scholarly journals Legacy for Children TM : a pair of randomized controlled trials of a public health model to improve developmental outcomes among children in poverty

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Perou ◽  
Marc N Elliott ◽  
Susanna N Visser ◽  
Angelika H Claussen ◽  
Keith G Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Children In Poverty ◽  
Public Health Model ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Health Model

Evaluate

Reset ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Robert Aunger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Public Health Indicators

Evaluating how well a program has worked—has it actually achieved the goal of changing behavior significantly?—is also highly desirable if the field of behavior change is to advance conceptually and become more effective. For this reason, efforts to evaluate programs should be undertaken, not just for research projects. This chapter provides a discussion of how this can be achieved with scientific rigor. Standard research designs are covered, such as Randomized Controlled Trials, as well as less common models. It is also noted that while evaluating whether the desired outcomes were achieved (such as improved public health indicators), it is equally important to understand how those outcomes arose—was it through the activities of the intervention? Can the observed improvements be assigned to the intended effects (e.g., on how people behave and think)?

scholarly journals From wealth to health: Evaluating microfinance as a complex intervention

Evaluation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McHugh ◽  
Olga Biosca ◽  
Cam Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
The Social

Innovative interventions that address the social determinants of health are required to help reduce persistent health inequalities. We argue that microcredit can act in this way and develop a conceptual framework from which to examine this. In seeking to evaluate microcredit this way we then examine how randomized controlled trials, currently considered as the ‘gold standard’ in impact evaluations of microcredit, compare with developments in thinking about study design in public health. This leads us to challenge the notion of trials as the apparent gold standard for microcredit evaluations and contend that the pursuit of trial-based evidence alone may be hampering the production of relevant evidence on microcredit’s public health (and other wider) impacts. In doing so, we introduce new insights into the global debate on microfinance impact evaluation, related to ethical issues in staging randomized controlled trials, and propose innovations on complementary methods for use in the evaluation of complex interventions.

Effects of soy isoflavones supplementation on patients with diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Qing-Feng Liang ◽  
Xia Zeng ◽  
Guang-Xiao Huang ◽  
Gui-Zhong Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication that is becoming a worldwide public health concern. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary soy isoflavones intervention...

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Telehealth and Digital Technology Use by Community Pharmacists to Improve Public Health

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Crilly ◽  
Reem Kayyali
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Digital Tool ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Community pharmacists (CPs) continue to have an important role in improving public health, however, advances in telehealth and digital technology mean that the methods by which they support their customers and patients are changing. The primary aim of this study was to identify which telehealth and digital technology tools are used by CPs for public health purposes and determine if these have a positive impact on public health outcomes. A systematic review was carried out using databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect, covering a time period from April 2005 until April 2020. The search criteria were the following: randomized controlled trials, published in English, investigating the delivery of public health services by community pharmacists using a telehealth or digital tool. Thirteen studies were included out of 719 initially identified. Nine studies detailed the use of telephone prompts or calls, one study detailed the use of a mobile health application, two studies detailed the use of a remote monitoring device, and one study detailed the use of photo-aging software. Public health topics that were addressed included vaccination uptake (n = 2), smoking cessation (n = 1), hypertension management (n = 2), and medication adherence and counseling (n = 8). More studies are needed to demonstrate whether or not the use of novel technology by CPs can improve public health.

The Effect of Partly Missing Covariates on Statistical Power in Randomized Controlled Trials With Discrete-Time Survival Endpoints

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Shahab Jolani ◽  
Maryam Safarkhani
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Missing Covariates ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Imputation Methods ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Baseline Covariates

Abstract. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a common strategy to increase power to detect a treatment effect is adjustment for baseline covariates. However, adjustment with partly missing covariates, where complete cases are only used, is inefficient. We consider different alternatives in trials with discrete-time survival data, where subjects are measured in discrete-time intervals while they may experience an event at any point in time. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation study, as well as a case study of randomized trials in smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indicated that single and multiple imputation methods outperform the other methods and increase precision in estimating the treatment effect. Missing indicator method, which uses a dummy variable in the statistical model to indicate whether the value for that variable is missing and sets the same value to all missing values, is comparable to imputation methods. Nevertheless, the power level to detect the treatment effect based on missing indicator method is marginally lower than the imputation methods, particularly when the missingness depends on the outcome. In conclusion, it appears that imputation of partly missing (baseline) covariates should be preferred in the analysis of discrete-time survival data.

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