scholarly journals Perceived discrimination and health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in India: results of a national survey in 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Poor Physical Health ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours

Abstract Background The study aimed to estimate the associations between perceived discrimination and poor physical health, poor mental health, and health risk behaviours in middle-aged and older adults in a national population survey in India. Methods The sample included 72,262 middle-aged and older adults from a cross-sectional national community dwelling survey in India in 2017–2018. Results The prevalence of moderate (1–2 types) perceived discrimination was 10.7%, and high (3–6 types) perceived discrimination was 6.6%. In the final adjusted logistic, linear or Poisson regression analyses, moderate and/or high perceived discrimination was significantly positively associated with poor mental health (low life satisfaction, poor cognitive functioning, insomnia symptoms, and depressive symptoms), poor physical health (pain conditions count, and functional limitations), and health risk behaviours (heavy episodic drinking and physical inactivity). Conclusion Perceived discrimination is associated with poor mental health, poor physical health, and health risk behaviour, emphasising the need to consider perceived discrimination in various physical and mental health contexts.

Physical Health Risk Behaviours in Young People with Mental Illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea McCloughen ◽  
Kim Foster ◽  
Nikka Marabong ◽  
David Miu ◽  
Judith Fethney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours

scholarly journals Perceived Discrimination Trajectories and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Black Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellee White ◽  
Bethany A Bell ◽  
Shuo J Huang ◽  
David R Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background and Objectives Perceived discrimination is a risk factor for poor mental health. However, most studies measure discrimination at one time point, which does not account for heterogeneity in the cumulative patterning of exposure to discrimination. To address this gap, we examine the association between discrimination trajectories and depressive symptoms among black middle-aged and older adults. Research Design and Methods Data were analyzed from a subsample of black Health and Retirement Study respondents (2006–2018, N = 2926, older than 50 years). General discrimination and racial discrimination trajectories were constructed based on the Everyday Discrimination Scale using repeated measures latent profile analyses. We examined the extent to which the association between discrimination trajectories are differentially associated with depressive symptoms (8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale) using negative binomial regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Effect modification by age and gender was tested. Results Individuals in the persistently high (incident rate ratio [IRR]: 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–1.95) and moderate general discrimination trajectories (IRR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06–1.33) were more likely to have elevated depressive symptoms in comparison to those in the persistently low trajectory. This relationship was strongest among older adults aged older than 65 years. Respondents in the persistently high racial discrimination trajectory (IRR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.29–1.73) had a higher risk of elevated depressive symptoms in comparison to respondents in the persistently low trajectory. Sensitivity analyses indicated that there was an independent association between persistently high racial discrimination trajectory class and elevated depressive symptoms, after adjusting for racial discrimination measured at a single time point. Discussion and Implications Characterizing longitudinal patterns of perceived discrimination may facilitate the stratification of mental health risk and vulnerability among black middle-aged and older adults. Trajectories of racial discrimination may inform risk of worse depressive symptoms more accurately than a single assessment of discrimination.

scholarly journals Health risk behaviours among people with severe mental ill health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of linked cohort data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258349
Author(s):  
Emily Peckham ◽  
Victoria Allgar ◽  
Suzanne Crosland ◽  
Paul Heron ◽  
Gordon Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours ◽  
Severe Mental Ill Health ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Data Linkages

Background People with severe mental ill health (SMI) experience a mortality gap of 15–20 years. COVID-19 has amplified population health inequalities, and there is concern that people with SMI will be disproportionately affected. Understanding how health risk behaviours have changed during the pandemic is important when developing strategies to mitigate future increases in health inequalities. Methods We sampled from an existing cohort of people with SMI. Researchers contacted participants by phone or post to invite them to take part in a survey about how the pandemic had affected them. We asked people about their health risk behaviours and how these had changed during the pandemic. We created an index of changed behaviours, comprising dietary factors, smoking, lack of exercise, and drinking patterns. By creating data linkages, we compared their responses during pandemic restrictions to responses they gave prior to the pandemic. Outcomes 367 people provided health risk data. The mean age of the participants was 50.5 (range = 20 to 86, SD ± 15.69) with 51.0% male and 77.4% white British. 47.5% of participants reported taking less physical activity during the pandemic and of those who smoke 54.5% reported smoking more heavily. Self-reported deterioration in physical health was significantly associated with an increase in health risk behaviours (adjusted OR for physical health 1.59, 95%CI 1.22–2.07; adjusted OR for Age 0.99, 95%CI 0.98–1.00). Interpretation COVID-19 is likely to amplify health inequalities for people with SMI. Health services should target health risk behaviours for people with SMI to mitigate the immediate and long lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Health risk behaviours among people with severe mental ill health during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of linked cohort data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Peckham ◽  
Victoria Allgar ◽  
Suzanne Crosland ◽  
Paul Heron ◽  
Gordon Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours ◽  
Severe Mental Ill Health ◽  
Data Linkages

Background People with severe mental ill health (SMI) experience a mortality gap of 15-20 years. COVID-19 has amplified population health inequalities, and there is concern that people with SMI will be disproportionately affected. Understanding how health risk behaviours have changed during the pandemic is important when developing strategies to mitigate future increases in health inequalities. Methods We sampled from an existing cohort of people with SMI. Researchers contacted participants by phone or post to invite them to take part in a survey about how the pandemic had affected them. We asked people about their health risk behaviours and how these had changed during the pandemic. We created an index of changed behaviours, comprising dietary factors, smoking, lack of exercise, and drinking patterns. By creating data linkages, we compared their responses during pandemic restrictions to responses they gave prior to the pandemic. Outcomes 367 people provided health risk data. 47.5% of participants reported taking less physical activity during the pandemic and of those who smoke 54.5% reported smoking more heavily. Self-reported deterioration in physical health and younger age were significantly associated with an increase in health risk behaviours (adjusted OR for physical health 1.59, 95%CI 1.22-2.07; adjusted OR for Age 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-1.00). Interpretation COVID-19 is likely to amplify health inequalities for people with SMI. Health services should target health risk behaviours for people with SMI to mitigate the immediate and long lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identification of health risk behaviours among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Hirani ◽  
Sarah Cherian ◽  
Raewyn Mutch ◽  
Donald N Payne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Adolescent Refugees ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours

ObjectiveAdolescent refugees encounter traumatic stressors and are at risk of developing psychosocial health problems; limited research data exist internationally. This study aims to identify health risk behaviours among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia and assess the feasibility of using a standardised adolescent health questionnaire for this purpose.DesignRefugees aged 12 years and above attending a tertiary Refugee Health Service (RHS) were recruited over 12 months. Sociodemographic data were collected. Psychosocial assessments based on the ‘Home, Education/Eating, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Suicide/mental health’ (HEADSS) framework were undertaken utilising interpreters where required. Health concerns identified were managed through the RHS.ResultsA total of 122 adolescents (20 ethnicities) participated; 65% required interpreters. Median age (range) was 14 (12–17) years. Most (80%) had nuclear family separation. Almost half (49%) had a deceased/missing family member. A third (37%) had lived in refugee camps and 20% had experienced closed detention. The median time (range) since arrival in Australia was 11 (2–86) months. Every adolescent had at least one health concern identified during the psychosocial assessment. Frequency of health concerns identified in each domain were 87% for home, 66% for education, 23% for eating, 93% for activities, 5% for drugs, 88% for sexuality and 61% for suicide/mental health. Most adolescents (75%) required intervention, consisting of counselling for health risk behaviours and/or referral to health or community services.ConclusionIt is feasible to use a standardised adolescent health questionnaire to identify health risk behaviours among a cohort of ethnically diverse adolescent refugees. Use of the questionnaire identified a large burden of psychosocial health issues requiring multidisciplinary intervention.

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