Glucose absorption inhibitors given during insulin withdrawal in type 1 and type3c diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselle Herring
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Insulin Withdrawal

Berberine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Baska ◽  
Kamil Leis ◽  
Przemysław Gałązka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Macrophages Polarization ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4

: Berberine is an alkaloid found in plants. It has e.g. neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity. The research proves that it also strongly impacts the carbohydrate metabolism. The compound also protects pancreatic βcells and increases sensitivity to insulin in peripheral tissues via the induction of GLUT-1, GLUT-4 and insulin type 1 (Ins1) receptors activity. It also stimulates glycolysis and leads to a decrease in insulin resistance by macrophages polarization, lipolytic processes induction and energy expenditure enhancement (by reducing body mass and limiting insulin resistance caused by obesity). In liver berberine inhibits FOX01, SREBP1 and ChREBP pathways, and HNF-4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha) mRNA that hinder gluconeogenesis processes. In intestines it blocks α-glucosidase contributing to glucose absorption decrease. Its interference in intestinal flora reduces levels of monosaccharides and suppresses diabetes mellitus complications development.

scholarly journals Type 1 Taste Receptors in Taste and Metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kochem
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Insulin Regulation ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Our sense of taste allows us to evaluate the nutritive value of foods prior to ingesting them. Sweet taste signals the presence of sugars, and savory taste signals the presence of amino acids. The ability to identify these macronutrients in foods was likely crucial for the survival of our species when nourishing food sources were sparse. In modern, industrialized settings, taste perception continues to play an important role in human health as we attempt to prevent and treat conditions stemming from overnutrition. Recent research has revealed that type 1 taste receptors (T1Rs), which are largely responsible for sweet and umami taste, may also influence the absorption and metabolism of the foods we eat. Preliminary research shows that T1Rs contribute to intestinal glucose absorption, blood sugar and insulin regulation, and the body's responses to excessive energy intake. In light of these findings, T1Rs have come to be understood as nutrient sensors, among other roles, that facilitate the selection, digestion, and metabolism of foods.

Small intestinal glucose absorption is increased in type 1 diabetes mellitus

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Keith Rayner ◽  
Matthijs P. Schwartz ◽  
P. Sytze van Dam ◽  
Willem Renooij ◽  
Martin de Smet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Nonlinear ODE mathematical analysis of the insulin-glucose model in the presence of a condition in glycemia function H(G).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Gamboa ◽  
Luis N. Coria ◽  
Paul A. Valle
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Invariant Plane ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
Fifth Order ◽  
Glucose Excretion

Abstract This work aims to analyze a fifth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations that describe the glucoregulatory model system based on intravenous injection of glucose via in-vivo experimentation in rats reported previously in the literature. A mathematical analysis shows that existence of an invariant plane condition associated with insulin can determine a type 1 or type 2 diabetes classification. The bounded positive invariant domain (BPID) by applying the Lyapunov direct method establishes a mathematical preamble where maximum cell population is associated to an upper bound set given by a localizing function by applying the LCIS (Localizing Compact Invariant Set) method. Furthermore, an equilibrium point's existing condition is defined if U(t) is an invariant plane and H(G) exists. Also are discussed parameter conditions for renal glucose excretion (k5) and the rate constant of glucose absorption (ka) as a case of study when glycemia function presents existence conditions with or without insulin variable.

scholarly journals Metabolic effects of an SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) during a period of acute insulin withdrawal and development of ketoacidosis in people with type 1 diabetes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselle A Herring ◽  
Fariba Shojaee-Moradie ◽  
Robert Garesse ◽  
Mary Stevenage ◽  
Nicola Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Pump Therapy ◽  
Pump Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Insulin Withdrawal

Objective: To determine the effect of SGLT<sub>2</sub> inhibitor dapagliflozin on glucose flux, lipolysis and ketone body concentrations during insulin withdrawal in people with type 1 diabetes. <p> </p> <p>Research Design and Methods: A double-blind placebo controlled crossover study with a 4-week wash out period was performed in 12 people with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy. Participants received dapagliflozin or placebo in random order for 7 days. Stable isotopes were infused to measure the rate of glucose production (Ra), disappearance (Rd) and lipolysis. At isotopic steady state insulin was withdrawn and the study terminated after 600 minutes or earlier if blood glucose reached 18mmol/L, bicarbonate <15mmol/L, venous pH <7.35 or capillary ketones >5.0 mmol/L. </p> <p><br></p><p>Results: At baseline, glucose Ra was significantly higher with dapagliflozin than placebo. Following insulin withdrawal, plasma glucose concentrations at the end point were significantly lower with dapagliflozin than placebo and AUC<sub>0-180min </sub>glucose Rd and AUC<sub>0-180min </sub>β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) were significantly higher. There was a small but significantly higher AUC<sub>0-180min </sub>glycerol Ra (measure of lipolysis) with dapagliflozin. Non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were not different between treatments.</p> <p>When divided by BMI>27 and <27kg/m<sup>2</sup>, basal glucose Ra and BOHB, and AUC<sub>0-180min </sub>glycerol Ra were significantly higher in the low BMI group with dapaglifozin versus placebo treatment.</p> <p><br></p><p>Conclusions: During insulin withdrawal the increase in BOHB with dapaglifozin may be partially due to increased lipolysis. However reduced renal excretion, reduced BOHB uptake by peripheral tissues or a metabolic switch to increase ketogenesis within the liver may also play a role. <u></u></p>

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