scholarly journals Current diagnostic tools and management modalities of Nocardia keratitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Soleimani ◽  
Ahmad Masoumi ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Mostafa Heidari ◽  
Ali A. Haydar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Lens Wear

AbstractNocardia species are an uncommon but important cause of keratitis. The purpose of this review is to discus previous published papers relation to the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of Nocardia keratitis. Nocardia asteroides is the most frequently reported from Nocardia keratitis. Pain, photophobia, blepharospasm and lid swelling are mainly clinical manifestations. Usual risk factors for Nocardia keratitis are trauma, surgery, corticosteroids, and contact lens wear. Several antibiotics were used for treatment of Nocardia infection but according to studies, topical amikacin is the drug of choice for Nocardia keratitis. Topical steroid should not prescribe in these patients. In conclusion, although Nocardia keratitis is rare, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent any scar formation and preserve a good visual acuity.

scholarly journals Personal hygiene risk factors for contact lens-related microbial keratitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000476
Author(s):  
Anna Stellwagen ◽  
Cheryl MacGregor ◽  
Roger Kung ◽  
Aristides Konstantopoulos ◽  
Parwez Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Lens Wear

ObjectiveMicrobial keratitis is a sight-threatening complication of contact lens wear, which affects thousands of patients and causes a significant burden on healthcare services. This study aims to identify compliance with contact lens care recommendations and identify personal hygiene risk factors in patients who develop contact lens-related microbial keratitis.Methods and analysisA case–control study was conducted at the University Hospital Southampton Eye Casualty from October to December 2015. Two participant groups were recruited: cases were contact lens wearers presenting with microbial keratitis and controls were contact lens wearers without infection. Participants underwent face-to-face interviews to identify lens wear practices, including lens type, hours of wear, personal hygiene and sleeping and showering in lenses. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to compare groups.Results37 cases and 41 controls were identified. Showering in contact lenses was identified as the greatest risk factor (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 8.5; p=0.03), with showering daily in lenses compared with never, increasing the risk of microbial keratitis by over seven times (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.1 to 24.6; p=0.002). Other risks included sleeping in lenses (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.6; p=0.026), and being aged 25–39 (OR, 6.38; 95% CI, 1.56 to 26.10; p=0.010) and 40–54 (OR, 4.00; 95% CI 0.96 to 16.61; p=0.056).ConclusionThe greatest personal hygiene risk factor for contact lens-related microbial keratitis was showering while wearing lenses, with an OR of 3.1, which increased to 7.1 if patients showered daily in lenses. The OR for sleeping in lenses was 3.1, and the most at-risk age group was 25–54.

Risk Factors for the Development of Corneal Infiltrative Events Associated with Contact Lens Wear

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Morgan ◽  
Nathan Efron ◽  
Noel A. Brennan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hill ◽  
Mathew K. Raynor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Lens Wear

Risk Factors for Interruption to Soft Contact Lens Wear in Children and Young Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Wagner ◽  
Robin L. Chalmers ◽  
G. Lynn Mitchell ◽  
Meredith E. Jansen ◽  
Beth T. Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Soft Contact Lens ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Lens Wear

scholarly journals How to Reduce Lasik Complications during Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Lasik Complications ◽  
Lens Wear

Most of the complications on a Lasik surgery happen during flap cut. Partial or irregular flaps, buttonholes, epithelial defects and free flaps. Risk factors for these complications include increased age, preoperative hyperopia, and years of contact lens wear. In order to avoid these complications I suggest following these steps before each surgery

scholarly journals Risk Factors, Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Bacterial Keratitis: The Nottingham Infectious Keratitis Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Shu Jeng Ting ◽  
Jessica Cairns ◽  
Bhavesh Gopal ◽  
Charlotte Ho ◽  
Lazar Krstic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Poor Visual Outcome ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Lens Wear

Background/aim: To examine the risk factors, clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognostic factors of bacterial keratitis (BK) in Nottingham, UK. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who presented to the Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, with suspected BK during 2015-2019. Relevant data, including the demographic factors, risk factors, clinical outcomes, and potential prognostic factors, were analysed. Results: A total of 283 patients (n=283 eyes) were included; mean age was 54.4+/-21.0 years and 50.9% were male. Of 283 cases, 128 (45.2%) cases were culture-positive. Relevant risk factors were identified in 96.5% patients, with ocular surface diseases (47.3%), contact lens wear (35.3%) and systemic immunosuppression (18.4%) being the most common factors. Contact lens wear was most commonly associated with P. aeruginosa whereas Staphylococci spp. were most commonly implicated in non-contact lens-related BK cases (p=0.017). At presentation, culture-positive cases were associated with older age, worse presenting corrected-distance-visual-acuity (CDVA), larger epithelial defect and infiltrate, central location and hypopyon (all p<0.01), when compared to culture-negative cases. Hospitalisation was required in 57.2% patients, with a mean length of stay of 8.0 +/- 8.3 days. Surgical intervention was required in 16.3% patients. Significant complications such as threatened/actual corneal perforation (8.8%), loss of perception of light vision (3.9%), and evisceration/enucleation (1.4%) were noted. Poor visual outcome (final corrected-distance-visual-acuity of <0.6 logMAR) and delayed corneal healing (>30 days from initial presentation) were significantly affected by age >50 years, infiltrate size >3mm, and reduced presenting vision (all p<0.05). Conclusion: BK represents a significant ocular morbidity in the UK. Culture positivity is associated with more severe disease at presentation but has no significant influence on the final outcome. Older age, large infiltrate, and poor presenting vision were predictive of poor visual outcome and delayed corneal healing, highlighting the importance of primary prevention and early intervention for BK.

scholarly journals The Risk of Contact Lens Wear and the Avoidance of Complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farihah Tariq ◽  
Peter Koay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Good Contact ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Lens Wear

Contact lenses are lenses placed on the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia (short-sightedness), hyper­metropia (far-sightedness) and astigmatism. Lens-related complications are becoming a greater health concern as increasing number of individuals are using them as an alternative to spectacles. Contact lenses alter the natural ocular environment and reduce the efficacy of the innate defences. Although many complications are minor, microbial keratitis is potentially blinding and suspected cases should be rapidly diagnosed and referred to an ophthalmologist for treatment. Several risk factors have been identified with extended wear, poor hand hygiene, inadequate lens and lens-case care being the most significant. Promotion of good contact lens hygiene and practices are essential to reduce the adverse effects of contact lens wear.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations secondary to soft contact lens wear.

1976 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruben ◽  
N. Brown ◽  
D. Lobascher ◽  
J. Chaston ◽  
J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Soft Contact Lens ◽  
Lens Wear

scholarly journals Risk factors and causative organisms in microbial keratitis in daily disposable contact lens wear

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0181343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Stapleton ◽  
Thomas Naduvilath ◽  
Lisa Keay ◽  
Cherry Radford ◽  
John Dart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Lens Wear

scholarly journals Etiology and Risk Factors for Infectious Keratitis in South Texas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Puig ◽  
Menachem Weiss ◽  
Ricardo Salinas ◽  
Daniel A Johnson ◽  
Ahmad Kheirkhah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Acanthamoeba Keratitis ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Lens Wear

Purpose: To determine the causative organisms and associated risk factors for infectious keratitis in South Texas. Methods: This retrospective study was performed at a tertiary teaching hospital system in South Texas. Medical records of all patients who presented with infectious keratitis from 2012 to 2018 were reviewed. Only patients with culture-proven bacterial, fungal, and Acanthamoeba keratitis were included. Results: In total, 182 eyes of 181 patients had culture-proven bacterial, fungal, or Acanthamoeba keratitis. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 93 years, with a mean of 48.3 ± 20.8 years. The most common etiologic agent was bacteria, with 173 bacterial cultures (95.1%) recovered, followed by 13 fungal cultures (7.1%), and 3 Acanthamoeba cultures (1.6%). Of the 218 bacterial isolates, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common (25.7%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.0%), and Moraxella (7.8%). Fusarium was the most common fungal isolate (46.2%). The most common risk factors for infectious keratitis included contact lens wear (32.4%), underlying corneal disease (17.6%), trauma (14.3%), and ocular surface disease (13.7%). Conclusions: Bacteria are the most common cause of infectious keratitis in this patient population, with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas as the most common isolates. The prevalence of culture-positive fungal keratitis is significantly lower than that of bacterial keratitis. Contact lens wear is the most common risk factor associated with infectious keratitis in South Texas.

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