scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of range and metabolic activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesion microenvironment using PET/CT and multi-site sampling method

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abudusalamu Aini ◽  
Maiweilidan Yimingjiang ◽  
Aimaiti Yasen ◽  
Bo Ran ◽  
Tiemin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Standard Uptake Value ◽  
Position Emission Tomography ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) lesion microenvironment (LME) is crucial site where parasite-host interactions happen and of great significance during surgery and obtaining liver samples for basic research. However, little is known about quantification of LME range and its’ metabolic activity regarding different lesion characteristics. Methods A prospective and retrospective analysis of LME from surgical AE patients was performed. Patients (n = 75) received abdominal computed tomography (CT) and position emission tomography/computed tomography using 18F-fluodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG-PET/CT) within 1 week prior to surgery. Semiquantitatively, calcification was clustered with 0%, < 50% and ≥ 50% degrees at lesion periphery; liquefaction was clustered with 0%, < 50%, 50 ~ 75%, ≥75% degrees at lesion center using volumetric ratio. Tumor to background ratio (TBR) of 18F-FDG standard uptake value (SUV, n = 75) was calculated, and range of 18F-FDG uptake area was measured; Multi-site sampling method (MSS, n = 35) was introduced to obtain histological slides to evaluate immune cell infiltrative ranges. Results Altogether six major lesion groups have been identified (A: 0% calcified, 0% liquefied; B: ≥50% calcified, 0% liquefied; C: < 50% calcified, < 50% liquefied; D: ≥50% calcified, < 50% liquefied; E: < 50% calcified, 50 ~ 75% liquefied; F: ≥50% calcified, ≥75% liquefied). Statistically, TBR values respectively were 5.1 ± 1.9, 2.7 ± 1.2, 4.2 ± 1.2, 2.7 ± 0.7, 4.6 ± 1.2, 2.9 ± 1.1 in groups A ~ F, and comparisons showed A > B, A > D, A > F, E > B, E > D, E > F, C > B, C > D, C > F (P < 0.05); LME ranges indicated by PET/CT respectively were 14.9 ± 3.9, 10.6 ± 1.5, 12.3 ± 1.1, 7.8 ± 1.6, 11.1 ± 2.3, 7.0 ± 0.4 mm in groups A ~ F, and comparisons showed A > B, A > D, A > F, A > E, C > B, C > D, C > F, E > D, E > F, B > D, B > F (P < 0.05); LME ranges indicated by MSS respectively were 17.9 ± 4.9, 13.0 ± 2.7, 11.9 ± 2.6, 6.0 ± 2.2, 11.0 ± 4.1, 6.0 ± 2.2 mm in groups A ~ F, and comparisons showed A > C, A > D, A > F, B > D, B > F, C > D, C > F (P < 0.05). Generally, less calcifications indicated higher TBR values and wider LME ranges; and, severer liquefactions indicated smaller LME ranges. Additionally, patients with previous medication history had lower TBR values. Conclusions PET/CT and MSS method showed distinct TBRs and LME ranges for different calcifications and liquefactions. This study would be able to provide references for both surgical resections of lesions and more accurate sample acquisitions for basic research targeted to immunology.

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of range and metabolic activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesion microenvironment using PET/CT and multi-site sampling method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abudusalamu Aini ◽  
Maiweilidan Yimingjiang ◽  
Aimaiti Yasen ◽  
Bo Ran ◽  
Tiemin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Necrotic Lesion ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Position Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) lesion microenvironment (LME) is crucial site where parasite-host interactions happen and of great significance during surgery and obtaining liver samples for basic research targeting immunology. However, little is known about quantification of LME range and its’ metabolic activity regarding different lesion types. Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis of LME from consecutive surgical AE cases with relevant imaging results was performed. Patients (n=39) received abdominal computed tomography (CT) and position emission tomography/computed tomography using 18F-fluodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG-PET/CT) within one week prior to surgery. Tumor to background ratios (TBRs) of standard uptake value (SUV) in PET/CT was calculated for corresponding LME regions. Multi-site sampling method (MSS, n=26) was introduced to obtain histological slides from LME at different levels off the lesion to evaluate immune cell infiltrative ranges quantitatively. At last, data was statistically analyzed from the perspective of different lesion types. Results: Altogether six major lesion categories have been identified based on different morphology and calcification pattern (A: non-calcified uniform density lesion; B: diffuse calcified solid lesion; C: half necrotic and half solid lesion with minor calcification; D: half necrotic and half solid lesion with obvious calcification; E: subtotal necrotic lesion with minor calcification; F: total necrotic lesion with obvious calcification). Statistical significances were resulted from TBRs calculation (A>B, A>D, A>F, BB+D+F, etc.). Less calcified lesions were evidenced with higher TBRs, however, not much was valuable for necrosis. The 95% CI of LME ranges were (10.0, 12.1) mm and (9.9, 14.0) mm by PET/CT and MSS. And, weak regressions between TBRs and LME ranges indicated by PET/CT or MSS (r2 respectively were 0.2436 and 0.3171) were observed. Conclusions: PET/CT showed distinct TBRs for different lesion types with heterogenic calcification. PET/CT and MSS had similar discoverability for LME ranges, which also varied among different lesion types. Higher activity meant wider LME range within certain limit. This pioneering study would be able to provide references for both surgical removal of lesions and sample acquisitions more accurately for basic research targeted to immunology.

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of range and metabolic activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis lesion microenvironment using PET/CT and multi-site sampling method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abudusalamu Aini ◽  
Maiweilidan Yimingjiang ◽  
Aimaiti Yasen ◽  
Bo Ran ◽  
Tiemin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Necrotic Lesion ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Position Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) lesion microenvironment (LME) is crucial site where parasite-host interactions happen and of great significance during surgery and obtaining liver samples for basic research targeting immunology. However, little is known about quantification of LME range and its’ metabolic activity regarding different lesion types.Methods: A prospective analysis of LME from consecutive surgical AE cases with relevant imaging results was performed. Patients (n=39) received abdominal computed tomography (CT) and position emission tomography/computed tomography using 18F-fluodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG-PET/CT) within one week prior to surgery. Tumor to background ratios (TBRs) of standard uptake value (SUV) in PET/CT was calculated for corresponding LME regions. Multi-site sampling method (MSS, n=26) was introduced to obtain histological slides from LME at different levels off the lesion to evaluate immune cell infiltrative ranges quantitatively. At last, data was statistically analyzed from the perspective of different lesion types.Results: Altogether six major lesion categories have been identified based on different morphology and calcification pattern (A: non-calcified uniform density lesion; B: diffuse calcified solid lesion; C: half necrotic and half solid lesion with minor calcification; D: half necrotic and half solid lesion with obvious calcification; E: subtotal necrotic lesion with minor calcification; F: total necrotic lesion with obvious calcification). Statistical significances were resulted from TBRs calculation (A>B, A>D, A>F, B<C, B<E, A+C+E>B+D+F, etc.). Less calcified lesions were evidenced with higher TBRs, however, not much was valuable for necrosis. The 95% CI of LME ranges were (10.0, 12.1) mm and (9.9, 14.0) mm by PET/CT and MSS. And, weak regressions between TBRs and LME ranges indicated by PET/CT or MSS (r2 respectively were 0.2436 and 0.3171) were observed.Conclusions: PET/CT showed distinct TBRs for different lesion types with heterogenic calcification. PET/CT and MSS had similar discoverability for LME ranges, which also varied among different lesion types. Higher activity meant wider LME range within certain limit. This pioneering study would be able to provide references for both surgical removal of lesions and sample acquisitions more accurately for basic research targeted to immunology.

Alveolar echinococcosis: correlation between hepatic MRI findings and FDG-PET/CT metabolic activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Azizi ◽  
Oleg Blagosklonov ◽  
Ahmed Lounis ◽  
Louis Berthet ◽  
Dominique-Angèle Vuitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

scholarly journals A CT-Based Radiomics Nomogram To Predict The Biological Activity of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Tieliang Zhang ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Yafei Zhao ◽  
Wenyao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Combined Models ◽  
Selection Operator

Abstract BackgroundThis study aims to establish a computed tomography (CT) - based radiomics nomogram to predict the biological activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).MethodsA total of 174 HAE patients (139 for training, 35 for test) were enrolled whose CT and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations were performed before surgery, and the biological activity was evaluated according to the PET/CT. Radiomic features were extracted from CT images, based on which radiomic scores (Rad-score) were calculated with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. Three radiomics models (K-Nearest Neighbors, Logical regression, and Multilayer Perceptron), including only radiomic features and a radiomics nomogram, comprised of demographics, clinical indexes, and radiomic features were constructed respectively to predict the biological activity of HAE. The model performance was evaluated by area under curve (AUC), decision curve, and calibration curve.Results30 features in total were selected as optimal radiomic features and considered as input to calculate the Rad-score. There were no significant differences in the predictive efficacy between the combined models and the radiomics models from the perspective of the decision curve. The radiomics models was unparalleled, with an AUC of 0.952 (95%CI=0.902~0.981, P<0.0001) and 0.800 (95%CI=0.631~0.916, P<0.0020) in the training and testing cohort, respectively.ConclusionThe radiomics nomogram model showed great potential in identifying HAE biological activity.

Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 481-485
Author(s):  
Brett W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Pet Ct

Lymphadenopathy represents the pathologic enlargement of lymph nodes. Within the chest, the mediastinum is the most commonly affected region. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy may result in loss of normal mediastinal contours or thickening of lines and stripes. On computed tomography (CT), lymph nodes measuring greater than 1 cm in short-axis dimension are typically considered enlarged. Although many disease process may result in mediastinal lymphadenopathy, including lymphoma, metastatic disease, infections, and sarcoidosis, specific characteristics such as attenuation, enhancement, and calcification help narrow the differential diagnosis. PET/CT demonstrates the metabolic activity of structures such as lymph nodes and may help in identifying pathologic lymphadenopathy. However, PET/CT cannot reliably differentiate between lymphadenopathy due to active malignancy and certain benign processes such as active infection or sarcoidosis.

scholarly journals Unusual disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection mimicking lymphoma in a non-immunosuppressed patient in East China: a case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghe Chen ◽  
Chengdong Chang ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Yafei Zhang ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Position Emission Tomography ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patient ◽  
Talaromyces Marneffei ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background Talaromyces marneffei infection is an important opportunistic infection associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, it is unusual in patients with non-AIDS and other non-immunosuppressed conditions. We report a case of delayed diagnosis of disseminated T. marneffei infection in non-AIDS, non-immunosuppressive and non-endemic conditions. Case presentation We describe a previously healthy 24-year-old man who complained of a 3-month history of intermittent diarrhea and a recent week of uncontrollable high fever. The HIV antibody test was negative. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) and integrated 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose position emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) both suspected malignant lymphoma. However, a large number of yeast-like cells were found in macrophages in cervical lymph node samples by hematoxylin and eosin stain and silver hexamine stain. Subsequent blood culture suggested T. marneffei infection. Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) results suggested T. marneffei as the dominant pathogen. Unfortunately, the patient continued to develop acute liver failure and died due to adverse events associated with amphotericin B. Conclusions Early diagnosis in HIV-negative patients who are otherwise not immunosuppressed and endemic poses a serious challenge. T. marneffei infection is an FDG-avid nonmalignant condition that may lead to false-positive FDG PET/CT scans. Nevertheless, integrated FDG PET/CT is necessary in patients with fever of unknown origin in the early period to perform earlier biopsy for histopathology and culture in highly avid sites and to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.

Recent advances in the detection of brown adipose tissue in adult humans: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
pp. 1039-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Ong ◽  
Basma A. Ahmed ◽  
Stephan M. Oreskovich ◽  
Denis P. Blondin ◽  
Tahniyah Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct

The activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with reductions in circulating lipids and glucose in rodents and contributes to energy expenditure in humans indicating the potential therapeutic importance of targetting this tissue for the treatment of a variety of metabolic disorders. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of human BAT, a variety of methodologies for assessing the volume and metabolic activity of BAT are utilized. Cold exposure is often utilized to increase BAT activity but inconsistencies in the characteristics of the exposure protocols make it challenging to compare findings. The metabolic activity of BAT in response to cold exposure has most commonly been measured by static positron emission tomography of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in combination with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) imaging, but recent studies suggest that under some conditions this may not always reflect BAT thermogenic activity. Therefore, recent studies have used alternative positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging strategies and radiotracers that may offer important insights. In addition to PET-CT, there are numerous emerging techniques that may have utility for assessing BAT metabolic activity including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), skin temperature measurements, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and contrast ultrasound (CU). In this review, we discuss and critically evaluate the various methodologies used to measure BAT metabolic activity in humans and provide a contemporary assessment of protocols which may be useful in interpreting research findings and guiding the development of future studies.

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