scholarly journals Drug use and treatment success among gang and non-gang members in El Salvador: a prospective cohort study

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knowlton W Johnson ◽  
Stephen R Shamblen ◽  
Matthew W Courser ◽  
Linda Young ◽  
Melissa H Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Gang Members

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Microbiome in Susceptibility, Treatment Response and Outcome among Tuberculosis Patients from Pakistan; Study Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study (Micro-STOP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Zia UlHaq ◽  
Simon C Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a common infectious disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in low and middle-income countries. Successful treatment of the disease requires prolonged intake (6 to 8 months) of multiple antibiotics with potentially detrimental consequences on the composition and functional potential of the human microbiome. The protocol described in the current study aims to identify microbiome (oral and gut) signatures associated with TB pathogenesis, treatment response and, outcome in humans. Methods and analysis: Four hundred and fifty, newly diagnosed TB patients from three district levels (Peshawar, Mardan, Swat) TB diagnosis and treatment centers will be recruited in this non-interventional, prospective cohort study and will be followed and monitored until treatment completion. Demographic and dietary intake data, anthropometric measurement and blood, stool and salivary rinse samples will be collected at baseline, day 15, month-2 and end of the treatment. Additionally, we will recruit age and sex-matched healthy controls (n=30). Blood sampling will allow monitoring of the immune response during the treatment, while salivary rinse and fecal samples will allow monitoring of dynamic changes in oral and gut microbiome diversity. Within this prospective cohort study, a nested case-control study design will be conducted to assess perturbations in oral and gut microbiome diversity (microbial dysbiosis) and immune response and compare between the patients groups (treatment success vs failure). Ethics and dissemination The study has received ethics approval from the Ethic Board of Khyber Medical University Peshawar, and administrative approval from the Provincial TB Control Program of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number: NCT04985994; pre-results

scholarly journals Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk in a European prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
pp. 1688-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Cairat ◽  
Agnès Fournier ◽  
Neil Murphy ◽  
Carine Biessy ◽  
Augustin Scalbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Strategies to maximise study retention and limit attrition bias in a prospective cohort study of men reporting a history of injecting drug use released from prison: The Prison and Transition Health study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Cara Stewart ◽  
Reece Cossar ◽  
Shelley Walker ◽  
Anna Lee Wilkinson ◽  
Brendan Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Attrition Bias ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Abstract Background There are significant challenges associated with studies of people released from custodial settings, including loss to follow-up in the community. Interpretation of findings with consideration of differences between those followed up and those not followed up is critical in the development of evidence-informed policies and practices. We describe attrition bias in the Prison and Transition Health (PATH) prospective cohort study, and strategies employed to minimise attrition.Methods PATH involves 400 men with a history of injecting drug use recruited from three prisons in Victoria, Australia. Four interviews were conducted: one pre-release (‘baseline’) and three interviews at approximately 3, 12, and 24 months post-release (‘follow-up’). We assessed differences in baseline characteristics between those retained and not retained in the study, using two-sample tests of proportions and t-tests.Results Most participants (85%) completed at least one follow-up interview and 162 (42%) completed all three follow-up interviews. Retained participants were younger than those lost to follow-up (mean diff − 3.1 years, 95% CI -5.3, -0.9). There were no other statistically significant differences observed in baseline characteristics.Conclusion The high proportion of participants retained in the PATH cohort study via comprehensive follow-up procedures, coupled with extensive record linkage to a range of administrative datasets, is a considerable strength of the study. Our findings highlight how strategic and comprehensive follow-up procedures, frequent contact with participants and secondary contacts, and established working relationships with the relevant government departments can improve study retention and potentially minimise attrition bias.

scholarly journals Injecting drug use is an independent risk factor for reincarceration after release from prison: A prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Winter ◽  
Mark Stoové ◽  
Paul A. Agius ◽  
Margaret E. Hellard ◽  
Stuart A. Kinner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Release From Prison

scholarly journals Childhood sexual abuse and risk for initiating injection drug use: A prospective cohort study

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Hadland ◽  
Dan Werb ◽  
Thomas Kerr ◽  
Eric Fu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Injection Drug
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