Structural and functional renal alterations in five-sixth nephrectomized rats on unrestricted diet

Under experimental conditions severe reduction of renal mass results in the hyperfiltration of the remaining nephrons leading to a progressive renal insufficiency. Similar changes are observed in patients with various renal disorders associated with a loss of the functioning nephrons. The progression of renal damage is accelerated by high protein and phosphate intake, and may be modified by the dietary restrictions.We studied 50 five-sixth nephrectarrized male Wistar rats on a standard diet (Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001 Ralston Purina Co., Richmond, Indiana; containing 23.4% protein) over a 20 week period.

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Dietary Choline Deprivation Exacerbates Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Adult Rats

Diabetology ◽

10.3390/diabetology2040017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 190-204

Author(s):

Ahmed Al-Humadi ◽

Athina Strilakou ◽

Hussam Al-Humadi ◽

Rafal Al-Saigh ◽

Emmanouel Agapitos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Myocardial Dysfunction ◽

Posterior Wall ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Myocardial Inflammation ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Choline (Ch) is an essential molecule of substantial importance for the optimal development and function of several biological systems. Ch deprivation has been linked with abnormal fat metabolism, insulin resistance, and myocardial dysfunction. The current study provides evidence of an exacerbation of streptozotocin-induced cardiomyopathy in adult diabetic Wistar rats by dietary Ch deprivation through the administration of a Ch-deprived diet (CDD). Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups: control, diabetic (DM), choline-deprived through choline-deprived diet (CD), and diabetic choline-deprived (DM + CD). After five weeks of dietary intervention, myocardium echocardiographic and histological assessments were performed. Choline-deprived diabetic rats exhibited significantly slower heart rate, significantly higher myocardial ejection velocity and left ventricle wall tension index with a concomitant significant decreased LV posterior wall thickness as compared to diabetic rats fed on a standard diet. Moreover, histopathological evidence demonstrated an exacerbation of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis associated with significant up-regulation of VEGF expression in the diabetic rat myocardium as a result of Ch deprivation. The study’s findings are of particular significance since the examined experimental approach introduces a previously uncharacterised comorbidity simulation with regards to myocardial structure and functional profiling.

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Anxiety-related behavior in hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload in rats: role of the brain oxidative stress

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2015-0581 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1074-1082 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dragan Hrncic ◽

Jelena Mikić ◽

Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽

Milica Velimirović ◽

Tihomir Stojković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Open Field ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Brain Oxidative Stress ◽

The Brain

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a methionine-enriched diet on anxiety-related behavior in rats and to determine the role of the brain oxidative status in these alterations. Adult male Wistar rats were fed from the 30th to 60th postnatal day with standard or methionine-enriched diet (double content comparing with standard diet: 7.7 g/kg). Rats were tested in open field and light–dark tests and afterwards oxidative status in the different brain regions were determined. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine-enriched diet in this study decreased the number of rearings, as well as the time that these animals spent in the center of the open field, but increased index of thigmotaxy. Oxidative status was selectively altered in the examined regions. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the cortex and nc. caudatus of rats developing hyperhomocysteinemia, but unaltered in the hippocampus and thalamus. Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload increased anxiety-related behavior in rats. These proanxiogenic effects could be, at least in part, a consequence of oxidative stress in the rat brain.

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Effect of Kefir, Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and the Association Between Yacon and Kefir on Intestinal Physiology in Rats With Colon Cancer

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab037_019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 309-309

Author(s):

Neuza Costa ◽

Keila Zanardi ◽

Caroline Woelffel ◽

Andre Costa ◽

Mirelle Viana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Intestinal Permeability ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Diet Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽

Intestinal Physiology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of consumption of yacon flour, kefir and the association between them on colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in male Wistar rats, SCFA production, fecal pH and intestinal permeability. Methods The study was conducted with 60 adult Wistar rats divided into 5 groups. For 5 weeks, groups T, Y, K and YK received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to induce colon cancer. After 5 weeks of DMH administration, animals in groups C and T received the standard diet, group Y received a diet with yacon flour with 5% FOS, group K received 1mL /day of kefir and the YK group received a diet with yacon and kefir, for 15 weeks. After euthanasia, intestinal lesions, intraluminal pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and intestinal permeability were analyzed. Results An increase in macroscopic lesions was observed in groups K (58%) and YK (42%) and a reduction of 5% in group Y, compared to group T. In addition, an increase in neoplastic changes was observed in all groups compared to group T: Y (33%), K (67%) and YK (78%). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of acetate and proprionate, pH, lactulose and mannitol between groups, and butyrate was not found in the samples. Conclusions The consumption of yacon flour, kefir and their association did not influence intestinal physiology and promoted the worsening of the development of colon carcinogenesis in rats. Funding Sources FAPES - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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High-Salt Diet in the Pre- and Postweaning Periods Leads to Amygdala Oxidative Stress and Changes in Locomotion and Anxiety-Like Behaviors of Male Wistar Rats

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779080 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Ernesto de Pinho Tavares Leal ◽

Alexandre Alves da Silva ◽

Arthur Rocha-Gomes ◽

Tania Regina Riul ◽

Rennan Augusto Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Redox State ◽

Redox Status ◽

High Salt ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Male Wistar Rats

High-salt (HS) diets have recently been linked to oxidative stress in the brain, a fact that may be a precursor to behavioral changes, such as those involving anxiety-like behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the amygdala redox status after consuming a HS diet in the pre- or postweaning periods. This study aimed to evaluate the amygdala redox status and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, after inclusion of HS diet in two periods: preconception, gestation, and lactation (preweaning); and only after weaning (postweaning). Initially, 18 females and 9 male Wistar rats received a standard (n = 9 females and 4 males) or a HS diet (n = 9 females and 5 males) for 120 days. After mating, females continued to receive the aforementioned diets during gestation and lactation. Weaning occurred at 21-day-old Wistar rats and the male offspring were subdivided: control-control (C-C)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9–11), control-HS (C-HS)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9–11), HS-C—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9–11), and HS-HS—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9–11). At adulthood, the male offspring performed the elevated plus maze and open field tests. At 152-day-old Wistar rats, the offspring were euthanized and the amygdala was removed for redox state analysis. The HS-HS group showed higher locomotion and rearing frequency in the open field test. These results indicate that this group developed hyperactivity. The C-HS group had a higher ratio of entries and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test in addition to a higher head-dipping frequency. These results suggest less anxiety-like behaviors. In the analysis of the redox state, less activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the amygdala were shown in the amygdala of animals that received a high-salt diet regardless of the period (pre- or postweaning). In conclusion, the high-salt diet promoted hyperactivity when administered in the pre- and postweaning periods. In animals that received only in the postweaning period, the addition of salt induced a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors. Also, regardless of the period, salt provided amygdala oxidative stress, which may be linked to the observed behaviors.

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Erythropoietin attenuates experimental haemorrhagic shock-induced renal damage through an iNOS- dependent mechanism in male Wistar rats

Injury ◽

10.1016/j.injury.2017.01.010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Ranjbaran ◽

M. Kadkhodaee ◽

B. Seifi ◽

M. Adelipour ◽

B. Azarian

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Haemorrhagic Shock ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Dependent Mechanism

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Effects of Virgin Olive Oil on Blood Pressure and Renal Aminopeptidase Activities in Male Wistar Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5388

Author(s):

Germán Domínguez-Vías ◽

Ana Belén Segarra ◽

Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez ◽

Isabel Prieto

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Renal Medulla ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Sympathetic Nervous

High saturated fat diets have been associated with the development of obesity and hypertension, along with other pathologies related to the metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, has been proposed as a dietary factor capable of positively regulating cardiovascular function. These effects have been linked to changes in the local renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The main goal of this study was to analyze the role of two dietary fat sources on aminopeptidases activities involved in local kidney RAS. Male Wistar rats (six months old) were fed during 24 weeks with three different diets: the standard diet (S), the standard diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (20%) (VOO), or the standard diet enriched with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) (Bch). Kidney samples were separated in medulla and cortex for aminopeptidase activities (AP) assay. Urine samples were collected for routine analysis by chemical tests. Aminopeptidase activities were determined by fluorometric methods in soluble (sol) and membrane-bound (mb) fractions of renal tissue, using arylamide derivatives as substrates. After the experimental period, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) values were similar in standard and VOO animals, and significantly lower than in the Bch group. At the same time, a significant increase in GluAP and IRAP activities were found in renal medulla of Bch animals. However, in VOO group the increase of GluAP activity in renal medulla was lower, while AspAP activity decreased in the renal cortex. Furthermore, the VOO diet also affected other aminopeptidase activities, such as TyrAP and pGluAP, related to the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the metabolic rate. These results support the beneficial effect of VOO in the regulation of SBP through changes in local AP activities of the kidney.

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Pengaruh Bubur Pisang Isomaltosa-oligosakarida dan Fibercreme terhadap Kadar Glukosa dan Lipida Darah serta Profil Digesta Tikus Diabetes

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.43742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

Yustinus Marsono ◽

Priyanto Triwitono ◽

Elisabeth Desy Arianti ◽

Hendrik Gunawan ◽

Rochmad Indrawanto

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Triglyceride Level ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Lipid Concentration ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Dietary fiber and resistant starch are known to be beneficial in lowering both glucose and lipid concentration in human. Fibercreme, a fiber rich product has been developed. It is a commercial non-dairy creamer that uses various oligosaccharides such as Isomaltose-oligosaccharides (IMO) or inulin as fiber source to replace the glucose component of conventional creamer. In this study, IMO and fibercreme were used to replace sucrose of the banana porridge. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine porridge effects on glucose, triglyceride, serum cholesterol and digesta profile in diabetic STZ-NA induced rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups and fed four different diets including the standard (KS and KN), banana porridge with sweetener IMO (BP+IMO), fibercreme (BP+FC) and (BP + Sukrosa). In these diets, porridge subtituted 30% energy of the standard diet, and the intervention was conducted for 28 days. It was found that banana-IMO porridge showed the lowest decrease in serum glucose level with 56.09%, followed by banana-fibercreme (47.61%) and bananasucrose (36.61%). Furthermore, similar trend was found in their cholesterol-lowering effects with 36.82%, 25.68% and 7.86% respectively. However, triglyceride level effects were highest in banana-IMO porridge (9.06%), followed by banana-sucrose (6.47%) and banana-fibercreme (3.72%). In addition, sucrose replacement with IMO increases weight and water content, as well as decrease caecal digesta pH. However, fibercreme increases only water content and does not decrease caecal digesta pH.

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Multi-criteria assessment of pea protein quality in rats: a comparison between casein, gluten and pea protein alone or supplemented with methionine

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520002883 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florence M. Guillin ◽

Claire Gaudichon ◽

Laetitia Guérin-Deremaux ◽

Catherine Lefranc-Millot ◽

Dalila Azzout-Marniche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Young Male ◽

Diet Group ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Pea Protein ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Amino Acid Score ◽

The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional quality of pea protein isolate in rats and to evaluate the impact of methionine (Met) supplementation. Several protein diets were studied: pea protein, casein, gluten, pea protein–gluten combination and pea protein supplemented with Met. Study 1: Young male Wistar rats (n 8/group) were fed the test diets ad libitum for 28 d. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was measured. Study 2: Adult male Wistar rats (n 9/group) were fed the test diets for 10 d. A protein-free diet group was used to determine endogenous losses of N. The rats were placed in metabolism cages for 3 d to assess N balance, true faecal N digestibility and to calculate the Protein Digestible-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). They were then given a calibrated meal and euthanised 6 h later for collection of digestive contents. The true caecal amino acid (AA) digestibility was determined, and the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) was calculated. Met supplementation increased the PER of pea protein (2·52 v. 1·14, P < 0·001) up to the PER of casein (2·55). Mean true caecal AA digestibility was 94 % for pea protein. The DIAAS was 0·88 for pea protein and 1·10 with Met supplementation, 1·29 for casein and 0·25 for gluten. Pea protein was highly digestible in rats under our experimental conditions, and Met supplementation enabled generation of a mixture that had a protein quality that was not different from that of casein.

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Effects of various levels of dietary Artemisia abyssinica leaves on rats

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367700780384744 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. E. I. Adam ◽

A. A. Al-Qarawi ◽

E. A. Elhag

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Total Protein ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Artemisia abyssinica leaves, a traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders, were fed to male Wistar rats at 2% and 10% of the standard diet for 6 weeks. A 2% A. abyssinica leaf diet was not toxic to rats. Depression in growth, hepatopathy and nephropathy were observed in rats fed a diet containing 10% of A. abyssinica leaves. These findings were accompanied by leukopenia, anaemia and alterations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities with changes in concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and urea.

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