Drug use and treatment success among gang and non-gang members in El Salvador: a prospective cohort study

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a common infectious disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in low and middle-income countries. Successful treatment of the disease requires prolonged intake (6 to 8 months) of multiple antibiotics with potentially detrimental consequences on the composition and functional potential of the human microbiome. The protocol described in the current study aims to identify microbiome (oral and gut) signatures associated with TB pathogenesis, treatment response and, outcome in humans. Methods and analysis: Four hundred and fifty, newly diagnosed TB patients from three district levels (Peshawar, Mardan, Swat) TB diagnosis and treatment centers will be recruited in this non-interventional, prospective cohort study and will be followed and monitored until treatment completion. Demographic and dietary intake data, anthropometric measurement and blood, stool and salivary rinse samples will be collected at baseline, day 15, month-2 and end of the treatment. Additionally, we will recruit age and sex-matched healthy controls (n=30). Blood sampling will allow monitoring of the immune response during the treatment, while salivary rinse and fecal samples will allow monitoring of dynamic changes in oral and gut microbiome diversity. Within this prospective cohort study, a nested case-control study design will be conducted to assess perturbations in oral and gut microbiome diversity (microbial dysbiosis) and immune response and compare between the patients groups (treatment success vs failure). Ethics and dissemination The study has received ethics approval from the Ethic Board of Khyber Medical University Peshawar, and administrative approval from the Provincial TB Control Program of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number: NCT04985994; pre-results

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Increase in recreational drug use between 2008‐2018: results from a prospective cohort study among HIV‐negative men who have sex with men

Addiction ◽

10.1111/add.15666 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liza Coyer ◽

Anders Boyd ◽

Udi Davidovich ◽

Ward P. H. Bilsen ◽

Maria Prins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Recreational Drug ◽

Recreational Drug Use ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv Negative

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Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk in a European prospective cohort study

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.31570 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 143 (7) ◽

pp. 1688-1695 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manon Cairat ◽

Agnès Fournier ◽

Neil Murphy ◽

Carine Biessy ◽

Augustin Scalbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Inflammatory Drug ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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The prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use among injured patients presenting to the emergency department of a national hospital in Tanzania: a prospective cohort study

BMC Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12873-019-0222-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Müller M. Mundenga ◽

Hendry R. Sawe ◽

Michael S. Runyon ◽

Victor G. Mwafongo ◽

Juma A. Mfinanga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

National Hospital ◽

Injured Patients

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Use of an Admission Early Warning Score to predict patient morbidity and mortality and treatment success—A prospective cohort study

European Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ejim.2007.11.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. e8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.D. Groarke ◽

J. Gallagher ◽

J. Stack ◽

A.R. Aftab ◽

C. Dwyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Early Warning ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Early Warning Score ◽

Patient Morbidity

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Strategies to maximise study retention and limit attrition bias in a prospective cohort study of men reporting a history of injecting drug use released from prison: The Prison and Transition Health study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-510892/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ashleigh Cara Stewart ◽

Reece Cossar ◽

Shelley Walker ◽

Anna Lee Wilkinson ◽

Brendan Quinn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Injecting Drug Use ◽

Health Study ◽

Attrition Bias ◽

History Of ◽

Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background There are significant challenges associated with studies of people released from custodial settings, including loss to follow-up in the community. Interpretation of findings with consideration of differences between those followed up and those not followed up is critical in the development of evidence-informed policies and practices. We describe attrition bias in the Prison and Transition Health (PATH) prospective cohort study, and strategies employed to minimise attrition.Methods PATH involves 400 men with a history of injecting drug use recruited from three prisons in Victoria, Australia. Four interviews were conducted: one pre-release (‘baseline’) and three interviews at approximately 3, 12, and 24 months post-release (‘follow-up’). We assessed differences in baseline characteristics between those retained and not retained in the study, using two-sample tests of proportions and t-tests.Results Most participants (85%) completed at least one follow-up interview and 162 (42%) completed all three follow-up interviews. Retained participants were younger than those lost to follow-up (mean diff − 3.1 years, 95% CI -5.3, -0.9). There were no other statistically significant differences observed in baseline characteristics.Conclusion The high proportion of participants retained in the PATH cohort study via comprehensive follow-up procedures, coupled with extensive record linkage to a range of administrative datasets, is a considerable strength of the study. Our findings highlight how strategic and comprehensive follow-up procedures, frequent contact with participants and secondary contacts, and established working relationships with the relevant government departments can improve study retention and potentially minimise attrition bias.

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