Effect of diabetes mellitus on pregnancy and birth outcomes in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 102364
Author(s):  
Eskinder Wolka ◽  
Wakgari Deressa ◽  
Ahmed Reja
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

scholarly journals Safe threshold of capillary blood glucose for predicting early future neonatal hypoglycaemia in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, an observational, retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther H. G. Park ◽  
Frances O’Brien ◽  
Fiona Seabrook ◽  
Jane Elizabeth Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycaemia

Abstract Background There is increasing pressure to get women and babies home rapidly after birth. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) currently get 24-h inpatient monitoring. We investigated whether a low-risk group of babies born to mothers with GDM could be defined for shorter inpatient hypoglycaemia monitoring. Methods Observational, retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in 2018. Singleton, term babies born to women with GDM and no other risk factors for hypoglycaemia, were included. Capillary blood glucose (BG) testing and clinical observations for signs of hypoglycaemia during the first 24-h after birth. BG was checked in all babies before the second feed. Subsequent testing occurred if the first result was < 2.0 mmol/L, or clinical suspicion developed for hypoglycaemia. Neonatal hypoglycaemia, defined as either capillary or venous glucose ≤ 2.0 mmol/L and/or clinical signs of neonatal hypoglycaemia requiring oral or intravenous dextrose (lethargy, abnormal feeding behaviour or seizures). Results Fifteen of 106 babies developed hypoglycaemia within the first 24-h. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were not predictive. All babies with hypoglycaemia had an initial capillary BG ≤ 2.6 mmol/L (Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.91–1.0). This result was validated on a further 65 babies, of whom 10 developed hypoglycaemia, in the first 24-h of life. Conclusion Using the 2.6 mmol/L threshold, extended monitoring as an inpatient could have been avoided for 60% of babies in this study. Whilst prospective validation is needed, this approach could help tailor postnatal care plans for babies born to mothers with GDM.

scholarly journals Maternal dietary patterns and risk of adverse pregnancy (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus) and birth (preterm birth and low birth weight) outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelemu Tilahun Kibret ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Ellie Gresham ◽  
Teketo K Tegegne ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies have indicated that dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). However, the results of these studies are varied and inconsistent. The present study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. Seven databases were searched for articles. Two reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled effect sizes of eligible studies.SettingStudies conducted all over the world were incorporated.SubjectsThe review focused on pregnant women.ResultsA total of twenty-one studies were identified. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains) was significantly associated with lower odds (OR; 95 % CI) of pre-eclampsia (0·78; 0·70, 0·86; I2=39·0 %, P=0·178), GDM (0·78; 0·56, 0·99; I2=68·6 %, P=0·013) and PTB (0·75; 0·57, 0·93; I2=89·6 %, P=0·0001).ConclusionsOur review suggests that dietary patterns with a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish are associated with a decreased likelihood of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Further research should be conducted in low-income countries to understand the impact of limited resources on dietary intake and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study at King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Sumyia Mehrin M. D. Abulkalam ◽  
Mai Kadi ◽  
Mahmoud A. Gaddoury ◽  
Wallaa Khalid Albishi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Baseline Characteristic ◽  
Drug Resistant

Background: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is re-emerging with the epidemic of type II diabetes. Both TB and DM were of the top 10 causes of death.[1] This study explores diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing the different antitubercular drug-resistant (DR) patterns among TB patients.  Methods: A retrospective cohort study has been conducted on all TB cases reported to the King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, between January 2012 to January 2021. All culture-confirmed and PCR-positive TB cases were included in this study. Categorical baseline characteristic of TB patient has been compared with DM status by using Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-square test. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DM and different drug resistance patterns.  Results: Of the total 695 diagnosed TB patients, 92 (13.24%) are resistant to 1st line anti TB drugs. Among 92 DR-TB patients, 36 (39.13%) are diabetic. The percentage of different patterns of DR-TB with DM, in the case of mono DR (12.09%), poly DR (4.19%) MDR (0.547%). As a risk factor, DM has a significant association with DR-TB, mono drug-resistant, and pyrazinamide-resistant TB (P-value <0.05). The MDR and PDR separately do not show any significant association with DM, but for further analysis, it shows a significant association with DM when we combined.  Conclusion: Our study identified diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for developing DR-TB. Better management of DM and TB infection caring programs among DM patients might improve TB control and prevent DR-TB development in KSA.

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