The effect of duration of exercise at the ventilation threshold on subjective appetite and short-term food intake in 9 to 14 year old boys and girls

The objective of these studies was to assess the reproducibility of (i) short-term food intake (FI) and subjective appetite following a glucose preload, (ii) ventilation threshold (VT) and subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and (iii) body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). On two separate weekend mornings, boys (n = 11; aged 9–14 years) received drinks containing 50 g glucose made up to 250 mL with water 2 h after a standardized breakfast. FI from a pizza meal was measured 30 min later. Subjective appetite was measured before and after the glucose loads and the VT measures. VTs were measured on 2 weekday evenings, 1 week apart. BIA was measured during the FI assessment sessions. Short-term FI after the glucose preload was highly reproducible. Mean energy intake was 925 ± 139 kcal on the first day and 988 ± 147 kcal on the second day (coefficient of repeatability (CR) = 259 kcal; intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96). Moderate reproducibility of the average appetite score was found at 30 min (CR = 24 mm; ICC = 0.82). Subjective appetite was increased similarly by short-duration exercise on both days (CR = 19 mm). Absolute VT was more highly reproducible (CR = 359 mL O2·min–1, ICC = 0.85) than VT expressed on the basis of body weight (CR = 8.0 mL O2·kg–1·min–1, ICC = 0.59). Fat mass (FM) estimated from BIA was highly reproducible (CR = 2.7 kg, ICC = 0.95), but underestimated FM compared with skinfolds. In conclusion, FI and subjective appetite scores in response to glucose preloads, VT, subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and estimates of FM from BIA are reproducible in boys.

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Obesity and adiposity: the culprit of dietary protein efficacy

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20190583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. 389-401

Author(s):

Carla El-Mallah ◽

Omar Obeid

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Short Term ◽

The Past ◽

Body Adiposity ◽

Reduce Sugar ◽

Eye Opening ◽

Potential Strategy ◽

Limitations And Exceptions

Abstract Obesity and increased body adiposity have been alarmingly increasing over the past decades and have been linked to a rise in food intake. Many dietary restrictive approaches aiming at reducing weight have resulted in contradictory results. Additionally, some policies to reduce sugar or fat intake were not able to decrease the surge of obesity. This suggests that food intake is controlled by a physiological mechanism and that any behavioural change only leads to a short-term success. Several hypotheses have been postulated, and many of them have been rejected due to some limitations and exceptions. The present review aims at presenting a new theory behind the regulation of energy intake, therefore providing an eye-opening field for energy balance and a potential strategy for obesity management.

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Adjustment of Whey:Casein Ratio from 20:80 to 60:40 in Milk Formulation Affects Food Intake and Brainstem and Hypothalamic Neuronal Activation and Gene Expression in Laboratory Mice

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 658

Author(s):

Erin L. Wood ◽

David G. Christian ◽

Mohammed Arafat ◽

Laura K. McColl ◽

Colin G. Prosser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Area Postrema ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Early Gene ◽

Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽

Laboratory Mice ◽

Neuronal Activation ◽

Short Term ◽

Animal Milk ◽

The Impact

Adjustment of protein content in milk formulations modifies protein and energy levels, ensures amino acid intake and affects satiety. The shift from the natural whey:casein ratio of ~20:80 in animal milk is oftentimes done to reflect the 60:40 ratio of human milk. Studies show that 20:80 versus 60:40 whey:casein milks differently affect glucose metabolism and hormone release; these data parallel animal model findings. It is unknown whether the adjustment from the 20:80 to 60:40 ratio affects appetite and brain processes related to food intake. In this set of studies, we focused on the impact of the 20:80 vs. 60:40 whey:casein content in milk on food intake and feeding-related brain processes in the adult organism. By utilising laboratory mice, we found that the 20:80 whey:casein milk formulation was consumed less avidly and was less preferred than the 60:40 formulation in short-term choice and no-choice feeding paradigms. The relative PCR analyses in the hypothalamus and brain stem revealed that the 20:80 whey:casein milk intake upregulated genes involved in early termination of feeding and in an interplay between reward and satiety, such as melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R), oxytocin (OXT), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R). The 20:80 versus 60:40 whey:casein formulation intake differently affected brain neuronal activation (assessed through c-Fos, an immediate-early gene product) in the nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. We conclude that the shift from the 20:80 to 60:40 whey:casein ratio in milk affects short-term feeding and relevant brain processes.

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Short-term control of food intake by the terrestrial slugAriolimax

Journal of Comparative Physiology A ◽

10.1007/bf00656389 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

David M. Senseman

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Short Term

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Different Short-Term Mild Exercise Modalities Lead to Differential Effects on Body Composition in Healthy Prepubertal Male Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/404201 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. M. Sontam ◽

M. H. Vickers ◽

J. M. O’Sullivan ◽

M. Watson ◽

E. C. Firth

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Food Intake ◽

Vital Role ◽

Voluntary Exercise ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

Male Rats ◽

Short Term ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Exercise ◽

Prepubertal Rats

Physical activity has a vital role in regulating and improving bone strength. Responsiveness of bone mass to exercise is age dependent with the prepubertal period suggested to be the most effective stage for interventions. There is a paucity of data on the effects of exercise on bone architecture and body composition when studied within the prepubertal period. We examined the effect of two forms of low-impact exercise on prepubertal changes in body composition and bone architecture. Weanling male rats were assigned to control (CON), bipedal stance (BPS), or wheel exercise (WEX) groups for 15 days until the onset of puberty. Distance travelled via WEX was recorded, food intake measured, and body composition quantified. Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture of the femur were determined by microcomputed tomography. WEX led to a higher lean mass and reduced fat mass compared to CON. WEX animals had greater femoral cortical cross-sectional thickness and closed porosity compared to CON. The different exercise modalities had no effect on body weight or food intake, but WEX significantly altered body composition and femoral microarchitecture. These data suggest that short-term mild voluntary exercise in normal prepubertal rats can alter body composition dependent upon the exercise modality.

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Effect of sugars in solutions on subjective appetite and short-term food intake in 9- to 14-year-old normal weight boys

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/ejcn.2014.33 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 773-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M Van Engelen ◽

S Khodabandeh ◽

T Akhavan ◽

J Agarwal ◽

B Gladanac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Short Term

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The effect of before meal consumption of fluid milks and substitutes on short‐term food intake, appetite and glycemic response in healthy young men and women

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.819.22 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Shirin Panahi ◽

Bohdan L. Luhovyy ◽

Ting Ting Liu ◽

Tina Akhavan ◽

G. Harvey Anderson

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Young Men ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Short Term ◽

Men And Women ◽

Meal Consumption

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Effect of Sugars‐Containing Beverages on Satiety and Short‐Term Food Intake in Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Girls

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.858.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Nick Bellissimo ◽

Lorianne Bennett ◽

Kelly Poirier ◽

Evelyn Hurton ◽

Bohdan Luhovyy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Short Term

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Effect of video game playing and a glucose preload on subjective appetite, subjective emotions, and food intake in overweight and obese boys

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 248-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brandon J.F. Gheller ◽

Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek ◽

Jo M. Welch ◽

Melissa D. Rossiter ◽

Bohdan Luhovyy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Video Game ◽

Primary Role ◽

Game Playing ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Short Term ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Video Game Playing ◽

Test Conditions

Video game playing (VGP) is associated with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). VGP and caloric preloads in the pre-meal environment influence short-term food intake (FI) in healthy-weight children. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of pre-meal VGP and a glucose preload on subjective emotions, subjective appetite, and FI in boys with OW/OB. On 4 separate mornings, boys with OW/OB (n = 22; mean ± SD: age = 11.9 ± 1.6 years; body mass index percentile = 94.3 ± 3.9) participated in 4 test conditions. Two hours after a standardized breakfast, boys consumed equally sweetened preloads (250 mL) of sucralose (0 kcal) or glucose (200 kcal), with or without 30 min of subsequent VGP. Immediately after each test condition, FI was evaluated during an ad libitum pizza meal. Subjective appetite was measured at 0 (baseline), 15, and 30 min. Subjective emotions (aggression, anger, excitement, disappointment, happiness, upset, and frustration) were measured at 0 and 30 min. VGP did not affect FI, but the glucose preload decreased FI compared with the sucralose control (Δ = −103 ± 48 kcal, p < 0.01). However, cumulative FI (preload kcal + meal kcal) was 9% higher after the glucose preload (p < 0.01). Subjective appetite increased with time (p < 0.05) but was not influenced by preload or VGP. Frustration was the only subjective emotion that increased following VGP (p < 0.01). A glucose preload, but not VGP, suppressed FI in boys with OW/OB, suggesting a primary role of physiological factors in short-term FI regulation.

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