scholarly journals Common mental disorders and intimate partner violence against pregnant women living with HIV in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Parcesepe ◽  
Evette Cordoba ◽  
John A. Gallis ◽  
Jennifer Headley ◽  
Berenger Tchatchou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Women living with HIV are at increased risk of poor mental health and intimate partner violence (IPV). Mental health disorders have been consistently associated with suboptimal HIV-related outcomes. Little is known about the prevalence or correlates of mental health disorders among pregnant women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This study assessed the prevalence of probable common mental disorders (CMD), i.e., depressive or anxiety disorders, and the relationship between probable CMD and recent IPV among pregnant women living with HIV in Cameroon. The sample included 230 pregnant women living with HIV aged > 18 enrolled in care at 10 HIV clinics in Cameroon. Probable CMD was assessed with the WHO Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between IPV and probable CMD. Results Almost half (42%) of participants had probable CMD using a 7/8 cut-off of the SRQ-20. Emotional, physical, and sexual IPV were reported by 44, 37, and 31% of respondents, respectively. In multivariable regression analyses, all forms of IPV assessed were significantly associated with greater odds of probable CMD. Conclusions Pregnant women living with HIV in Cameroon had a high prevalence of probable CMD and IPV. Screening and services to address IPV and mental health are urgently needed for this population. Integrated interventions to both prevent and screen and address IPV and probable CMD should be developed, implemented, and evaluated.

scholarly journals The syndemic effects of mental ill health, household hunger, and intimate partner violence on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women living with HIV in Yaoundé, Cameroon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246467
Author(s):  
Evette Cordoba ◽  
Angela M. Parcesepe ◽  
John A. Gallis ◽  
Jennifer Headley ◽  
Claudian Soffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Background This research advances understanding of interrelationships among three barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) in Cameroon: probable common mental disorders (CMD), intimate partner violence (IPV), and hunger. Methods The sample included 220 pregnant WLWH in Cameroon. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was conducted to assess the relationship between IPV, hunger, and CMD on ART adherence. Results Almost half (44%) of participants recently missed/mistimed an ART dose. Probable CMD was associated with greater risk of missed/mistimed ART dose (aRR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1, 1.9]). Hunger was associated with greater risk of missed/mistimed ART dose among those who reported IPV (aRR 1.9 [95% CI 1.2, 2.8]), but not among those who did not (aRR 0.8 [95% CI 0.2, 2.3]). Conclusion Suboptimal ART adherence, CMD, and IPV were common among pregnant WLWH in Cameroon. Pregnant WLWH experiencing IPV and hunger may be especially vulnerable to suboptimal ART adherence.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in a Community Sample of Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Nathanson ◽  
Ryan C. Shorey ◽  
Vanessa Tirone ◽  
Deborah L. Rhatigan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Battered Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Health Disorders

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, devastating, and prevalent problem. IPV places women at risk for negative health consequences, including increased mental health disorders. The majority of research to date has focused on mental health disorders among women in domestic violence shelters, and research is needed that examines mental health disorders among a broader range of women experiencing IPV. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and substance abuse disorders in a community sample of IPV victims (N = 94) using diagnostic interviews. Results showed that the majority of women met diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder, with PTSD being the most common mental health disorder. Furthermore, psychological abuse was a significant predictor of both PTSD and depression, whereas physical aggression did not predict these outcomes. Implications of these findings for treatment and intervention work with battered women are discussed.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in relation to non-psychotic mental health disorders in Rwanda: a cross-sectional population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akashi Andrew Rurangirwa ◽  
Ingrid Mogren ◽  
Joseph Ntaganira ◽  
Kaymarlin Govender ◽  
Gunilla Krantz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Health Disorders

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of non-psychotic mental health disorders (MHDs) and the association between exposure to all forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and MHDs.DesignCross-sectional population-based study conducted in the Northern Province of Rwanda and Kigali city.Participants and settingsTotally, 921 women who gave birth ≤13 months before being interviewed were included. Simple random sampling was done to select villages, households and participants. Community health workers helped to identify eligible participants and clinical psychologists, nurses or midwives conducted face-to-face interviews. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression modellingResultsThe prevalence rates of generalised anxiety disorder, suicide ideation and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 19.7%, 10.8% and 8.0%, respectively. Exposure to the four forms of IPV during pregnancy was highly associated with the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for each of the non-psychotic MHDs investigated. Physical, psychological and sexual violence, showed the strongest association with PTSD, with adjusted ORs (aORs) of 4.5, 6.2 and 6.3, respectively. Controlling behaviour had the strongest association with major depressive episode in earlier periods with an aOR of 9.2.ConclusionIPV and MHDs should be integrated into guidelines for perinatal care. Moreover, community-based services aimed at increasing awareness and early identification of violence and MHDs should be instituted in all villages and health centres in Rwanda. Finally, healthcare providers need to be educated and trained in a consistent manner to manage the most challenging cases quickly, discreetly and efficiently.

Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in El Salvador

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097880
Author(s):  
Laura Navarro-Mantas ◽  
Soledad de Lemus ◽  
Jesús L. Megías
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Violence against women (VAW) is currently one of the main problems in El Salvador, which leads the ranking of femicides in the world. We conducted the first national survey on VAW in El Salvador following the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology, to determine the impact of violence on women’s mental health ( N = 1,274). Women who had experienced intimate partner violence showed significantly poorer mental health and more suicidal ideations. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with the experience of all forms of violence, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and stressful life experiences. The results are discussed in connection with the primary care protocols and the design of public policies.

A Qualitative Study With Women Living With HIV on Perceived Gender Norms and Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence in Northern Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5905-5925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca B. Hershow ◽  
Madhura Bhadra ◽  
Nguyen Vu Tuyet Mai ◽  
Teerada Sripaipan ◽  
Tran Viet Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
High Urgency ◽  
Living With Hiv

Although the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Southeast Asia is one of the highest in the world, IPV remains understudied in the region, especially among women living with HIV (WLWH). This study aims to understand how gender and violence norms influence how WLWH interpret and prioritize violence as a health issue. We also explore whether HIV disclosure was seen as a trigger for IPV. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 WLWH (median age = 35.5 years; range = 28-54 years) in northern Vietnam. Participants were recruited from an outpatient antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic. Semi-structured interviews were transcribed, translated, and analyzed to identify themes using a gender-focused theoretical framework. Twelve participants reported experiencing IPV by their current or former husbands, most of which occurred before their HIV diagnoses. Only one participant felt her HIV status was a factor for the IPV she experienced; the remaining participants did not explicitly link IPV and HIV. None expressed fear or experience of IPV after disclosing to their husbands. When asked about a woman’s role in society, the majority spoke about the responsibility to build family harmony by doing housework, raising children, making a steady income, and being faithful to her husband. Participants viewed marital conflict as the woman’s problem to avoid by acting docile or to resolve peacefully by bearing violence quietly. Almost all reported contracting HIV from their husbands. Regardless of whether their children were infected ( n = 8) or not ( n = 10), participants spoke about being compelled to initiate and adhere to ART to care for their children emotionally and financially. In the context of Vietnamese gender norms, participants expressed low urgency for help-seeking after experiencing IPV and high urgency for help-seeking after being diagnosed with HIV. Multilevel interventions are needed to shift social norms around acceptability of IPV.

Widowhood and Mental Health: Social Predictors of Mental Health Disorders Among Widows

2021 ◽  
pp. 105413732110541
Author(s):  
Brown C. Taylor ◽  
Jordan Harrold
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Social Predictors ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between three common mental health disorders—anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder—in the first year of spousal bereavement and a myriad of social factors—including the security of health insurance and the presence of children at home—among those who have been widowed. We analyzed a novel survey of 503 widows who had participated in the Modern Widows’ Club Widows Empowerment Event. We then used logistic regression to investigate the relationship between these variables, discovering nuance between them. Our findings further elucidate the need for health and mental health providers to be attuned to the unique psychosocial needs of widows, especially among the first year of widowhood.

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