Evaluation of the impact of effective management practices in mitigating the toxicity symptoms of pesticides preparation and storage in Kebbi State, Nigeria

The study Evaluated the Impact of Effective Management Practices in Mitigating the Toxicity Symptoms of Pesticides Preparation, Storage and Application in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Structured Questionnaires were used to obtained information from the respondents. Descriptive statistics comprising frequency distribution tables and percentages and were used for Data Analysis. Likert scale was used to determine farmer’s perception on the toxicity symptoms of pesticides of pesticides preparation, storage and application employed by farmers when handling pesticides. The result of the study showed that majority of the respondents (90%) were male while female formed the minority in pesticide usage with only (10%). The study also showed that all the respondents (100%) were married and engaged in agricultural activities. The study further revealed that all the respondents never had any formal training on the use of pesticide from either governmental or non -governmental organizations. The research study also found out that all (100%) of the respondents were not aware of the toxicity of pesticides during preparation, storage and application. Likert Scale Analysis showed a negative perception by farmers on awareness of pesticide toxicity during preparation, storage and application. On perception of the respondents on the toxicity of pesticides during preparation, storage and application, the study revealed that Nausea, Dizziness, Diarrhea, Respiratory Difficulty, Skin Irritation, Rashes, Fever, Peeling of the Skin, Vomiting, and Headache were the serious toxicity effects of pesticide. It is concluded that respondents had negative perception on pesticide management of toxicity of pesticides during preparation, storage and application. It is therefore recommended that appropriate authorities should enforce the use of protective clothing, appropriate equipment and correct handling practices when using pesticides. Existing pesticide regulations and monitoring policies should be enforced. Government should also intensify efforts at registering and controlling distribution of pesticides and banning hazardous ones. It should also enforce the making of less toxic pesticides available to farmers.

Pesticide Use, Perceived Health Risks and Management in Ethiopia and in Hungary: A Comparative Analysis

Pesticides play a very important role for ensuring food security and economic growth but their use can cause harmful effects to human health and to the environment. The study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge, health risk perceptions, and experiences on the practice of pesticide use and management among extension officers in Ethiopia and plant doctors in Hungary. A questionnaire survey among 326 officers was conducted in the two study areas and data were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression. According to the findings, Hungarian officers had much better knowledge of pesticide products (92%), and less frequently experienced pesticide poisoning among applicators (7%) than the Ethiopians (66% and 41%, respectively). Hungarian officers perceived less health risk of pesticide use (AOR = 0.46, 95%, Cl: 0.27–0.80), were ten times more likely to deem the pesticide management system effective (AOR = 10.23, 95%, Cl: 5.68–18.46) and were nine times more likely to report that applicators used personal protective equipment (AOR = 8.95, 95%, Cl: 4.94–16.28). A significant proportion of officers from both countries reported inappropriate methods of pesticide residue disposal. These observations point out that the situation of pesticide use and knowledge and management of pesticide products is definitely better in Hungary; nevertheless, the issue continues to need more attention in both settings.

Pesticides Information System

Agriculture is a important sector in India. Agriculture is backbone of Indian economy and it is primary sector of country. Farmers require advance or experts knowledge to take decision during soil preparation, seed selection, fertilizer management and pesticide management so that to get high yield. Day by day the population of India is increasing and to full fill the need of food modernization of agricultural sectors are important. As a population is increasing the production of food is also to be increase, so as to increase the productions of food farmers are using Pesticides to get the yield early. Pesticides are distributed equally on the farm and reduce the quantity of waste, which results in prevention of losses and wastage of input applied to farm. It will reduce the cost of production. The Pesticides system for farmers is a web-based system, which gives information relating to the clients and dealers of the company with respect to its pesticides product launches, pesticides information, pesticides requests. The farmers can easily get information through the website and easily retrieve the details of the pesticides, the amount of quantity of pesticides to be used; it will also give the information to which disease which pesticides should be used.

Suicide by pesticide ingestion in Nepal and the impact of pesticide regulation

Background Nepal recorded 5754 suicides in 2018–19 - a high number for a relatively small country. Over 24% of these suicides were by poisoning, most by ingestion of highly concentrated agricultural pesticides. Nepal has actively regulated pesticides to reduce their health impacts since 2001. We aimed to analyse Nepal’s history of pesticide regulation, pesticides responsible for poisonings, and relate them to national suicide rates. Methods Information on pesticide regulation was collected from the Plant Quarantine and Pesticide Management Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development. National data on suicides from 1980 to 2019 were obtained from the National Statistical Bureau and Nepal Police. Data on the pesticides responsible for self-poisoning and pesticide suicides over time were obtained from a systematic literature review. Results As of June 2020, 171 pesticides were registered for use in Nepal, of which one was extremely hazardous (WHO Class Ia), one other highly hazardous (WHO Class Ib), and 71 moderately hazardous (WHO Class II). Twenty-four pesticides have been banned since 2001, with eight (including five WHO Class I compounds) banned in 2019. Although the suicide rate has increased more than twelve-fold since 1980, particularly for hanging (15-fold increase from 1980 to 2018), fatal pesticide self-poisoning has increased by 13-fold. Methyl-parathion is reported to be the key pesticide responsible for pesticide self-poisoning in Nepal, despite being banned in 2006. Conclusion The full effect of the recent pesticide policy reform in Nepal remains to be seen. Our analysis shows a continuing increase in suicide numbers, despite bans of the most important pesticide in 2006. This may indicate smuggling across the border and the use of the brand name (Metacid) for pesticides in general making it difficult to identify the responsible pesticide. More information is required from forensic toxicology labs that identify the individual compounds found. The effect of recent bans of common suicide pesticides needs to be monitored over the coming years. Evidence from other Asian countries suggests that HHPs bans will lead to a marked reduction in suicides, as well as fewer cases of occupational poisoning.

Penyuluhan Risiko Keracunan Pestisida dan Pemeriksaan Kesehatan pada Ibu Hamil

Abstrak: Keracunan pestisida merupakan masalah kesehatan yang kritis pada pertanian hortikultura, akibat dari penggunaan dosis berlebihan, cara penanganan yang salah, dan tidak menggunakan APD secara lengkap. Salah satu efek kronis keracunan pestisida adalah anemia. Pada kehamilan, anemia menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan intrauterin sehingga bayi lahir BBLR dan pendek (stunted). Pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang risiko paparan pestisida, serta memeriksa kadar kolinesterase dan Hb. Penyuluhan dengan penilaian diberikan kepada 50 orang ibu hamil, dan dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan kesehatan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikans pada sebagian besar peserta (p-value0,01). Pada pemeriksaan kesehatan, didapatkan sebanyak 30% ibu hamil mengalami keracunan pestisida dan 16% anemia, menunjukkan paparan pestisida yang tinggi dan perlindungan diri yang rendah. Pada akhir kegiatan, seluruh peserta diberikan buku saku tentang pengelolaan pestisida yang aman, sebagai media pembelajaran dan perluasan informasi. Sebanyak 500 eksemplar juga diserahkan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Lampung Barat, untuk dibagikan kepada ibu hamil di kecamatan lainnya. Penyuluhan yang disertai dengan penyampaian bukti gangguan kesehatan telah mampu memicu perubahan perilaku sasaran, terlihat dari peningkatan penggunaan APD selama bekerja, dan pemeriksaan kehamilan. Pengabdian diharapkan dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dan melibatkan banyak mitra.Abstract: Pesticide poisoning is a critical health problem in horticultural agriculture due to excessive doses, wrong handling methods, and incompletely using PPE. One of the chronic effects of pesticide poisoning is anemia. In pregnancy, anemia causes intrauterine growth disorders, so that the baby is born LBW dan stunted. This community service aims to increase pregnant women's knowledge about pesticides' risks and check cholinesterase dan Hb levels. Counseling with assessments was given to 50 pregnant women, followed by taking blood samples for health checks. The services results showed a significant increase in knowledge in most participants (p-value 0.01). On the medical check, it was found that 30% of pregnant women experienced pesticide poisoning dan 16% anemia, indicating high pesticide exposure dan low self-protection. At the end of the activity, all participants were given pocketbooks on safe pesticide management as a medium for learning and expanding information. A total of 500 copies were also handed over to the West Lampung Health Office to be distributed to pregnant women in other districts. Counseling accompanied by the delivery of evidence of health problems has triggered changes in the target behavior, as seen in the increased use of PPE during work dan antenatal care. The service is expected to be carried out sustainably and involves many partners.

Management of insecticides for use in disease vector control: a global survey

Background Vector control plays a critical role in the prevention, control and elimination of vector-borne diseases, and interventions of vector control continue to depend largely on the action of chemical insecticides. A global survey was conducted on the management practices of vector control insecticides at country level to identify gaps to inform future strategies on pesticide management, seeking to improve efficacy of interventions and reduce the side-effects of chemicals used on health and the environment. Methods A survey by questionnaire on the management practices of vector control insecticides was disseminated among all WHO Member States. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics in MS Excel. Results Responses were received from 94 countries, or a 48% response rate. Capacity for insecticide resistance monitoring was established in 68–80% of the countries in most regions, often with external support; however, this capacity was largely lacking from the European & Others Region (i.e. Western & Eastern Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand). Procurement of vector control insecticides was in 50–75% of countries taking place by agencies other than the central-level procuring agency, over which the central authorities lacked control, for example, to select the product or assure its quality, highlighting the importance of post-market monitoring. Moreover, some countries experienced problems with estimating the correct amounts for procurement, especially for emergency purposes. Large fractions (29–78%) of countries across regions showed shortcomings in worker safety, pesticide storage practices and pesticide waste disposal. Shortcomings were most pronounced in countries of the European & Others Region, which has long been relatively free from mosquito-borne diseases but has recently faced challenges of re-emerging vector-borne diseases. Conclusions Critical shortcomings in the management of vector control insecticides are common in countries across regions, with risks of adverse pesticide effects on health and the environment. Advocacy and resource mobilization are needed at regional and country levels to address these challenges.

Economic and Toxicological Aspects of Pesticide Management Practices: Empirical Evidence from Turkey

The aim of this study was to evaluate the economics and toxicological aspects of pesticide management practices for sustainable chickpea production. The results of this study demonstrated that the average usage of pesticides is 877.30 g per hectare as an active ingredient in the chickpea growing. The average usages per hectare of active ingredient of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides were calculated to be 1.50 g, 638.80 g, and 237.00 g, respectively. Fungicides are the biggest pesticide group used with 72.81% of total weight of active ingredients. It was calculated that the crop protection cost was EUR 75.65 per hectare, having the portion of 12 % of average production cost. The study revealed that the most common pesticides used by the farmers in chickpea growing were moderately hazardous and non-acute hazard categories. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the government should carry out effective agro-environmental intervention policies and farmer extension programs should be aimed at balancing the amounts of pesticides used per hectare for the sustainable, dynamic environment and prevention of pesticide toxicity. Keywords: chickpea, pesticide practices, economic, toxicological, Turkey