scholarly journals Time changes in the spectrum of urinary stone composition: a role for climate variations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Trinchieri ◽  
Alessandro Maletta ◽  
Giovanni Simonelli ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Elisa De Lorenzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Background An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016–18 compared to 2001–2003. Methods Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001–2003 and 2016–2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute. Results The average age of the 2001–2003 group (45.8+/− 15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016–18 group (57.9+/− 14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1,0.58) in 2001–2003 and 527 / 292 (1,0.55) in 2016–18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016–18 group than in 2001–03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001–03 than in 2016–18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001 to 03 to 2016–18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016–18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14 °C to 15.4 °C during the two observation periods. Conclusions No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

scholarly journals Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition: A Role for Climate Variations?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Trinchieri ◽  
Alessandro Maletta ◽  
Giovanni Simonelli ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Elisa De Lorenzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Introduction: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003. Materials and Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute. Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 MI and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods. Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate on Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Trinchieri ◽  
Alessandro Maletta ◽  
Giovanni Simonelli ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Elisa De Lorenzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Background: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003.Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute.Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods.Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

scholarly journals Spectrum of pediatric urinary stone composition in North Western India: analysis at tertiary care center

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4102
Author(s):  
Rama Kishan Saran ◽  
Pawan Katti ◽  
Kiran Mirdha ◽  
Sanya Saran ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
North Western

Background: Pediatric urolithiasis results in significant morbidity in later life. Incidence as well as site and chemical composition of calculi varies according to the changes in socio-economic conditions over time and the subsequent changes in dietary habits leading to a marked variation in the spectrum of urinary stone composition. To evaluate the spectrum of urinary stone composition in pediatric population from North-western India.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted between October 2013 and February 2019 which included pediatric patients with urolithiasis. Demographic and epidemiological characteristics including age, sex, geography, religion, socio-economic status, dietary habits were recorded. The location and sizes of stones were documented. The data was collected, analyzed and presented using summary statistics.Results: A total of 163 patients with urolithiasis were enrolled, of which 86 (53%) aged between 6 and 10 years, 49 (30%) aged between 11 and 14 years and 28 (17%) were aged between 0 and 5 years. The majority of patients were male (n=134; 82.21%). The most common location of the stone was urinary bladder (n=106; 65.03%) followed by kidney (n=33; 20.25%), urethra (n=16; 9.82%) and ureter (n=8; 4.91%). The upper tract (kidney and ureter) to the lower tract (bladder and urethra) stone ratio was 1:4. Stones with mixed composition were more than pure stones (73.62% versus 26.38%). The most common composition was the mixed stone of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid (n=36; 22.09%) followed by mixed stone of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate with uric acid (n=29; 17.79%), calcium oxalate and uric acid (n=25, 15.34%), calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (n=20; 12.27%). Calcium oxalate was present in 80% of the stones, followed by uric acid in 7%, struvite in 6%, cystine in 3% and calcium phosphate in 2%.Conclusions: These results suggest that the prevalence of mixed stones with calcium oxalate as the predominant chemical component in the urinary stones of pediatric patients studied.

scholarly journals Urinary stone composition analysis and clinical characterization of 1520 patients in central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daling Zhang ◽  
Songchao Li ◽  
Zhengguo Zhang ◽  
Ningyang Li ◽  
Xiang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Central China ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Urinary

AbstractA total of 1520 patients with urinary stones from central China were collected and analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy between October 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. For all patients, age, sex, comorbidities, stone location, laboratory examination and geographic region were collected. The most common stone component was calcium oxalate (77.5%), followed by calcium phosphate (8.7%), infection stone (7.6%), uric acid (UA) stone (5.3%)and cystine (0.9%). The males had more calcium oxalate stones (p < 0.001), while infection stone and cystine stones occurred more frequently in females (p < 0.001). The prevalence peak occurred at 41–60 years in both men and women. UA stones occurred frequently in patients with lower urinary pH (p < 0.001), while neutral urine or alkaline urine (p < 0.001) and urinary infection (p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with infection stone stones. Patients with high levels of serum creatinine were more likely to develop UA stones (p < 0.001). The proportion of UA stones in diabetics was higher (p < 0.001), and the incidence of hypertension was higher in patients with UA stones (p < 0.001). Compared to the other types, more calcium oxalate stones were detected in the kidneys and ureters (p < 0.001), whereas struvite stones were more frequently observed in the lower urinary tract (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in stone composition across the Qinling-Huaihe line in central China except UA stones, which were more frequently observed in patients south of the line (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Stone composition of renal stone formers from different global regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Adam Hali´nski ◽  
Kamran Hassan Bhatti ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Jonathan Cloutier ◽  
Kaloyan Davidoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Cystine Stones ◽  
Struvite Stones

Objective: To study urinary stone composition patterns in different populations around the world. Materials and methods: Data were collected by reviewing charts of 1204 adult patients of 10 countries with renal or ureteral stones (> 18 years) in whom a stone analysis was done and available. Any method of stone analysis was accepted, but the methodology had to be registered. Results: In total, we observed 710 (59%) patients with calcium oxalate, 31 (1%) with calcium phosphate, 161 (13%) with mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate, 15 (1%) with carbapatite, 110 (9%) with uric acid, 7 (< 1%) with urate (ammonium or sodium), 100 (9%) with mixed with uric acid/ calcium oxalate, 56 (5%) with struvite and 14 (1%) with cystine stones. Calciumcontaining stones were the most common in all countries ranging from 43 to 91%. Oxalate stones were more common than phosphate or mixed phosphate/oxalate stones in most countries except Egypt and India. The rate of uric acid containing stones ranged from 4 to 34%, being higher in Egypt, India, Pakistan, Iraq, Poland and Bulgaria. Struvite stones occurred in less than 5% in all countries except India (23%) and Pakistan (16%). Cystine stones occurred in 1% of cases. Conclusions: The frequency of different types of urinary stones varies from country to country. Calcium-containing stones are prevalent in all countries. The frequency of uric acid containing stones seems to depend mainly on climatic factors, being higher in countries with desert or tropical climates. Dietary patterns can also lead to an increase in the frequency of uric acid containing stones in association with high obesity rates. Struvite stones are decreasing in most countries due to improved health conditions.

scholarly journals Urolithiasis in male patients: A pilot study on the ethnic differences and clinical profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-98
Author(s):  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
LJ John ◽  
HAM Aly Freeg ◽  
J Muttappallymyalil
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
Male Patients

Background   Ethnicity play a role in the occurrence of urinary stones, probably related to climatic, environmental and dietary factors in ethnic groups. The association between ethnicity, age, clinical profile, stone size with type of ureteric stones among males with urolithiasis was studied.   Materials and Methods Male patients (>18 years) with lower ureteral stones size <10mm attending outpatient department of Urology, at a private hospital, Ajman over a period of one year were included. Ethics approval was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was retrieved from the case records which included socio-demographic variables (age, ethnicity), clinical profile (ureteric colic, duration of pain, other complaints), and laboratory investigations (type of stone, stone size). Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with SPSS-20 and p values <0.05 considered significant. Results 185 male patients were included. Mean age was 41.5 (7.3) years, range (22-71) years. Out of the total, 81 (43.8%) patients were Asians, 81(43.8%) Arabs and 23 (12.4%) were of other ethnicity. Most patients (95.1%) presented with ureteric pain. 49 (26.5%) had family history of stone disease where calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid stones were common, with majority being first degree relation. Data on stone type was available for 90 patients; of which, 21 were calcium oxalate monohydrate, 33-calcium oxalate dehydrate, 24-uric acid and remaining 12 other form of stones. Average age for different types of stone was 38.3, 41.6, 39.4 and 42.8 years for calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dehydrate, uric acid and other types respectively. Conclusion Uric acid stones were more prevalent among Asians and calcium oxalate-dehydrate stones among Arabs. Future studies can be conducted among multiethnic population focusing on dietary pattern and stone analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i4.11359 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 4(4):393-98

scholarly journals Composition and Morphology of Nanocrystals in Urines of Lithogenic Patients and Healthy Persons

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Song Gui ◽  
Rong Xie ◽  
Xiu-Qiong Yao ◽  
Mei-Ru Li ◽  
Jian-Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Healthy Urine

The composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of healthy persons and lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the main composition of urinary nanocrystals in healthy persons were calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite). However, the main compositions of urinary nanocrystals in lithogenic patients were struvite,β-tricalcium phosphate, uric acid, COD, and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). According to the XRD data, the size of nanocrystals was calculated to be23∼72 nm in healthy urine and12∼118 nm in lithogenic urine by Scherer formula. TEM results showed that the nanocrystals in healthy urine were dispersive and uniform with a mean size of about 38 nm. In contrast, the nanocrystals in lithogenic urine were much aggregated with a mean size of about 55 nm. The results in this work indicated that the urinary stone formation may be prevented by diminishing the aggregation and the size differentiation of urinary nanocrystals by physical or chemical methods.

scholarly journals Application of uCT-scan and infrared spectroscopy for determination of urinary stone components

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Vepy Asyana ◽  
Leni Aziyus Fitri ◽  
Freddy Haryanto ◽  
Taufik Ridwan ◽  
Nanda Fitri Ayu Muningrat
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstrak. Batu kemih merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan tingkat prevalensi yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Pengetahuan komposisi pada kandungan batu kemih dapat membantu tenaga medis dalam melakukan justifikasi penanganan tindakan lanjut pada pasien dengan tepat.Tujuan penelitian iniadalah menentukan kandungan mineral yang terdapat pada batu kemih menggunakan metode analisa spektrum inframerah dan nilai hounsfield unit (HU) yang terdapat pada citra yang dihasilkan dari modality mCT-Scan. Hasil karakterisasi fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) memperlihatkan kandungan mineral batu kemih terdiri dari batu kemih calcium oxlate monohydrate, uric acid, batu campuran calcium oxalate dengan phosphate dan batu campuran cystine dengan phosphate sedangkan hasil dari scanning mCT memperlihatkan adanya kandungan mineral batu kemih campuran seperti batu campuran calcium oxalate dan cystine, batu campuran calcium oxalate, struvite, dan cystine, dan batu campuran calciumoxalate dan uric acid.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua modaliti tersebut mampu memperlihatkan kandungan mineral batu kemih dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat adanya spektrum serapan karakteristik dari FTIR setiap sampel berbeda-beda dan dari hasil citra mCT-Scan memperlihatkan nilai HU yang bervariasi sehingga mengindikasikan kandungan mineral pada sampel batu kemih yang diamati juga memiliki jenis yang berbeda-beda. Abstract. Urinary stones are a disease with a high prevalence rate in Indonesia. Knowledge of the composition of the urinary stone is an essential part to determine suitable treatments for patients. The aim of this research is to determine the mineral contained in urinary stones using the infrared spectrum and the value of HU (hounsfield unit) from the image mCT-Scan. The results of FTIR characterization showed that the mineral content of urinary stones consisted of calcium oxlate monohydrate, uric acid, calcium oxalate and phosphate mixed stones and cystine-phosphate mixed stones. mCT-Scan results showed the mineral content of urinary stones such as calcium oxalate and cystine mixed stone, calcium oxalate, struvite, and cystine mixed stones, and calcium oxalate and uric acid mixed stones. This show that the two modalities are be able to determine the mineral content of urinary stones. It can be seen that the characteristic absorption spectrum of the FTIR for each sample is different and from the mCT-Scan image results, the HU value varies so that it indicates the mineral content of the observed urine stone sample are different.

scholarly journals The analysis of Upper tract Urinary Stone Composition in HIV-positive Patients: a single center experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Menghua ◽  
Zheng Xin ◽  
Fan Bohan ◽  
Zhang Yu ◽  
Zhao Jimao
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: To appraise the most common stone composition, serum and urinary biochemical features in HIV-positive patients with urolithiasis.Methods: We retrospectively searched the records of HIV-positive patients in our stone registry. A retrospective study was generated from our registry. Collecting statistics about fundamental indexes and analyzing them is our basic procedure. Medications were considered. Groups were compared using the Student t and chi-square/Fisher exact tests with significance considered at p<0.05.Results: In total of 101 patients were included age, gender, Body Mass Index(BMI), serum calcium, serum uric acid(UA), stone position, and operative method were statistically described. The serum UA of HIV-positive group was higher than that of the negative group (P = 0.028). Patients with HIV-infected had a higher incidence of calcium oxalate dehydrate (CaODH) (p<0.001). The evaluation of overall stone composition showed that the number of CaODH was higher in HIV-positive group (21.4% vs 8.5%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in single calcium oxalate monohydrate(CaOMH) (p = 0.146), and UA (p = 0.7) between the two groups.Conclusions: In our study the highest stone proportion in HIV patients is calcium oxalate (CaO). HIV positive patients should pay attention to the diet, especially the food containing more calcium. In HIV-positive patients, the level of serum UA should be controlled accordingly. In the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), for low-risk patients, it may not be necessary to consider too much the factors of protease inhibitors (PIs) and other drugs forming urinary calculus.

scholarly journals Kidney Stone Composition in Various Country Around the World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Halinski ◽  
Elenko Popov ◽  
Kamran Hassan Bhattikam ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Jonathan Cloutier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Calcium Stones ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
The World ◽  
Cystine Stones ◽  
Struvite Stones

Abstract To compare urinary stone composition patterns in different populations around the world in relation to the structure of their population, dietary habits, and climate. 1204 adult patients with urolithiasis and stone analysis was included . International websites were searched to obtain data. We observed 710(59%) patients with calcium oxalate, 31(1%) calcium phosphate, 161(13%) mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate, 15(1%) carbapatite, 110(9%) uric acid, 7(<1%) urate, 100(9%) mixed uric acid/ calcium oxalate, 56(5%) struvite and 14(1%) cystine stones. Calcium stones were the most common in all countries (up to 91%) with the highest rates in Canada and China. Oxalate stones were more common than phosphate or mixed phosphate/oxalate stones except Egypt and India. The rate of uric acid stones, being higher in Egypt, India, Pakistan, Iraq, Poland, and Bulgaria. Struvite stones occurred in less than 5% except India (23%) and Pakistan (16%). Cystine stones occurred in 1%. The frequency of different types of urinary stones varies from country to country. Calcium stones are prevalent in all countries. Uric acid stones seems to depend mainly on climatic factors, being higher in countries with desert or tropical climates. Dietary patterns can also lead to an increase it. Struvite stones are decreasing in most countries.

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