Abstract
Background
Previous studies have reported the prognostic value of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in the course of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the utility of the AIP for prediction is unknown among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study which randomized 10,251 patients with long-lasting T2DM. ROC curve analysis was used to determine an optimal threshold for AIP and the study population was divided into high and low AIP groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to find the association between AIP and primary (MACEs) and second outcomes (all-cause mortality). Stratified analyses were performed to control the confounding factors.
Results
AIP was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of T2DM (HR = 1.309; 95% CI, 1.084–1.581; P = 0.005). The threshold for AIP was determined to be 0.34 among the study population. After adjustments for confounding factors, multivariate analysis showed that AIP was associated with the risk of MACEs (Model 1: HR = 1.333, 95%CI: 1.205–1.474, P༜0.001; Model 2: HR = 1.171, 95%CI: 1.030–1.333, P = 0.016; Model 3: HR = 1.194, 95%CI: 1.049–1.360, P = 0.007) and all-cause mortality (Model 1: HR = 1.184, 95%CI: 1.077–1.303, P༜0.001), especially cardiovascular deaths (Model 1: HR = 1.422, 95%CI: 1.201–1.683, P༜0.001; Model 3: HR = 1.264, 95%CI: 1.015–1.573, P = 0.036) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (Model 1: HR = 1.447, 95%CI: 1.255–1.669, P༜0.001; Model 2: HR = 1.252, 95%CI: 1.045–1.499, P = 0.015; Model 3: HR = 1.284, 95%CI: 1.071–1.539, P = 0.007). Subgroup stratified analyses showed that AIP might interact with gender, a classical risk factor of cardiovascular events.
Conclusions
Our study showed that AIP might be a strong biomarker that could be used to predict the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM.