scholarly journals Examining the impact of introducing ICD-MM on observed trends in maternal mortality rates in the UK 2003–13

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Knight ◽  
◽  
Manisha Nair ◽  
Peter Brocklehurst ◽  
Sara Kenyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Ethics and Efficiency in the Provision of Health Care

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Relative Mortality ◽  
Distribution Rule ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

1.1. A major purpose in nationalizing the provision of health care in the UK was to affect its distribution between people, and, in particular, to minimize the impact of willingness and ability to pay upon that distribution. It has never been clear, however, what alternative distribution rule is to apply. There is no shortage of rhetoric about ‘equality’ and ‘need’, but most of it is vacuous, by which I mean it does not lead to any clear operational guidelines about who should get priority and at whose expense. The closest we have got so far to such explicit guidelines has been the formulae which determine the geographical distribution of NHS funds, the driving force behind which is a notion of need based on relative mortality rates and on the demographic structure. The avowed objective is to bring about equal access for equal need irrespective of where in the UK you happen to be.

The Impact of Poverty on Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates in Nigeria:

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-170
Author(s):  
Mohammed Y. Abubakar ◽  
Joseph A. Oluyemi ◽  
Joseph Adejoke ◽  
Raji Abdullateef ◽  
Kadiri Kehinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 and the risk to black, Asian and minority ethnic women during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 718-723
Author(s):  
Sarah Esegbona-Adeigbe
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Maternity Services ◽  
Pregnancy Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) women in the UK have increased maternal mortality rates compared to other groups of women. Unfortunately, according to preliminary findings, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to mortality rates for BAME women, raising concerns that pregnant BAME women are facing greater health disparities during the pandemic. A review of 427 pregnant women admitted to hospital in the UK with confirmed COVID-19 infection found that over half (56%) were from black or other ethnic minority groups. How BAME women navigate maternity services during the COVID-19 pandemic requires a vigilant review of their needs on an individual basis. This is particularly relevant for hard-to-reach women, such as recent immigrants and asylum seekers, who may encounter difficulties accessing or engaging with maternity services. Therefore, it is imperative to reassess and highlight the challenges faced by pregnant BAME women during the pandemic. The disruption of maternity services and diversion of resources away from essential pregnancy care because of prioritising the COVID-19 response is expected to increase risks of maternal mortality.

Ethics and Efficiency in the Provision of Health Care

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Alan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Relative Mortality ◽  
Distribution Rule ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

1.1. A major purpose in nationalizing the provision of health care in the UK was to affect its distribution between people, and, in particular, to minimize the impact of willingness and ability to pay upon that distribution. It has never been clear, however, what alternative distribution rule is to apply. There is no shortage of rhetoric about ‘equality’ and ‘need’, but most of it is vacuous, by which I mean it does not lead to any clear operational guidelines about who should get priority and at whose expense. The closest we have got so far to such explicit guidelines has been the formulae which determine the geographical distribution of NHS funds, the driving force behind which is a notion of need based on relative mortality rates and on the demographic structure. The avowed objective is to bring about equal access for equal need irrespective of where in the UK you happen to be.

Changes in the pelvic floor following childbirth

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Chaliha ◽  
AH Sultan ◽  
SL Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

It is only in the last decade that increasing recognition has been given to the impact of childbirth on the physical and psychological wellbeing of a woman. The fall in maternal mortality coupled with a rise in female life expectancy (80 years in the UK) have served to focus attention on quality of life. Childbirth has been implicated as a major aetiological factor in pelvic floor and perineal trauma.

scholarly journals Reduction of maternal mortality due to preeclampsia in Colombia-an interrupted time-series analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Alberto Herrera Herrera ◽  
Rodolfo Herrera-Miranda ◽  
Juan Pablo Herrera-Escobar ◽  
Aníbal Nieto-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Preeclampsia is the most important cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. A comprehensive prenatal care program including bio-psychosocial components was developed and introduced at a national level in Colombia. We report on the trends in maternal mortality rates and their related causes before and after implementation of this program. Methods: General and specific maternal mortality rates were monitored for nine years (1998-2006). An interrupted time-series analysis was performed with monthly data on cases of maternal mortality that compared trends and changes in national mortality rates and the impact of these changes attributable to the introduction of a bio-psychosocial model. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate correlations between the interventions. Results: Five years after (2002–2006) its introduction the general maternal mortality rate was significantly reduced to 23% (OR= 0.77, CI 95% 0.71-0.82).The implementation of BPSM also reduced the incidence of preeclampsia in 22% (OR= 0.78, CI 95% 0.67-0.88), as also the labor complications by hemorrhage in 25% (OR= 0.75, CI 95% 0.59-0.90) associated with the implementation of red code. The other causes of maternal mortality did not reveal significant changes. Biomedical, nutritional, psychosocial assessments, and other individual interventions in prenatal care were not correlated to maternal mortality (p= 0.112); however, together as a model we observed a significant association (p= 0.042). Conclusions: General maternal mortality was reduced after the implementation of a comprehensive national prenatal care program. Is important the evaluation of this program in others populations.

scholarly journals Human resources for health density and its associations with child and maternal mortality in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Zahra Madad ◽  
Farhad Pishgar ◽  
Erfan Ghasemi ◽  
Alireza Khajavi ◽  
Sahar Moghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Physician Density ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Family Physician and Social Protection Scheme for Iranian rural inhabitants was launched in June 2005 to improve physician density. To our knowledge, a comprehensive study of the impact of the Scheme on mortality-related health indicators has not been conducted. Aims: To investigate the effects of health workforce density on maternal, neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates in rural areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 2005 and 2011. Methods: We built mixed-effects Poisson regression models including mortality measures as response variables and physician and behvarz (community-based health worker) densities as independent variables, using data from the Iranian Vital Horoscope tool, annual Households Income and Expenditure Survey, and DTARH software. We also included population sizes, age of inhabitants, rate of urbanization, years of schooling, and wealth index in each district, as well as effect of time, as covariates. Results: Physician density was significantly associated with child mortality rates (1.5%, 1.1% and 63.5% decrease in neonatal, under-5 and maternal mortality with a 1-unit increase in physician density per 1000 individuals). In the model built for infant mortality rate, physician density and behvarz densities were not significantly associated with this measure. Conclusions: Improving the distribution of family physicians was associated with lower child and maternal mortality. Improvements in behvarz densities were not associated with decrements in these rates, which probably calls for improvement in access to more professional health services and facilities.

Predicting the impact of the screening programme for colorectal cancer in the UK

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Parkin ◽  
P Tappenden ◽  
A H Olsen ◽  
J Patnick ◽  
P Sasieni
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Faecal Occult ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Objectives Screening for colorectal cancer by biennial testing for faecal occult blood is being introduced in the UK from 2007. We examine the likely impact of the programme, in terms of reduced mortality, lives saved and changes in incidence, over the next 20 years. Setting Projections of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in England, and the policy that has been adopted for screening in England (biennial at ages 60–69 from 2007, then 60–74 in 2010). Methods The results are based on the output of a simulation model that has been used to examine cost-effectiveness of screening policy options, with two scenarios regarding compliance with screening; both assume that 20% of the population will never attend for screening, but attendance of those who do is modelled either as a random 60% or 80%, at each screening round. Results The decrease in mortality rates expected 20 years after introducing screening is 13–17% in men and 12–15% in women (depending on the attendance levels). The model predicts an initial rise in incidence, followed (after six to seven years) by a fall, so that there is little net change in the number of cases detected over a 20-year period. Conclusion Percentage changes in mortality seem modest, but the projected saving in terms of numbers of lives is not negligible – 1800–2400 per year by 2025 in England (equivalent numbers are 2200–2700 in all over the UK). Newer screening modalities may improve on these projected results.

scholarly journals Scaling COVID-19 against inequalities: should the policy response consistently match the mortality challenge?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry McCartney ◽  
Alastair H. Leyland ◽  
David Walsh ◽  
Ruth Dundas
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Drug Poisoning ◽  
Infectious Disease Model ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe mortality impact of COVID-19 has thus far been described in terms of crude death counts. We aimed to calibrate the scale of the modelled mortality impact of COVID-19 using age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contribution against other, socially-determined, causes of death in order to inform governments and the public.MethodsWe compared mortality attributable to suicide, drug poisoning and socioeconomic inequality with estimates of mortality from an infectious disease model of COVID-19. We calculated age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contributions for the UK and its constituent nations.ResultsMortality from a fully unmitigated COVID-19 pandemic is estimated to be responsible for a negative life expectancy contribution of −5.96 years for the UK. This is reduced to −0.33 years in the fully mitigated scenario. The equivalent annual life expectancy contributions of suicide, drug poisoning and socioeconomic inequality-related deaths are −0.25, −0.20 and −3.51 years respectively. The negative impact of fully unmitigated COVID-19 on life expectancy is therefore equivalent to 24 years of suicide deaths, 30 years of drug poisoning deaths, and 1.7 years of inequality-related deaths for the UK.ConclusionFully mitigating COVID-19 is estimated to prevent a loss of 5.63 years of life expectancy for the UK. Over 10 years there is a greater negative life expectancy contribution from inequality than around six unmitigated COVID-19 pandemics. To achieve long-term population health improvements it is therefore important to take this opportunity to introduce post-pandemic economic policies to ‘build back better’.Summary boxWhat is already known on this subject?COVID-19 has been modelled to create a substantial excess mortality in the UK, depending on the degree to which this is mitigated by social distancing measures. Best estimates of 510,000 and 20,000 crude deaths are predicted in unmitigated and fully mitigated scenarios respectively.What does this study add?We scale the mortality impact of the modelled COVID-19 on age-standardised mortality and life expectancy against suicide, drug poisonings and inequalities. The impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy is substantial (−5.96 years) if unmitigated, but over a decade the life expectancy impact of inequalities is around six times greater than even an unmitigated pandemic.

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