scholarly journals Correction to: Galectins from Onchocerca ochengi and O. volvulus and their immune recognition by Wistar rats, Gudali zebu cattle and human hosts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngwafu Nancy Ngwasiri ◽  
Norbert W. Brattig ◽  
Dieudonné Ndjonka ◽  
Eva Liebau ◽  
Archile Paguem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Galectins from Onchocerca ochengi and O. volvulus and their immune recognition by Wistar rats, Gudali zebu cattle and human hosts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngwafu Nancy Ngwasiri ◽  
Norbert W. Brattig ◽  
Dieudonné Ndjonka ◽  
Eva Liebau ◽  
Archile Paguem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi

Abstract Background During the last two decades research on animal filarial parasites, especially Onchocerca ochengi, infecting cattle in savanna areas of Africa revealed that O. ochengi as an animal model has biological features that are similar to those of O. volvulus, the aetiological agent of human onchocerciasis. There is, however, a paucity of biochemical, immunological and pathological data for O. ochengi. Galectins can be generated by parasites and their hosts. They are multifunctional molecules affecting the interaction between filarial parasites and their mammalian hosts including immune responses. This study characterized O. ochengi galectin, verified its immunologenicity and established its immune reactivity and that of Onchocerca volvulus galectin. Results The phylogenetic analysis showed the high degree of identity between the identified O. ochengi and the O. volvulus galectin-1 (ß-galactoside-binding protein-1) consisting only in one exchange of alanine for serine. O. ochengi galectin induced IgG antibodies during 28 days after immunization of Wistar rats. IgG from O. ochengi-infected cattle and O. volvulus-infected humans cross-reacted with the corresponding galectins. Under the applied experimental conditions in a cell proliferation test, O. ochengi galectin failed to significantly stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from O. ochengi-infected cattle, regardless of their parasite load. Conclusion An O. ochengi galectin gene was identified and the recombinantly expressed protein was immunogenic. IgG from Onchocerca-infected humans and cattle showed similar cross-reaction with both respective galectins. The present findings reflect the phylogenetic relationship between the two parasites and endorse the appropriateness of the cattle O. ochengi model for O. volvulus infection research.

Reproductive biology of Onchocerca ochengi, a nodule forming filarial nematode in zebu cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C. Hildebrandt ◽  
Albert Eisenbarth ◽  
Alfons Renz ◽  
Adrian Streit
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Filarial Nematode ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi

Immune recognition of excretory and secretory products of the filarial nematode Onchocerca ochengi in cattle and human sera

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Djafsia ◽  
D. Ndjonka ◽  
J.V. Dikti ◽  
S. van Hoorn ◽  
K. Manchang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Filarial Nematode ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
River Blindness ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
Human Sera

Abstract Excretory–secretory (ES) products of nematodes and other helminths are the first molecules to interact with cell surfaces and soluble proteins within the host. In the present study, ES products of the filarial nematode Onchocerca ochengi were investigated as a model for Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness. These products were collected from adult and larval stages in vitro over a period of 7 days, to compare their immunological recognition in cattle and human sera, infected with species of Onchocerca. From the 156 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) ES products or extracts, protein bands showed different patterns between female and male products. A comparison of antibody recognition of the different ES products by sera from infected cattle and humans, when analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), revealed a relatively higher reactivity of the female somatic extract to human and cattle sera compared to ES products of both genders. Nevertheless, similar reactivity of the O. ochengi male and female ES products to human and cattle sera was noticed. As a result, the interaction of ES products with the surface of the host and immune system often led to host responses, including the generation of antibodies. The O. ochengi ES products are therefore good sources of potential immunogenic proteins. The identification of these ES products is in progress, with the aim of developing vaccine candidates against human onchocerciasis.

scholarly journals Effects of an injectable long-acting formulation of ivermectin on Onchocerca ochengi in zebu cattle

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Michel Boussinesq ◽  
Peter Enyong ◽  
Patrick Chounna-Ndongmo ◽  
Abdel-Jelil Njouendou ◽  
Sébastien David Pion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
Group A ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Group B ◽  
Skin Samples

The availability of a safe macrofilaricidal drug would help to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination. A trial was conducted in Cameroon to evaluate the effects of a subcutaneous injectable long-acting formulation of ivermectin (LAFI) on the microfilariae (mf) and adult stages of Onchocerca ochengi. Ten zebu cattle naturally infected with the parasite were injected subcutaneously with either 500 mg (group A, N = 4), or 1000 mg long-acting ivermectin (group B, N = 4) or the vehicle (group C, N = 2). Skin samples were collected from each animal before, and 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment to measure microfilarial densities (MFDs). Nodules excised before, and 6 and 12 months after treatment were examined histologically to assess the adult worms’ viability and reproductive status. Blood samples were collected at pre-determined time-points to obtain pharmacokinetic data. Before treatment, the average O. ochengi MFDs were similar in the three groups. Six months after treatment, all animals in groups A and B were free of skin mf, whereas those in group C still showed high MFDs (mean = 324.5 mf/g). Only one ivermectin-treated animal (belonging to group A) had skin mf 12 months after treatment (0.9 mf/g). At 24 months, another animal in group A showed skin mf (10.0 mf/g). The histologic examination of nodules at 6 and 12 months showed that LAFI was not macrofilaricidal but had a strong effect on embryogenesis. The new LAFI regimen might be an additional tool to accelerate the elimination of human onchocerciasis in specific settings.

Immune recognition ofOnchocerca volvulusproteins in the human host and animal models of onchocerciasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Manchang ◽  
I. Ajonina-Ekoti ◽  
D. Ndjonka ◽  
A. Eisenbarth ◽  
M.D. Achukwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
River Blindness ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Hyperendemic Area ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractOnchocerca volvulusis a tissue-dwelling, vector-borne nematode parasite of humans and is the causative agent of onchocerciasis or river blindness. Natural infections of BALB/c mice withLitomosoides sigmodontisand of cattle withOnchocerca ochengiwere used as models to study the immune responses toO. volvulus-derived recombinant proteins (OvALT-2,OvNLT-1,Ov103 andOv7). The humoral immune response ofO. volvulus-infected humans againstOvALT-2,OvNLT-1 andOv7 revealed pronounced immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres which were, however, significantly lower than against the lysate ofO. volvulusadult female worms. Sera derived from patients displaying the hyperreactive form of onchocerciasis showed a uniform trend of higher IgG reactivity both to the single proteins and theO. volvuluslysate. Sera derived fromL. sigmodontis-infected mice and from calves exposed toO. ochengitransmission in a hyperendemic area also contained IgM and IgG1 specific forO. volvulus-derived recombinant proteins. These results strongly suggest thatL. sigmodontis-specific andO. ochengi-specific immunoglobulins elicited during natural infection of mice and cattle cross-reacted withO. volvulus-derived recombinant antigens. MonitoringO. ochengi-infected calves over a 26-month period, provided a comprehensive kinetic of the humoral response to infection that was strictly correlated with parasite load and occurrence of microfilariae.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
G. Ilse ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
T. Sano ◽  
L. Stefaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

Surface epithelial ultrastructure of the polycystic ovary in the BB wistar rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
R. C. Kaufmann ◽  
F. K. Khosho ◽  
K. S. Amankwah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Chemical Diabetes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Diabetes decreases the fertility of females, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In our investigations, we have found that 13% of the female BB Wistar rats that spontaneously developed chemical diabetes had persistent estrous. In this study the ovaries of these rats were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and compared to normal-cycling controls as well as to rats that had developed polycystic ovaries(PCO) by exposure to constant 1ight.

Structural and functional renal alterations in five-sixth nephrectomized rats on unrestricted diet

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
I. Stachura ◽  
M. Pardo ◽  
J. Costello ◽  
D.M. Landwehr
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Unrestricted Diet ◽  
Progressive Renal Insufficiency

Under experimental conditions severe reduction of renal mass results in the hyperfiltration of the remaining nephrons leading to a progressive renal insufficiency. Similar changes are observed in patients with various renal disorders associated with a loss of the functioning nephrons. The progression of renal damage is accelerated by high protein and phosphate intake, and may be modified by the dietary restrictions.We studied 50 five-sixth nephrectarrized male Wistar rats on a standard diet (Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001 Ralston Purina Co., Richmond, Indiana; containing 23.4% protein) over a 20 week period.

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