Cognitive-behavioral intervention for the management of symptoms associated with divorce in children

The family is the basis of human development, it is the social context that provides the necessary conditions for children to acquire their autonomy at all levels; in addition to the necessary physical care to guarantee their survival. The family is the one that provides the essential affective climate so that there is a process that changes the biological being that is a baby, in a person, in a biopsychosocial being. Marriage arguments emotionally deplete parents and diminish their interest in the emotional needs of their children, who may understand it as rejection or absence of affection, very detrimental to their personal growth. Additionally, marital conflict decreases the parents ability to integrate and participate socially. The provision of affective and emotional stability that child development requires can be seriously threatened by the separation or divorce of the parents, it affects children in the form of coping they use in stressful situations, in the formation of the attachment process, the affective and emotional stability required for child development and how they respond to changes in the family.

Frequent Interpersonal Stress and Inflammatory Reactivity Predict Depressive-Symptom Increases: Two Tests of the Social-Signal-Transduction Theory of Depression

The social-signal-transduction theory of depression asserts that people who experience ongoing interpersonal stressors and mount a greater inflammatory response to social stress are at higher risk for depression. The current study tested this theory in two adult samples. In Study 1, physically healthy adults ( N = 76) who reported more frequent interpersonal tension had heightened depressive symptoms at Visit 2, but only if they had greater inflammatory reactivity to a marital conflict at Visit 1. Similarly, in Study 2, depressive symptoms increased among lonelier and less socially supported breast-cancer survivors ( N = 79). This effect was most pronounced among participants with higher inflammatory reactivity to a social-evaluative stressor at Visit 1. In both studies, noninterpersonal stress did not interact with inflammatory reactivity to predict later depressive symptoms.

The Implications of Aging Couples’ Linked Lives: Dyadic Associations in Health and Well-Being

Older adults age in the context of their intimate partnerships. Partners’ lives—their emotions, behaviors, and health—are intricately linked as they navigate the challenges associated with aging. This symposium presents research that illuminates ways partners influence one another later in life. The talks are diverse with regard to their timescale (e.g., years vs. hours) and context (e.g., dementia vs. pain). Dr. Martire will examine associations between declines in one spouse’s physical health over 5 years and the other’s mental health. This talk will further consider whether discussing health concerns exclusively with one’s spouse intensifies such associations. Ms. Nah will show how the pain of both partners (care providers and recipients) contributes to escalating marital conflict over 2 years. Dr. Wilson will demonstrate that emotional reactivity to spousal distress in the lab is associated with increased proinflammatory gene expression up to 80 minutes later, a risky pattern for health if repeated over time. Dr. Monin will examine actor and partner associations of affect and depressive symptoms among people with early-stage dementia and their spouses; the absence of partner associations suggests that emotional spillover may operate differently in early-stage dementia dyads. Dr. Novak will identify correlates of four latent profiles derived from couples’ physical, psychological, and relationship well-being: happy, healthy couples; unhappy, unhealthy couples; and two groups with blissful marriages despite individual problems. Dr. Amy Rauer, an internationally recognized scholar of relationships and health, will discuss ways in which this research advances our understanding of couples’ linked lives.

Expression of Emotions and Genes: Proinflammatory Gene Expression Rises With Spousal Distress

Marital quality shares ties to inflammation-related conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Lab-based studies implicate hostility during marital conflict as a mechanism via inflammatory reactivity. However, developmental theories suggest that conflict declines with age. Spousal distress is an important but overlooked context for aging couples as networks shrink and assistance needs increase. To examine the effects of spousal distress on changes in proinflammatory gene expression, 38 adults ages 40-81 witnessed their spouse relive an upsetting personal memory aloud, rated their mood before and after, and provided blood samples at baseline and twice post-task. Those whose negative mood increased more in response to spousal disclosure showed larger elevations in proinflammatory gene expression 40 (p=.022) and 80 minutes (p<.0001) after the task. Effects were robust to race, gender, age, alcohol, smoking, and body mass index. These novel findings identify spousal distress as a key marital context that may escalate inflammation-related health risks.