scholarly journals “Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium: a cross-sectional study conducted throughout Thailand”

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rapeepun Prasertbun ◽  
Hirotake Mori ◽  
Yaowalark Sukthana ◽  
Supaluk Popruk ◽  
Teera Kusolsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. are prevalent zoonotic parasites associated with a high burden among children. To date only limited molecular epidemiological data on E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. in humans living in Thailand has been published. Methods PCR-based tools were used to detect and characterize E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene was used to investigate E. bieneusi, and the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to investigate Cryptosporidium spp., and 697 fecal samples from villagers and school children in rural areas in Thailand were analyzed. Results The infection rates were 2.15% (15/697) for E. bieneusi and 0.14% (1/697) for Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was significantly high in Loei province. Sequence analysis indicated that the Cryptosporidium isolate was C. parvum. Nine E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, EbpC, Peru12, TMH6, TMH3, TMH7, H, D, and two novel genotypes TMLH1 and TMLH2. E. bieneusi prevalence was significantly higher in male participants than in female participants, and in children aged 3–15 years than in participants aged > 15 years. Conclusions The prevalence, genotypes, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi were found to vary significantly high even in one country. Transmission routes and key animal carriers of E. bieneusi may be associated with differences in hygiene, sanitation, and cultural behaviors. Further molecular studies including longitudinal studies will be required to unveil epidemiological characteristics of these opportunistic intestinal protozoa in all over the countries.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in HIV-positive patients and evaluation of risk factors for colonization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova ◽  
Simona Gabrielli ◽  
Federica Furzi ◽  
Giovanni Luigi Milardi ◽  
Elisa Biliotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Inflammation

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protozoa in human faecal samples with uncertain impact on public health. Studies on the prevalence of Blastocystis in HIV-positive patients are limited and dated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 156 HIV-positive patients to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis-subtypes by molecular amplification and sequencing the small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA), to identify the risk factors for its transmission, to examine the relationship between the presence of the protist and gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, the evaluation of the faecal calprotectin by immunoassay from a sample of subjects was performed to evaluate the gut inflammation in Blastocystis-carriers. Results: Blastocystis-subtypes ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 were identified in 39 HIV-positive patients (25%). No correlation was found between the presence of the protist and virological or epidemiological risk factors. Blastocystis was more frequently detected in homosexual subjects (p=0.037) infected by other enteric protozoa (p= 0.0001) and with flatulence (p=0.024). No significant differences in calprotectin level was found between Blastocystis-carriers and free ones. Conclusions: Blastocystis is quite common in HIV-positive patients on ART showing in examined patients 25% prevalence. Homosexual behaviour may represent a risk factor for its transmission, while CD4 count and viremia didn’t correlate with the presence of the protist. The pathogenetic role of Blastocystis remains unclear and no gut inflammation status was detected in Blastocystis-carriers. The only symptom associated with Blastocystis was the flatulence, evidencing a link between the presence of the protist and the composition and stability of gut microbiota. Keywords: Blastocystis, subtype, PCR, HIV, Italy

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in HIV-positive patients and evaluation of risk factors for colonization

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova ◽  
Simona Gabrielli ◽  
Federica Furzi ◽  
Giovanni Luigi Milardi ◽  
Elisa Biliotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Inflammation

Abstract Background Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protozoa in human faecal samples with uncertain impact on public health. Studies on the prevalence of Blastocystis in HIV-positive patients are limited and dated. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 156 HIV-positive patients to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis-subtypes by molecular amplification and sequencing the small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA), to identify the risk factors for its transmission, to examine the relationship between the presence of the protist and gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, the evaluation of the faecal calprotectin by immunoassay from a sample of subjects was performed to evaluate the gut inflammation in Blastocystis-carriers. Results Blastocystis-subtypes ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 were identified in 39 HIV-positive patients (25%). No correlation was found between the presence of the protist and virological or epidemiological risk factors. Blastocystis was more frequently detected in homosexual subjects (p = 0.037) infected by other enteric protozoa (p = 0.0001) and with flatulence (p = 0.024). No significant differences in calprotectin level was found between Blastocystis-carriers and free ones. Conclusions Blastocystis is quite common in HIV-positive patients on ART showing in examined patients 25% prevalence. Homosexual behaviour may represent a risk factor for its transmission, while CD4 count and viremia didn’t correlate with the presence of the protist. The pathogenetic role of Blastocystis remains unclear and no gut inflammation status was detected in Blastocystis-carriers. The only symptom associated with Blastocystis was the flatulence, evidencing a link between the presence of the protist and the composition and stability of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Data

10.2196/22103 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e22103
Author(s):  
Gwang Hun Jeong ◽  
Hyo Jeong Lee ◽  
Jinhee Lee ◽  
Jun Young Lee ◽  
Keum Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background South Korea is one of the few countries that has succeeded in flattening the curve of new COVID-19 cases and avoiding a second outbreak by implementing multiple strategies, ranging from an individual level to the population level. Objective We aim to discuss the unique strategies and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and present a summary of policies implemented by the Korean government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study of epidemiological data published by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on October 1, 2020. We analyzed detailed epidemiological information of COVID-19 cases, including the number of confirmed cases and resulting deaths. Results As of October 1, 2020, a total of 23,889 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 415 deaths were reported in South Korea. In this paper, we present data on the epidemiological characteristics and transmission of the disease and discuss how the South Korean government, health care providers, and society responded to the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and the government’s successful efforts in managing the spread of the disease can provide important insights to other countries dealing with the ongoing pandemic.

scholarly journals Self-poisoning with pesticides in Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional study on 24,602 subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boshen Wang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Jinbo Wen ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Baoli Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pesticide Management ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background With an estimated > 800,000 suicide-related deaths and potentially several attempts for each death in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of self-poisoning with pesticides within the Jiangsu province in China. Methods Suicide rate was calculated the Routine Surveillance System by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stratified by gender, age and region, combined with socioeconomic and agriculture-related factors to investigate trends in suicide over the study period. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between pesticide types and pesticide-related deaths. Results In recent years, Jiangsu Province has witnessed a decrease in pesticide self-poisoning cases and consequent deaths. Among all suicides by deliberate ingestion of pesticides, the proportion of cases were mainly in the age 40, accounting for 3.43% of all cases with pesticide suicide. The proportion of suicide due to pesticide poisoning in females was markedly higher than that in males (p < 0.001). Suicide using organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was most common, with 10,303 reported cases accounting for 42.02% of all suicides. Conclusions For national responses to be effective, the characteristics of pesticide suicides should be comprehensively investigated for the formulation of corresponding prevention strategies. At present, more pesticide suicide prevention policies for the elderly people and women should be implemented, and stronger pesticide management policies should be implemented for rural areas.

scholarly journals Self-poisoning with pesticides in Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional study on 24,602 subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boshen Wang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Jinbo Wen ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Baoli Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pesticide Management ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: With an estimated >800,000 suicide-related deaths and potentially several attempts for each death in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of self-poisoning with pesticides within the Jiangsu province in China. Methods: Suicide rate was calculated the Routine Surveillance System by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stratified by gender, age and region, combined with socioeconomic and agriculture-related factors to investigate trends in suicide over the study period. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between pesticide types and pesticide-related deaths. Results: In recent years, Jiangsu Province has witnessed a decrease in pesticide self-poisoning cases and consequent deaths. Among all suicides by deliberate ingestion of pesticides, the proportion of cases were mainly in the age 40, accounting for 3.43% of all cases with pesticide suicide. The proportion of suicide due to pesticide poisoning in females was markedly higher than that in males ( p <0.001). Suicide using organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was most common, with 10,303 reported cases accounting for 42.02% of all suicides. Conclusions: For national responses to be effective, the characteristics of pesticide suicides should be comprehensively investigated for the formulation of corresponding prevention strategies. At present, more pesticide suicide prevention policies for the elderly people and women should be implemented, and stronger pesticide management policies should be implemented for rural areas.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of Hemophilia in Baghdad-Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 004695801984528
Author(s):  
Kamal Abdul Razzaq Kadhim ◽  
Faris Hasan Al-Lami ◽  
Kadhim Hussein Baldawi
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that mainly affects males. Globally, there are about 400 000 people with hemophilia and only 25% of them receive adequate treatment. There is insufficient epidemiological data on hemophilia in Iraq; so, this study was conducted to determine the trend of the prevalence and incidence and to identify certain clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with hemophilia in Baghdad, Iraq, 2016. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the 4 hemophilia centers in Baghdad. The data were compiled by reviewing all hemophilia patients’ records and the centers’ registry books between 2007 and 2016. Corresponding population data of Baghdad were obtained from the Ministry of Health. The total number of currently registered patients who are residents of Baghdad was 654. The prevalence of hemophilia increased from 7.2/100 000 males in 2007 to 15.9/100 000 males in 2016. Similarly, the incidence of hemophilia had increased from 8.4/100 000 livebirths in 2007 to 16.3/100 000 livebirths in 2016. Severe hemophilia represented 63.4% of all types. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and HIV infections were 22.9%, 0.9%, and 0.2%, respectively. Clotting factor inhibitors were positive in 11.6% and target joints were found among 45.1% of patients. About 27% were on prophylactic therapy. Only one death was recorded in 2016. The prevalence and incidence of hemophilia in Baghdad was doubled in 10-year period. The prevalence of different complications was almost close to the rates in the neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Accidents in Children under 5 Years in Yazd Province, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Sadegh Kazemi ◽  
Samaneh Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
At Home

Introduction:Accidents are one of the most important causes of injury and death across the world, including Iran. The epidemiological data play a key role in taking effective strategic decisions for their prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine the Frequency of different types of accidents in children aged under 5 years living in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on 2489 children under 5 years referred to hospitals in Yazd province were collected from March, 2015 to March, 2016, using the accidents registration forms and the related software. Chi-square test was incorporated to analyze the results using SPSS version 19. Results: The frequency of accidents in boys was 1460 (58.7%) and in girls 1029 (41.3%). Accidents occurred most frequently in April-May (n: 245, 9.8%) and the winter (n: 693, 27.8%). 93.3% of accidents occurred in the urban areas, 4.4% in the rural areas and 2.3% in outside the city and the villages. The total  number of accidents at home was 1743 (70%) and in the alleys and on the streets 495 (19%), the most frequent accident was falling (n: 743, 29.9%), followed by burns (n: 543, 21.8%) and  trauma (n: 495, 19.9%). The difference in the type of accident between different age groups was significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The comparatively higher frequency of falling, burn, trauma, as well as the accidents at home and in the winter indicate parents’ insufficient attention to home safety standards and their lack of adequate information about protection of children under5 years against the most common accidents of this age group. Planning for and intervention in these areas might help in reducing the accidents.

scholarly journals Self-poisoning with pesticides in Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional study on 24,602 subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boshen Wang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Jinbo Wen ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Baoli Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pesticide Management ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: With an estimated >800,000 suicide-related deaths and potentially several attempts for each death in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of self-poisoning with pesticides within the Jiangsu province in China. Methods: Suicide rate was calculated the Routine Surveillance System by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stratified by gender, age and region, combined with socioeconomic and agriculture-related factors to investigate trends in suicide over the study period. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between pesticide types and pesticide-related deaths.Results: In recent years, Jiangsu Province has witnessed a decrease in pesticide self-poisoning cases and consequent deaths. Among all suicides by deliberate ingestion of pesticides, the proportion of cases were mainly in the age 40, accounting for 3.43% of all cases with pesticide suicide. The proportion of suicide due to pesticide poisoning in females was markedly higher than that in males (p<0.001). Suicide using organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was most common, with 10,303 reported cases accounting for 42.02% of all suicides. Conclusions: For national responses to be effective, the characteristics of pesticide suicides should be comprehensively investigated for the formulation of corresponding prevention strategies. At present, more pesticide suicide prevention policies for the elderly people and women should be implemented, and stronger pesticide management policies should be implemented for rural areas.

Frailty and Associated Risk Factors in Elderly People with Health Examination in Rural Areas of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie GU ◽  
Haiying CHEN ◽  
Xiaoqing GU ◽  
Xiaomin SUN ◽  
Zhigang PAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Frailty is a common syndrome in elderly people, but has not been fully studied in China. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of frailty and analyze its risk factors in elderly people in rural areas of China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2016. Overall, 4323 elderly people over 60 yr were enrolled by cluster random sampling method from the Fengxian District of Shanghai, China. These subjects voluntarily participated in the health examination of the 2016 National Basic Public Health Service Program. In addition to regular examination items, frailty assessment was performed on the basis of Fried frailty phenotype criteria. Results: The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 49.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Advanced age (OR=1.44 for pre-frailty and OR=2.01 for frailty, 65-74 years old; OR=3.02 for pre-frailty and OR=14.13 for frailty,75-84 years old; OR=8.17 for pre-frailty and OR=71.71 for frailty, ≥85 years old), female (OR=1.32 for pre-frailty and OR=1.97 for frailty), stroke history (OR=1.75 for pre-frailty and OR=2.43 for frailty), vision decrease (OR=1.98 for pre-frailty and OR=2.70 for frailty), and anemia (OR=1.95 for pre-frailty and OR=3.64 for frailty) were common risk factors for both pre-frailty and frailty. Conclusion: Healthy elderly people in the rural areas of Shanghai have relatively high prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty. Advanced age, female, stroke history, decreased vision, and anemia are the risk factors for pre-frailty and frailty.

scholarly journals Self-poisoning with pesticides in Jiangsu Province, China: a cross-sectional study on 24,602 subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boshen Wang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Jinbo Wen ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Baoli Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pesticide Management ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: With an estimated >800,000 suicide-related deaths and potentially several attempts for each death in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of self-poisoning with pesticides within the Jiangsu province in China. Methods: Suicide rate was calculated the Routine Surveillance System by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stratified by gender, age and region, combined with socioeconomic and agriculture-related factors to investigate trends in suicide over the study period. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between pesticide types and pesticide-related deaths. Results: In recent years, Jiangsu Province has witnessed a decrease in pesticide self-poisoning cases and consequent deaths. Among all suicides by deliberate ingestion of pesticides, the proportion of cases were mainly in the age 40, accounting for 3.43% of all cases with pesticide suicide. The proportion of suicide due to pesticide poisoning in females was markedly higher than that in males ( p <0.001). Suicide using organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was most common, with 10,303 reported cases accounting for 42.02% of all suicides.Conclusions: For national responses to be effective, the characteristics of pesticide suicides should be comprehensively investigated for the formulation of corresponding prevention strategies. At present, more pesticide suicide prevention policies for the elderly people and women should be implemented, and stronger pesticide management policies should be implemented for rural areas.

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