scholarly journals The role of concern about falling on stepping performance during complex activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaira Viaje ◽  
Geert Crombez ◽  
Stephen R. Lord ◽  
Jacqueline C. T. Close ◽  
Perminder Sachdev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Older People ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Visuospatial Task ◽  
General Concern

Abstract Background There is limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms explaining the role of concern about falling on fall risk in older people. Anxiety is known to interact with cognitive resources and, as people get older, they require more cognitive resources to maintain balance. This might affect an individual’s ability to perform cognitive-motor tasks concurrently. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a visuospatial dual-task on stepping performance in older people with and without concern about falling and the impact of repeating this task in those with high concern about falling. Methods Three-hundred-eight community-dwelling older people, aged 70 to 90 years old, participated in the study. Participants were asked to perform a Choice Stepping Reaction Time (CSRT) task in two conditions; once without any other tasks (single task condition), and once while simultaneously performing a visuospatial task (dual-task condition). Participants were asked to rate their levels of concern and confidence specifically related to each of the 25 stepping trials (before/after). We also measured general concern about falling, affect, and sensorimotor and cognitive functioning. Results Total stepping reaction times increased when participants also performed the visuospatial task. The relation between general concern about falling and stepping reaction time, was affected by sensorimotor and executive functioning. Generalised linear mixed models showed that the group with moderate to high levels of general concern about falling had slower total stepping reaction times than those with lower levels of concern about falling, especially during the dual-task condition. Individuals with greater general concern about falling showed reduced confidence levels about whether they could do the stepping tasks under both conditions. Repeatedly performing the stepping task reduced the immediate task-specific concern about falling levels and increased confidence in all participants. Conclusions These findings reveal that people with higher general concern about falling experienced more difficulties during a dual-task condition than people with lower levels of concern. Of further interest, better sensorimotor and cognitive functioning reduced this effect. Graded exposure has potential to reduce concern about falling during fear-evoking activities, especially in conjunction with therapies that improve balance, mood and cognitive function.

2BALANCE: Test-retest reliability of a cognitive-motor dual-task protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Maya Danneels ◽  
Ruth Van Hecke ◽  
Laura Leyssens ◽  
Dirk Cambier ◽  
Raymond van de Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

PURPOSE: Aside from typical symptoms such as dizziness and vertigo, persons with vestibular disorders often have cognitive and motor problems. These symptoms have been assessed in single-task condition. However, dual-tasks assessing cognitive-motor interference might be an added value as they reflect daily life situations better. Therefore, the 2BALANCE protocol was developed. In the current study, the test-retest reliability of this protocol was assessed. METHODS: The 2BALANCE protocol was performed twice in 20 healthy young adults with an in-between test interval of two weeks. Two motor tasks and five different cognitive tasks were performed in single and dual-task condition. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the standard error of measurement, and the minimal detectable difference were calculated. RESULTS: All cognitive tasks, with the exception of the mental rotation task, had favorable reliability results (0.26≤ICC≤0.91). The dynamic motor task indicated overall substantial reliability values in all conditions (0.67≤ICC≤0.98). Similar results were found for the static motor task during dual-tasking (0.50≤ICC≤0.92), but were slightly lower in single-task condition (–0.26≤ICC≤0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The 2BALANCE protocol was overall consistent across trials. However, the mental rotation task showed lowest reliability values.

scholarly journals Impaired attentional modulation of sensorimotor control and cortical excitability in schizophrenia

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 2149-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Carment ◽  
Lucile Dupin ◽  
Laura Guedj ◽  
Maxime Térémetz ◽  
Marie-Odile Krebs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Sensorimotor Control ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Force Tracking

Abstract Impairments in attentional, working memory and sensorimotor processing have been consistently reported in schizophrenia. However, the interaction between cognitive and sensorimotor impairments and the underlying neural mechanisms remains largely uncharted. We hypothesized that altered attentional processing in patients with schizophrenia, probed through saccadic inhibition, would partly explain impaired sensorimotor control and would be reflected as altered task-dependent modulation of cortical excitability and inhibition. Twenty-five stabilized patients with schizophrenia, 17 unaffected siblings and 25 healthy control subjects were recruited. Subjects performed visuomotor grip force-tracking alone (single-task condition) and with increased cognitive load (dual-task condition). In the dual-task condition, two types of trials were randomly presented: trials with visual distractors (requiring inhibition of saccades) or trials with addition of numbers (requiring saccades and addition). Both dual-task trial types required divided visual attention to the force-tracking target and to the distractor or number. Gaze was measured during force-tracking tasks, and task-dependent modulation of cortical excitability and inhibition were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In the single-task, patients with schizophrenia showed increased force-tracking error. In dual-task distraction trials, force-tracking error increased further in patients, but not in the other two groups. Patients inhibited fewer saccades to distractors, and the capacity to inhibit saccades explained group differences in force-tracking performance. Cortical excitability at rest was not different between groups and increased for all groups during single-task force-tracking, although, to a greater extent in patients (80%) compared to controls (40%). Compared to single-task force-tracking, the dual-task increased cortical excitability in control subjects, whereas patients showed decreased excitability. Again, the group differences in cortical excitability were no longer significant when failure to inhibit saccades was included as a covariate. Cortical inhibition was reduced in patients in all conditions, and only healthy controls increased inhibition in the dual-task. Siblings had similar force-tracking and gaze performance as controls but showed altered task-related modulation of cortical excitability and inhibition in dual-task conditions. In patients, neuropsychological scores of attention correlated with visuomotor performance and with task-dependant modulation of cortical excitability. Disorganization symptoms were greatest in patients with weakest task-dependent modulation of cortical excitability. This study provides insights into neurobiological mechanisms of impaired sensorimotor control in schizophrenia showing that deficient divided visual attention contributes to impaired visuomotor performance and is reflected in impaired modulation of cortical excitability and inhibition. In siblings, altered modulation of cortical excitability and inhibition is consistent with a genetic risk for cortical abnormality.

scholarly journals Gait symmetry in the dual task condition as a predictor of future falls among independent older adults: a 2-year longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gillain ◽  
Mohamed Boutaayamou ◽  
Cedric Schwartz ◽  
Nadia Dardenne ◽  
Olivier Bruyère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Gait Symmetry

scholarly journals Effects of a Dual-Task Paradigm and Gait Velocity on Dynamic Gait Stability during Stair Descent

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qipeng Song ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Cui Zhang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Dynamic Gait

Falls during stair negotiation have become one of the leading causes of accidental death. The effects of a concurrent cognitive or manual dual-task paradigm on dynamic gait stability remain uncertain. How much dynamic gait stability is influenced by gait velocity is also not clear. A total of 16 healthy young females descended a staircase under three different walking conditions: descend stairs only (single task), descend stairs while performing subtraction (cognitive dual-task), and descend stairs while carrying a glass of water (manual dual-task). An eight-camera Vicon motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate embedded into the third step of the staircase were used synchronously to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Gait velocity decreased and dynamic gait stability increased with both cognitive and manual dual-task conditions. The center of mass–center of pressure inclination angle increased with gait velocity but decreased with the manual dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition. Changes in gait velocity caused by the dual-task paradigm can partially explain the effects of dual-task dynamic gait stability. The influence of gait velocity should be considered in the assessment of dual-task effects.

The effect of a perceptual cognitive task on exercise performance: the dual-task condition after brain injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Dawes ◽  
Janet Cockburn ◽  
N K Roach ◽  
Derick T Wade ◽  
Andrew Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition

Effects of Uncertainties of Time and Occurrence on Reaction Time of Mentally Handicapped Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Surburg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Time Task

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of uncertainties of time and occurrence on reaction time of mildly handicapped students. 33 students were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: no catch-trials, 10% catch-trials, and 20% catch-trials. Randomly varied foreperiods of 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 sec. were used in a reaction time task. The role of catch-trials varied over four days of testing. Reaction times following 3.0- and 4.5-sec. were significantly faster than measurements following a 1.5-sec. foreperiod.

scholarly journals The Dual-task Condition Affects Motor Adaptation Responses during Gait

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-603
Author(s):  
Keita HONDA ◽  
Shigehito MATSUBARA
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition
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