scholarly journals Regional left ventricular myocardial T1 and velocity mapping: elevated extracellular volume fraction is associated with altered myocardial velocities

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D Collins ◽  
Lewis Sommerville ◽  
Daniela Föll ◽  
Patrick Magrath ◽  
Bruce S Spottiswoode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Velocity Mapping ◽  
Myocardial T1

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Myocardial T1 Values and Extracellular Volume Fraction in Asymptomatic Subjects: Variations According to Left Ventricular Segments and Correlation with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Young Kim ◽  
Soo Jin Cho ◽  
Hae Jin Kim ◽  
Sung Mok Kim ◽  
Sang-Chol Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Myocardial T1 ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the normal range and variation in pre-contrast (preT1) and post-contrast (postT1) myocardial T1 values and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) according to left ventricular (LV) segments and to check for correlations between them and known cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: This study included 233 asymptomatic subjects (210 men and 23 women; aged 54.1±6.0 years) who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with preT1 and postT1 mapping on a 1.5-T scanner. T1 values and ECVs were compared among LV segments, age groups, and sex, and correlated with renal function. Based on the presence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM), the subjects were subdivided into the control (n=121), HTN (n=58), DM (n=25), and HTN and DM (HTN-DM) groups (n=29).Results: T1 values and ECV showed significant differences between the basal septal and lateral segments (p≤0.001) and between the mid-septal and mid-lateral segments (PreT1 p≤0.003, postT1 and ECV p<0.001). Among subgroups according to the HTN and DM status, the HTN-DM group showed a significantly higher ECV (0.260±0.023) than the control (0.240±0.021, p=0.011) and HTN (0.241±0.024, p=0.041) groups. Overall postT1 and ECV of the LV had significant correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.19, p=0.038 for postT1; r = -0.23, p=0.011 for ECV).Conclusion: Septal segments show higher preT1 and ECV but lower postT1 than lateral segments at the mid-ventricular and basal levels. ECV is significantly affected by cardiovascular risk factors such as HTN, DM, and decreased renal function, even in asymptomatic subjects.

Transmural heterogeneity of diffusion anisotropy in the sheep myocardium characterized by MR diffusion tensor imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. H2377-H2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Julius M. Guccione ◽  
Mark B. Ratcliffe ◽  
Edward W. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mr Diffusion ◽  
Mr Diffusion Tensor Imaging

The orientation of MRI-measured diffusion tensor in the myocardium has been directly correlated to the tissue fiber direction and widely characterized. However, the scalar anisotropy indexes have mostly been assumed to be uniform throughout the myocardial wall. The present study examines the fractional anisotropy (FA) as a function of transmural depth and circumferential and longitudinal locations in the normal sheep cardiac left ventricle. Results indicate that FA remains relatively constant from the epicardium to the midwall and then decreases (25.7%) steadily toward the endocardium. The decrease of FA corresponds to 7.9% and 12.9% increases in the secondary and tertiary diffusion tensor diffusivities, respectively. The transmural location of the FA transition coincides with the location where myocardial fibers run exactly circumferentially. There is also a significant difference in the midwall-endocardium FA slope between the septum and the posterior or lateral left ventricular free wall. These findings are consistent with the cellular microstructure from histological studies of the myocardium and suggest a role for MR diffusion tensor imaging in characterization of not only fiber orientation but, also, other tissue parameters, such as the extracellular volume fraction.

Abstract 17263: Pre-Clinical Left Ventricular Myocardial Remodeling in Patients With Friedreich’s Ataxia: A Cardiac MRI Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A Takazaki1 ◽  
Thiago Quinaglia A. C. Silva ◽  
Alberto Martinez ◽  
Tomas Neilan ◽  
Ravi SHAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume Fraction ◽  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Burn Out

Background: Heart Failure (HF) is the most common cause of death in Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), an inherited mitochondrial disease. Myocardial fibrosis is a well-documented histopathological feature among FRDA patients with HF. Objectives: In this study we will investigate the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and intracellular water lifetime (τ ic ), using T1-weighted CMR imaging, in a cohort of patients with FRDA without signs of heart failure. We will also investigate whether myocardial tissue phenotyping by CMR can highlight particular characteristics of LV remodeling in FRDA’s cardiomyopathy, beyond those currently assessed with imaging-based classification of disease severity. Methods: Twenty-six FRDA’s patients (age 26.6±9.3 years, 15 women) without signs of HF, and 10 healthy controls (32.6±7.3 years, 5 women) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies for assessment of left ventricular (LV) function, myocardial T1, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and intracellular water-lifetime (τ ic ) as marker of cardiomyocyte size. Neurological decline was determined using the FRDA rating scale (FARS 3). Results: FRDA patients had normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF: 67.66±11.4 vs. 63.9±9.0, P=0.311), larger LV mass index (LVMASSi: 61.03±22.1 vs. 45±4.2g/m 2 , P<0.001), and decreased LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi 53.42±12 vs. 75.7±16.1, P=0.002), compared with controls. ECV and τ ic , were increased in FRDA patients (ECV: 0.36±0.05 vs. 0.25±0.02, P<0.0001; τ ic : 0.13±0.07 vs. 0.06±0.03, P=0.001). ECV was positively associated with LV mass-to-volume ratio (r=0.628, P<0.001). FARS 3 correlated positively with disease duration (r=0.669, P<0.001), and negatively with τ ic , (r=0.478, P=0.039). LVMASSi and cardiomyocyte mass-index [(1–ECV)LVMASSi] declined with age, indicating that LV hypertrophy may transition to a “burn-out” phase with LV atrophy. Conclusions: LV hypertrophy in FRDA reflects an expansion of the myocardial interstitium and an increase in cardiomyocyte size. In contrast, the neurological decline was more likely with decreasing cardiomyocyte size, possibly an early sign of myocardial “burn-out” in FRDA.

scholarly journals Computed tomography angiography-derived extracellular volume fraction predicts early recovery of left ventricular systolic function after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghee Han ◽  
Balaji Tamarappoo ◽  
Eyal Klein ◽  
Jeffrey Tyler ◽  
Tarun Chakravarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve

Abstract Aims  Recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after aortic valve replacement has prognostic importance in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). The mechanism by which myocardial fibrosis impacts LVEF recovery in AS is not well characterized. We sought to evaluate the predictive value of extracellular volume fraction (ECV) quantified by cardiac CT angiography (CTA) for LVEF recovery in patients with AS after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods and results  In 109 pre-TAVR patients with LVEF &lt;50% at baseline echocardiography, CTA-derived ECV was calculated as the ratio of change in CT attenuation of the myocardium and the left ventricular (LV) blood pool before and after contrast administration. Early LVEF recovery was defined as an absolute increase of ≥10% in LVEF measured by post-TAVR follow-up echocardiography within 6 months of the procedure. Early LVEF recovery was observed in 39 (36%) patients. The absolute increase in LVEF was 17.6 ± 8.8% in the LVEF recovery group and 0.9 ± 5.9% in the no LVEF recovery group (P &lt; 0.001). ECV was significantly lower in patients with LVEF recovery compared with those without LVEF recovery (29.4 ± 6.1% vs. 33.2 ± 7.7%, respectively, P = 0.009). In multivariable analysis, mean pressure gradient across the aortic valve [odds ratio (OR): 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.11, P: 0.001], LV end-diastolic volume (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99, P: 0.035), and ECV (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, P: 0.018) were independent predictors of early LVEF recovery. Conclusion  Increased myocardial ECV on CTA is associated with impaired LVEF recovery post-TAVR in severe AS patients with impaired LV systolic function.

scholarly journals Chronic Anthracycline-related Myocarditis Presenting as Diffuse Myocardial Calcification

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Marijan Pejic ◽  
Monica Shifman ◽  
Trevor Rose ◽  
Daniel Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Gadolinium Enhancement ◽  
Myocardial Calcification ◽  
Chronic Myocarditis ◽  
Early Gadolinium Enhancement

In the setting of cardio-oncology, evaluation for myocarditis is a growing indication for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Treatment-related side effects of cancer therapies comprise the majority of myocarditis cases in cardio-oncology, and these are often secondary to anthracyclines and even the newer class of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cardiotoxicity from cancer therapy represents an increasingly recognized etiology of myocarditis and when detected, warrants prompt management changes. The conventional CMR evaluation for myocarditis includes modules for the left ventricular structure and function, early gadolinium enhancement, and late gadolinium enhancement. Newer CMR sequences including native T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction offer improvement in diagnostic accuracy from conventional CMR methods. We present a case of subacute/ chronic myocarditis related to anthracycline therapy 4 months prior that was diagnosed only after incidental diffuse myocardial calcifications on pre-treatment computed tomography raised suspicion.

scholarly journals Increased left ventricular extracellular volume and enhanced twist function in type 1 diabetic individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainisha Vasanji ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Neil D. Eves ◽  
Debra L. Isaac ◽  
Matthias G. Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Reactive Fibrosis

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) characteristically have high glycemic levels that over time can result in reactive fibrosis and abnormalities in myocardial function. T1 mapping with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can estimate the extent of reactive fibrosis by measurement of the extracellular volume fraction (ECV). The extent of alterations in the ECV and associated changes in left ventricular (LV) function and morphology in individuals with T1D is unknown. Fourteen individuals with long-term T1D and 14 sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched controls without diabetes underwent MRI measurement of myocardial T1 and ECV values as well as LV function and morphology. Ventricular mass, volumes, and global function (LVEF and circumferential/longitudinal/radial strain) were similar in those with T1D and controls. However, those with T1D had larger myocardial ECV (22.1 ± 1.8 vs. 20.1 ± 2.1, P = 0.008) and increased native (noncontrast) myocardial T1 values (1,211 ± 44 vs. 1,172 ± 43 ms, P < 0.001) as compared with controls. Both the ECV and native T1 values significantly correlated with several components of torsion and circumferential-longitudinal shear strain ( Ecl, the shear strain component associated with twist). Individuals with T1D had increased systolic torsion ( P = 0.035), systolic torsion rate ( P = 0.032), peak Ecl ( P = 0.001), and rates of change of systolic ( P = 0.007) and diastolic ( P = 0.007) Ecl. Individuals with T1D, with normal structure, LVEF, and strain, have increased extracellular volume and increased native T1 values with associated augmented torsion and Ecl. These measures may be useful in detecting the early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy and warrant larger prospective studies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Individuals with type 1 diabetes, with normal left ventricular structure and function (ejection fraction and strain), have signs of interstitial fibrosis, measured with MRI as increased extracellular volume fraction and increased native myocardial T1, which significantly correlated with a number of measures of augmented left ventricular twist function. These measures may be useful in detecting the early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

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