Tuberculosis recurrence in smear-positive patients cured under DOTS in southern Ethiopia: retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background: The burden of life-threatening conditions requiring intensive care unit has grown substantially in low-income countries related to an emerging pandemic, urbanization, and hospital expansion. The rate of ICU mortality is varied from region to region in Ethiopia. However, body of evidence on ICU mortality and its predictors is uncertain. This study was designed to investigate the pattern of disease and predictors of mortality in Southern Ethiopia.Methods: After obtaining Ethical clearance from institutional Review Board (IRB), a multi-center retrospective Cohort study was conducted among three teaching referral hospital ICUs of southern Ethiopia from June, 2018 to May, 2020. Five hundred and seventeen Adult ICU patients were selected. Data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 and STATA version 16 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were run to see the overall distribution of the variables. Chi square test and odds ratio were determine to identify the association between independent and dependent variables. Multivariate analysis was conducted to control possible confounders and identify independent predictors of ICU mortality.Results: The mean (± SD) of the patients admitted in ICU was 34.25(±5.25). The overall ICU mortality rate was 46.8%. The study identified different independent predictors of mortality. Patients with cardiac arrest were approximately 12 times more likely to die as compared to who didn’t, AOR=11.9 (95% CI:6.1 to 23.2).Conclusion: The overall mortality rate in ICU was very high as compared to other studies in Ethiopia as well as globally which entails a rigorous activity from different stakeholders.

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Impact of HIV-AIDS on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome in Southern Ethiopia- A retrospective cohort study

Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100279 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100279

Author(s):

Mikias Alayu Alemu ◽

Aman Yesuf ◽

Fikirte Girma ◽

Fanna Adugna ◽

Kumlachew Melak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome ◽

Hiv Aids

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Predictors of Mortality among TB-HIV Co-Infected Children Attending Anti-Retroviral Therapy Clinics of Selected Public Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-704349/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jifare Gemechu ◽

Bereket Gebremichael ◽

Tewodros Tesfaye ◽

Alula Seyum ◽

Desta Erkalo

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

P Value ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Predictors Of Mortality ◽

Extra Pulmonary

Abstract Background: Co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV has a significant impact on public health. TB is the most common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death in HIV-positive children worldwide. But there is paucity of studies concerning the predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children. This study aimed to determine the predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics of public hospitals in Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study design was used among 284 TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics at selected public hospitals in SNNPR, Ethiopia, from January 2009 to December 2019. Then, medical records of children who were TB/HIV co-infected and on ART were reviewed using a structured data extraction tool. Data were entered using Epidata 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The Kaplan Meier survival curve along with log rank tests was used to estimate and compare survival time. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected children. Adjusted Hazard Ratio with p value < 0.05 and 95 % confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: A total of 284 TB/HIV co-infected children were included in the study. Among these, 35 (12.3%) of them died during the study period. The overall mortality rate was 2.78 (95%CI= 1.98-3.99) per 100 child years of observation. The predictors of mortality were anemia (AHR=3.6; 95%CI: 1.39-9.31), fair or poor ART drug adherence (AHR=2.9; 95%CI=1.15-7.43), extra pulmonary TB (AHR=3.9; 95%CI: 1.34-11.45) and TB drug resistance (AHR=5.7; 95%CI: 2.07-15.96). Conclusion: Mortality rate of TB/HIV co-infected children in selected public hospitals in SNNPR, Ethiopia was documented as 2.78 per child years of observation as a result of this study. Moreover, Anemia, drug resistant tuberculosis, extra pulmonary TB and poor adherence to ART drugs were identified as the predictors of mortality among these children.

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Effect of diabetes mellitus on pregnancy and birth outcomes in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102364 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102364

Author(s):

Eskinder Wolka ◽

Wakgari Deressa ◽

Ahmed Reja

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

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Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infection among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic at public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261454

Author(s):

Maycas Dembelu ◽

Mesfin Kote ◽

Girma Gilano ◽

Temesgen Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Opportunistic Infection ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Hiv Aids

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals are prone to opportunistic infections (OIs) due to HIV mediated immune suppression. When opportunistic infections occur in the form of relapse or reinfection, it is said to be reoccurrence. This study was aimed to assess Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infections among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending ART clinics in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 450 HIV/AIDS patients attending anti-retro viral therapy (ART) clinics in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used. Kaplan-Meier graph and log rank test were used for group wise comparison. Bivariate and multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model were used to identify independent predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infection. Result One hundred nineteen HIV/AIDS patient had reoccurrence of opportunistic infection. The incidence rate was 11.5 per 1000 person months. The mean time of reoccurrence was 56 months. One of the most reoccurred OIs was pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Predictors that were associated significantly were recent cell differentiation 4 (CD4) count, recent body mass index (BMI), recent functional status, and duration on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Conclusion Though the incidence rate of OIs decreased from previous findings, attention should be given to HIV patients with low CD4 count, low BMI and for those bedridden patients.

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