scholarly journals Woody species composition and community types of Hangadi Watershed, Guji Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Tamiru ◽  
Teshome Soromessa ◽  
Bikila Warkineh ◽  
Gudina Legesse ◽  
Merga Belina
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Local People ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species Diversity ◽  
Cover Class

Abstract Background Hangadi watershed is endowed with the only virgin forest in Odo shakisso harbouring high biodiversity, but it has been suffered from anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to investigate composition and community diversity of woody species in restoration for posterity. Satellite images of 1988, 2008, and 2018 were used to classify and analyse trends of deforestation. For both woody species and topsoil (0–30 cm), 20 m × 20 m, 100 plots laid at every 300 m along line transects, 1 km apart from each other. In each sample plot, woody species ≥ 3 m were counted, Shannon–wiener diversity index, cluster analysis and ordination were computed. Results Agroforestry is found to be the dominant land use/land cover class followed by forest and cultivated land. A total of 61 woody species belonging to 34 families; 8.2% of the species were endemic to Ethiopia. The highest number of species was recorded from families Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae (5 species, 8.2%), Rutaceae, Celastraceae, and Oleaceae (3 species, 5.08%) followed by Flacourtiaceae, Meliaceae, Araliaceaae, Myrsinaceae, Moraceae, Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Spontaceae, Lauraceae and Sapindaceae (2 species each). Four woody plant communities were identified using free statistical software R version 3.1.1. The canonical correspondence analysis result showed that EC, pH, OM, altitude, C:N, CEC, sand, silt, AvP, and TN significantly affected species distribution in the watershed. Conclusion Local people involved in cutting mature woody species for timber production, making farm implements and, cultivated land expansion. Protection of woody species diversity of forest and coffee systems with low biodiversity value conservation concepts are recommended to be executed jointly by local people and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Woody Species Diversity, Structure, and Regeneration Status of Yemrehane Kirstos Church Forest of Lasta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Ayanaw Abunie ◽  
Gemedo Dalle
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species Diversity ◽  
Church Forest ◽  
North Wollo ◽  
Diversity Structure

This study is aimed at generating data on woody species diversity, structure, and regeneration status of some species and was conducted in Yemrehane Kirstos Church Forest of Lasta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Six transect lines were laid following altitudinal gradient. Quadrats of size 20 m × 20 m (400m2) were used to collect data that were established systematically at every 100 m interval along the transect lines. Data on woody species was collected from a total of 34 sampling quadrats of 400m2. To collect data on seedlings and saplings, five subplots of 1 m × 1m (1m2) size located at the four corners and centre of the main plot were used. Species diversity was determined using the Shannon-Wiener index (H′). A total of 39 woody species belonging to 38 genera and 29 families were identified in Yemrehane Kirstos Church Forest. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and evenness values for the entire forest were 2.88 and 0.79, respectively. The six most abundant woody species in their order of highest density were Juniperus procera, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Maytenus arbutifolia, Osyris quadripartita, Calpurnia aurea, and Debregeasia saeneb. The densities for mature woody species, saplings, and seedlings were 506.6, 514.7, and 415.4 individuals ha−1, respectively. The basal area of the forest is 72 m2 ha−1. The population structure and regeneration status of the forest indicated that there have been high forest degradation and severe anthropogenic disturbances in the area and, therefore, conservation of species, ecosystem restoration, and sustainable use of the forest genetic resources are recommended as a result of this study.

scholarly journals Birds species composition and abundance of a relativelly undisturbed vegetation at Mount Pati, Lokoja, Kogi State

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Dauda Tanko ◽  
Rita Chinweuba
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Avifauna of a relatively undisturbed vegetation at Mount Patti of Lokoja was surveyed from January to June, 2018. Line transect and point count techniques were used for data collection. This was done by weekly visits to the site between 6:00 h and 10:00 h of the day. Bird identification was done with the aid of a pair of binoculars, Field Guide of birds of western Africa and recorded bird calls. Monthly variation and season variation in bird composition and abundance were compared using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and equitability index. There were 39 species in 21 families encountered during the survey. The Family Nectarinidae had the highest number of 5 species, followed by Columbidae and Estrildidae with 4 species each. A total of 1,148 individuals were encountered during the six months survey with village weaver having the highest encountered rate of 107 while yellow-throated Long-claw had the least encountered rate of 4 individuals. Fluctuation was observed in the monthly encountered rate of the birds. Diversity and equitability indices had their highest values of 5.24 and 1.51 in January. More birds (696) were encountered in the wet season than the dry season (452). Four species were seen only in the wet season. Species effort curve showed that there are more species to be discover. The number of species encountered in this study revealed that the mountain is rich composition of bird species, even though the site seems to favour species that show preference to disturbed areas. The on-going anthropogenic activities probably paved way to these species to move in. Monthly and seasonal fluctuation of bird species diversity and abundance may be due to a combination of physical and biological factors. The physical and biological factors observed at the site which we speculate could be reasons for the observed fluctuations include slash and burnt system of farming, fuel-wood harvesting, intensive sporting activities creation of foot paths etc. High encountered rate indicate abundance and high activity level of the species. The village weaver was the most encountered species probably because they are known to be lousy, move in flocks and breed in colonies. In view of the rich composition and abundance of bird species on Mount Patti and the site being a suitable breeding site for the weavers. We recommend further study of the place as there are yet more species to be discovered as indicated by the species effort curve. There is need for conservation procedures to be initiated at the place and this study should serve as a baseline to initiate such programme by the state government.

scholarly journals Status of plankton diversity and biological productivity of Sahastradhara stream at Uttarakhand, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Malik ◽  
Umesh Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Plankton Diversity

The present contribution encompasses on plankton and biological productivity as ecological indicator for identifying the ecological quality of Sahastradhara stream (between 27 km stream stretches), located in the Doon Valley of Garhwal region in India. Monthly sampling from all the sampling sites was made for a period of 12 months (May 2009 – April 2010) at 9:00-11: 00 AM. A total of 40 taxa from different classes of plankton and zooplankton were reported. The phytoplankton (32 sp.) was found being the most abundant taxa than zooplankton (9 sp.) inSahastradhara stream. Fluctuation in the phytoplankton density was recorded highest (1536 unit/l) during winter and lowest (20 unit/l) during monsoon. Zooplanktons were reported to be maximum (147 unit/l) during summer and minimum (3 unit/l) during monsoon. The total diatoms were reported highest (1022unit/l) during starting the winter and lowest (4 unit/l) during monsoon. Green algae and blue green algae were reported to be maximum during winter and minimum during summer. The Shannon-wiener diversity index calculated for the density ofBacillariophyceae (0.2180-0.366), Chlorophyceae (0.208-0.367) and Cyanophyceae (0.391-0.366) and correlation was made between Plankton biomass and physico-chemical parameters to analyses the relative features of the both variables. The density of plankton and biological productivity were influenced by disturbances in the photic zone and indiscriminate anthropogenic activities for tourist development resulted aquatic habitat degradation in stream ecosystem.

scholarly journals Effect of exclosure on dryland woody species restoration in northeastern Amhara, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarek Eshetie ◽  
Tsegaye Gobezie ◽  
Seid Muhie Dawd
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Species Diversity

AbstractIn Ethiopia, among many restoration efforts to reverse deforestation and land degradation, area exclosure is one of the most common practices to restore secondary forests with assisted natural regeneration. The present study in the Sekota district, northeastern Amhara region, Ethiopia evaluated the influence of areas exclosures on woody species diversity, population structure and regeneration status. A total of 36 and 27 quadrats, each 20 m × 20 m, were used to collect data in exclosures and non-exclosures, respectively. Within quadrats, four 5 m × 5 m and 2 m × 2 m quadrats at the corners were used to sample saplings and seedlings, respectively. In exclosures, 35 woody species representing 21 families and 29 genera were recorded; 19 woody species representing 13 families and 13 genera were recorded in the non-exclosure. Acacia etbaica was the most dominant species in the two land-uses. The Shannon diversity index was 1.77 ± 0.46 in exclosures and 1.39 ± 0.46 in non-exclosures. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices showed a significant difference between the two land-uses (p < 0.01). The regeneration status of all wood species in exclosures was good, only fair in non-exclosures. Area exclosures have thus played a great role in the restoration of degraded lands by improving vegetation diversity and regeneration status. The least dominant woody species should be maintained through active restoration. Continuous follow-up, maintenance of soil water conservation structure to improve soil fertility will further help enhance the woody species diversity and abundance.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF WOODY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE STATUS ACROSS DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN THE GOLA NATURAL VEGETATION, EASTER HARARGHE, OROMIA OF ETHIOPIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulbasit Hussein ◽  
Abdulbasit Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Woody Species Diversity ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The research was carried out at Gola natural vegetation eastern Ethiopia, to identify and Woody species' diversity, richness, evenness, and population structural status will be documented, as well as their diversity, richness, evenness, and population structural status will be analyzed. Using systematic sampling procedures, the woody species diversity and population structure of species were examined in 73 quadrats, each measuring 20 m × 20 m for trees and 5 m x 5 m for shrubs and climbers, within three land use systems: farm land (FL), grazing land (GL), and protected area (PA). The diameter at breast height (DBH), richness, evenness, and density of woody species were all measured in the vegetation. The Shannon Weiner Diversity Index was used to examine the diversity of vegetation. A total of 52 woody species belonging to 33 genera, and there were 24 families found. in Gola natural vegetation. Fabaceae was represented by the highest number of species comprising 8 (18.18%), 9 (25.00%) and 8 (32%) of the total number of plant species found in PA, GL, and FL. The PA site had significantly highest population density of vegetation, followed by the GL site, while the FL site had the lowest. The total basal area of PA, GL and FL were 43.73, 31.68 and 22.62 m2/ha, respectively. PA site had significantly (P= 0.042) highest Shannon’s diversity index value with mean (3.53) than the others two land use system. This result suggests significance of anthropological disturbance like grazing and farming on woody species diversity and natural forest ecosystem appeared to be adverse dependent on the category and severity of the anthropogenic disturbances.

scholarly journals Population Status Studies and Anthropogenic Impact on Birds of Biratnagar Sub-Metropolis

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Kanchan Jha ◽  
Bharat Raj Subba
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Gradual Loss

Birds have always fascinated man by their exquisite coloration. They have their functional role in the ecosystem as potential pollinators and scavengers, indeed rightly called bioindicators. Nepal being a mega diversity centre harbors more than 873 species of birds which amounts to 10% of the world. Recently with increase consciousness for biodiversity census and monitoring, many new species have been added to the list. The subtropical climate and greenery of Biratnagar sub-metropolis provide good habitat for several bird species but in the past three decades drastic changes have taken place in the environment of this place because of anthropogenic activities and climate change. Several commonly visible birds’ species have left to turn out. Habitats of birds have shrunk here in such a way that very limited species of birds have become successful to show their representatives in this situation. Considering gradual loss of habitats because of increasing anthropogenic impacts and climate change, an attempt was made to study the present bird status of Biratnagar- sub metropolis. In twelve months of regular observation, eighty-one species of birds belonging to thirty-three families were recorded. Frequency of bird was counted by line transect method. The main five sites Tintolia- Balwahi (Latitude 26°26'32.4"N and Longitude 087°18'09.4"E), Baijnathpur, Ginaghat (Latitude 26029’59.8”N and Longitude 087017’53.2”E)”, Keshaliyakhola (Latitude 26°27'00"N and Longitude 087014.4’48.5”E), Dudhfarm (Latitude 26029’57.6”N and Longitude 087016’44.5”E) and Old airport (Latitude 26025’40.8”N Longitude 087016’34.3”E) were selected for study. On the basis of feeding habit birds recorded were carnivore 28.38%, omnivore 14.80%, insectivore 40.72%, fructivore 3.70%, grainivore 11.70% and nectivore 1.23%. The Shannon Wiener diversity index in summer and winter were found to be 3.68361 and 4.1328 respectively. The recorded birds were common 59.23%, fairly common 28.38% and 12.34% uncommon.  The main causes of declining bird population in Biratnagar were found to have been anthropogenic impacts such as encroachment of habitats and feeding and breeding areas, use of insecticides, change in land use pattern, urbanization, poaching and effect of climate change.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7796

scholarly journals Woody Species Diversity and Vegetation Structure of Wurg Forest, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Girma Boz ◽  
Melesse Maryo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Adult Trees

This study was aimed to determine woody species composition, diversity, and vegetation structure and to investigate major threats to Wurg forest, southwest Ethiopia. In order to collect vegetation data, 64 (400 m2) sample plots from eight transect lines were employed. The distances between transect lines and plots were 400 m and 200 m, respectively. DBH of woody species >2.5 cm and the height >2 m were measured and recorded. Voucher specimens were brought to the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute for identification and deposited there. R program version 12.5.2 software and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet were used to analyze plant community classification and structural analysis, respectively. A total of 76 woody species representing 40 families were recorded. Rubiaceae was the dominant family followed by Asteraceae. The average Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) and the average evenness values of Wurg forest were 3.38 and 0.90, respectively. Four plant community types were identified by using the presence/absence values of each species. The total density of woody species with DBH > 2.5 cm was 1745.3 ha−1. The DBH and height class distributions showed an inverted J-shaped pattern, which indicates a good regeneration potential of the forest. The most frequently observed species (92%) was Syzygium guineense, which contributed 46% of the total basal area. The composition of seedling, sapling, and adult trees/shrubs species was 4966.07 ha−1, 3125.78 ha−1, and 1745.27 ha−1, respectively. However, the major threat to the forest was selective cutting of some woody species for various purposes. Therefore, raising local community awareness on conservation and sustainable use of the forest and exploring various alternatives for local communities’ livelihood and promoting private and community plantations are recommendable.

scholarly journals Woody Species Diversity, Regeneration and Socioeconomic Benefits Under Natural Forest and Adjacent Coffee Agroforests at Belete Forest, Southwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-391
Author(s):  
Hana Yasin ◽  
Zerihun Kebebew ◽  
Kitessa Hundera
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Woody Species Diversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

AbstractThe southwest Ethiopian Afromontane moist forests are recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots as they are the centres of origin and domestication of Arabica coffee. But they are under threat due to deforestation and conversion to coffee farms. Coffee agroforests are believed to buffer the natural forest from these threats. The study was conducted to investigate the importance of coffee agroforest adjacent to Belete forest southwest Ethiopia. Vegetation data were collected from 68 plots (34 each) and socioeconomic data were collected from 136 households (68 each). The results showed that statistically, there were no significant differences between the natural forest and adjacent coffee agroforests in the species composition, species richness and Shannon diversity index of the woody species(P > 0.05). The socioeconomic benefit result showed a number of forest products that are collected from the coffee agroforest. There were statistically significant differences between the natural forest and coffee agroforest in the forest income and the Simpson Diversification Index of the households (p < 0.05). Coffee agroforests contribute to the conservation of woody species through the retention of woody species and reducing pressure on the natural forest. Therefore, the socioeconomic benefits of coffee agroforests must take into account the conservation of woody species in linking the conservation and development arena.

scholarly journals The Effects of Landscape Change on Plant Diversity and Structure in the Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Annissa Muhammed ◽  
Eyasu Elias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Economic Benefits

Bale Mountains National Park is one of the protected areas in Ethiopia that holds the largest area of Afroalpine habitat in Africa and the second largest stand of moist tropical forest. Nevertheless, human settlements, overgrazing, and recurrent fire are the main problems in the park. This study aimed to determine the effects of human-induced landscape change in floristic composition and structure in the park. The vegetation data were collected systematically from 96 sample plots laid along 24 line transects in the edge and interior habitats of the six land cover types. Vegetation composition and landscape structural analysis were made using R software version 3.5.2 and FRAGSTATS version 4.2.1, respectively. Patch number was strong and positively affected species richness (r = −0.90, p < 0.05 ), diversity (r = −0.96, p < 0.01 ), and basal area (r = −0.96, p < 0.001 ), whereas mean patch size was strong and negatively influenced species richness (r = 0.95, p < 0.05 ), diversity (r = 0.87, p < 0.05 ), and basal area (r = 0.82, p < 0.05 ). The overall species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Margalef index were significantly higher in the edge habitat; however, the mean basal area of woody species was significantly higher in the interior habitat at p < 0.05 . This study uncovered that the park is floristically rich and diverse, and it provides a variety of ecological and economic benefits to the surrounding community and to the nation at large. However, these benefits are gradually declining due to the high level of anthropogenic activities in the park. Thus, integrated environmental management strategy that blends with sustainable use of natural resources should be implemented to minimize the threats.

Diversité floristique spontanée des plantations de café et de cacao dans la forêt classée de Monogaga, Côte d'Ivoire | Spontaneous floristic diversity of cocoa and coffee plantations in the classified forest of Monogaga, Côte d'Ivoire (reviewed paper)

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constant Yves Adou Yao ◽  
Edouard Kouakou N'Guessan
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
High Tree Density

The inventory and the analysis of the woody species preserved in the different categories of cocoa and coffee plantations showed that they are relatively diversified (presence of endemic, rare and threatened species). They also preserved high tree density and high basal areas. The young plantations are especially diversified. Their number of species,density and basal areas and diversity index are similar to those of the neighbouring old growth and secondary forests. Older plantations display a sharp decline of diversity over time. Agricultural practices in the region represent a threat in the medium term to the preservation of biodiversity.

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