Reproducibility of short-term food intake and subjective appetite scores after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold, and body composition in boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
Paul B. Pencharz ◽  
Robert C. Goode ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Ventilation Threshold ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient

The objective of these studies was to assess the reproducibility of (i) short-term food intake (FI) and subjective appetite following a glucose preload, (ii) ventilation threshold (VT) and subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and (iii) body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). On two separate weekend mornings, boys (n = 11; aged 9–14 years) received drinks containing 50 g glucose made up to 250 mL with water 2 h after a standardized breakfast. FI from a pizza meal was measured 30 min later. Subjective appetite was measured before and after the glucose loads and the VT measures. VTs were measured on 2 weekday evenings, 1 week apart. BIA was measured during the FI assessment sessions. Short-term FI after the glucose preload was highly reproducible. Mean energy intake was 925 ± 139 kcal on the first day and 988 ± 147 kcal on the second day (coefficient of repeatability (CR) = 259 kcal; intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96). Moderate reproducibility of the average appetite score was found at 30 min (CR = 24 mm; ICC = 0.82). Subjective appetite was increased similarly by short-duration exercise on both days (CR = 19 mm). Absolute VT was more highly reproducible (CR = 359 mL O2·min–1, ICC = 0.85) than VT expressed on the basis of body weight (CR = 8.0 mL O2·kg–1·min–1, ICC = 0.59). Fat mass (FM) estimated from BIA was highly reproducible (CR = 2.7 kg, ICC = 0.95), but underestimated FM compared with skinfolds. In conclusion, FI and subjective appetite scores in response to glucose preloads, VT, subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and estimates of FM from BIA are reproducible in boys.

Role of physiology and environmental factors on food intake control in boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physiologic Regulation

To examine the hypothesis that physiologic regulation of short-term food intake (FI) in boys is affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors, four studies were conducted. The primary objectives were as follows: (i) to compare the effect of glucose and whey-protein (50 g) preloads on satiety and FI as affected by time to the next meal and body composition in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) boys; (ii) to examine the role of short-duration physical activity on subjective appetite and to identify the role of and associations between fitness and FI at a pizza lunch 30 min after glucose and whey-protein drinks in NW boys; (iii) to determine the effect of television viewing (TVV) on FI of boys at a meal and its effect on caloric compensation at the test meal after a premeal glucose drink; and (iv) to determine the reproducibility of short-term FI and subjective appetite after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold (VT), and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Obese boys responded less than NW boys to whey protein, with time (30 vs. 60 min) to the next meal the response decreasing to glucose but increasing to protein. Subjective appetite was increased by short-duration physical activity and FI following glucose and whey-protein preloads was positively associated with VT in boys. TVV while eating a meal contributed to increased energy intake by delaying normal mealtime satiation and reducing satiety signals from previously consumed foods. Short-term FI after a glucose preload, subjective appetite after glucose and physical activity, VT, and body composition assessed by BIA were reproducible in boys. In conclusion, physiologic regulation of short-term FI in boys was affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors. Macronutrient source, body weight and composition, time to the next meal, short-duration physical activity and fitness, and TVV at mealtime impacted on FI regulation in boys.

Sensitivity of bioelectrical impedance to detect changes in human body composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ross ◽  
L. Leger ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
R. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Human Body Composition

The purpose of this study was to compare the estimates of lean body mass (LBM) and percent body fat (%BF), as predicted by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and sum of skinfolds (SF), with those derived by hydrostatic weighing (HW) obtained before and after a 10-wk diet and exercise regimen. The experimental (E) group consisted of 17 healthy male subjects; 20 healthy males served as the control (C) group. Post hoc Scheffe contrasts computed on E group data indicated that, for both LBM and %BF, the Lukaski and Segal BIA equations, as well as the Durnin SF equation, derived mean values that were not significantly different (0.05 significance level) from HW in both pre- and postregimen conditions. For LBM, the same equations derived the following significant (P less than 0.01) correlation coefficients for both pre- and postregimen data: Lukaski, 0.87 and 0.85; Segal, 0.89 and 0.87; and Durnin, 0.90 and 0.88. For %BF, the correlation coefficients were slightly lower but remained statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the BIA method, by use of either the Lukaski or Segal prediction equations, is a valid means of predicting changes in human body composition as measured by the Siri transformation of body density.

scholarly journals Different Short-Term Mild Exercise Modalities Lead to Differential Effects on Body Composition in Healthy Prepubertal Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sontam ◽  
M. H. Vickers ◽  
J. M. O’Sullivan ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
E. C. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Exercise ◽  
Prepubertal Rats

Physical activity has a vital role in regulating and improving bone strength. Responsiveness of bone mass to exercise is age dependent with the prepubertal period suggested to be the most effective stage for interventions. There is a paucity of data on the effects of exercise on bone architecture and body composition when studied within the prepubertal period. We examined the effect of two forms of low-impact exercise on prepubertal changes in body composition and bone architecture. Weanling male rats were assigned to control (CON), bipedal stance (BPS), or wheel exercise (WEX) groups for 15 days until the onset of puberty. Distance travelled via WEX was recorded, food intake measured, and body composition quantified. Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture of the femur were determined by microcomputed tomography. WEX led to a higher lean mass and reduced fat mass compared to CON. WEX animals had greater femoral cortical cross-sectional thickness and closed porosity compared to CON. The different exercise modalities had no effect on body weight or food intake, but WEX significantly altered body composition and femoral microarchitecture. These data suggest that short-term mild voluntary exercise in normal prepubertal rats can alter body composition dependent upon the exercise modality.

scholarly journals Oxytocin Administration Alleviates Acute but Not Chronic Leptin Resistance of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Labyb ◽  
Chloé Chrétien ◽  
Aurélie Caillon ◽  
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
Jordi Altirriba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Whereas leptin administration only has a negligible effect on the treatment of obesity, it has been demonstrated that its action can be improved by co-administration of leptin and one of its sensitizers. Considering that oxytocin treatment decreases body weight in obese animals and humans, we investigated the effects of oxytocin and leptin cotreatment. First, lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with oxytocin for 2 weeks and we measured the acute leptin response. Second, DIO mice were treated for 2 weeks with saline, oxytocin (50 μg/day), leptin (20 or 40 µg/day) or oxytocin plus leptin. Oxytocin pre-treatment restored a normal acute leptin response, decreasing food intake and body weight gain. Chronic continuous administration of oxytocin or leptin at 40 µg/day decreased body weight in the presence (leptin) or in the absence (oxytocin) of cumulative differences in food intake. Saline or leptin treatment at 20 µg/day had no impact on body weight. Oxytocin and leptin cotreatments had no additional effects compared with single treatments. These results point to the fact that chronic oxytocin treatment improves the acute, but not the chronic leptin response, suggesting that this treatment could be used to improve the short-term satiety effect of leptin.

scholarly journals 2544

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Hayley Billingsley ◽  
Salvatore Carbone ◽  
Justin M. Canada ◽  
Leo Buckley ◽  
Dave L. Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Rank Test

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States characterized by fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Higher amounts of fat-free mass (FFM) and lower amounts of fat mass (FM) have been associated with better outcomes in several chronic diseases, recently also in NASH. Body composition is highly influenced by diet. However, the role of diet on body composition in patients with NASH is largely unknown. We hypothesized that consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), healthy fatty acids mainly found in fish, nuts, and some vegetable oils, is associated with improved body composition, specifically greater FFM and lower FM, in NASH patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In total, 13 patients with histologically confirmed NASH underwent body composition testing via bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate FFM% (% of body weight), FM% (% of body weight), and FFM/FM ratio. PUFA and saturated fat consumption was determined by standardized 5-pass 24-hour dietary recall. Correlations were computed using the Spearman rank test. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Median body mass index (BMI) was 35.7 kg/m2 (32.8–42.7), median age of the sample was 50 years (46.3–57.3), and 73% were female. Median percent of calories from polyunsaturated fat was 6.8% (5.4–9.6). Percent of calories from PUFA was positively and significantly associated with greater FFM% (R=0.56, p=0.049), lower FM% (R=−0.59, p=0.035), and greater FFM/FM ratio (R=0.58, p=0.037). Additionally, a higher PUFA to saturated fatty acids ratio was also significantly correlated with greater FFM% (R=0.58, p=0.039), lower FM% (R=−0.64, p=0.020), and greater FFM/FM ratio (R=0.57, p=0.043). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In patients with NASH, the consumption of PUFA is associated with higher FFM and lower FM, which suggests a protective role of these nutrients on body composition. A larger study on patients with NASH is warranted to confirm our findings on PUFA consumption and body composition, as well as to determine whether these effects will improve clinical outcomes.

Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R616-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
F. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of differences in meal frequency on body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were studied in mildly food-restricted male rats. Two groups were fed approximately 80% of usual food intake (as periodically determined in a group of ad libitum fed controls) for 131 days. One group received all of its food in 2 meals/day and the other received all of its food in 10-12 meals/day. The two groups did not differ in food intake, body weight, body composition, food efficiency (carcass energy gain per amount of food eaten), or energy expenditure at any time during the study. Both food-restricted groups had a lower food intake, body weight gain, and energy expenditure than a group of ad libitum-fed controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that amount of food eaten, but not the pattern with which it is ingested, has a major influence on energy balance during mild food restriction.

The Effects of Tribulus Terrestris on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Resistance-Trained Males

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio ◽  
John Uelmen ◽  
Ramsey Rodriguez ◽  
Conrad Earnest
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the herbal preparation Tribulus terrestris (tribulus) on body composition and exercise performance in resistance-trained males. Fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo or tribulus (3.21 mg per kg body weight daily) group. Body weight, body composition, maximal strength, dietary intake, and mood states were determined before and after an 8-week exercise (periodized resistance training) and supplementation period. There were no changes in body weight, percentage fat, total body water, dietary intake, or mood states in either group. Muscle endurance (determined by the maximal number of repetitions at 100—200% of body weight) increased for the bench and leg press exercises in the placebo group (p < .05; bench press ±28.4%. leg press ±28.6%), while the tribulus group experienced an increase in leg press strength only (bench press ±3.1 %, not significant; leg press ±28.6%, p < .05). Supplementation with tribulus does not enhance body composition or exercise performance in resistance-trained males.

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