scholarly journals Preterm birth and its associated factors among reproductive aged women in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from the recent demographic and health surveys of sub-Sharan African countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh ◽  
Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale ◽  
Misganaw Gebrie Worku ◽  
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract Background Globally, preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and under-five children mortality. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) accounts for the majority of preterm birth and death following its complications. Despite this, there is limited evidence about the pooled prevalence and associated factors of preterm birth at SSA level using nation-wide representative large dataset. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of preterm birth among reproductive aged women. Methods The recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) data of 36 SSA countries were used. We included a total weighted sample of 172,774 reproductive-aged women who were giving birth within five years preceding the most recent survey of SSA countries were included in the analysis. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to identify the associated factors of preterm birth in SSA. We considered a statistical significance at a p-value less than 0.05. Results In this study, 5.33% (95% CI: 5.23, 5.44%) of respondents in SSA had delivered preterm baby. Being form eastern Africa, southern Africa, rural area, being educated, substance use, having multiple pregnancy, currently working history, having history of terminated pregnancy, and previous cesarean section delivery, primi-parity, and short birth interval were associated with higher odds of preterm birth among reproductive aged women. However, having better wealth index, being married, wanted pregnancy, and having four or more antenatal care visit were associated with lower odds for a preterm birth among reproductive aged women. Conclusion The prevalence of preterm birth among reproductive-aged women remains a major public health problem in SSA. Preterm birth was affected by various socio-economic and obstetrical factors. Therefore, it is better to consider the high-risk groups during intervention to prevent the short-term and long-term consequences of preterm birth.

scholarly journals Women’s decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: A multi-country analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Joseph Kojo Oduro ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Francis Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract IntroductionGlobal commitment to stop HIV and ensure access to HIV treatment call for women empowering as these efforts play a major role in mother to child transmission. We explored the association between women decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Materials and methodsWe used data from current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016 in 30 countries within SSA. At the descriptive level, we calculated the prevalence of women who had undergone HIV testing and decision-making capacity in each of the countries as well as prevalence of HIV testing across their socio-demographic characteristics. We used Binary Logistic Regression to explore the likelihood of HIV testing by decision-making capacity and socio-demographic characteristics at 5% margin of error. The results were presented as Crude Odds Ratios (CORs) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs). ResultsWe found that overall, 10.0% of women had decision-making with Nigeria (4.5%) and Zimbabwe (21.3%) recording the least and the highest respectively. In terms of HIV testing, the prevalence of HIV testing in the 30 SSA countries was 64.4%, with Guinea (12.8%) having the least. The highest occurred in Lesotho (99%) and Rwanda (99%). Women who had capacity to make decisions had higher likelihood of HIV testing [AOR=1.04, CI=1.02–1.09]. Women from Rwanda had the highest likelihood of HIV testing [AOR=53.92, CI=41.31–70.37] with women from Guinea having the least likelihood [AOR=0.10, CI=0.08–0.11]. Other determinants to HIV testing were level of education, wealth status, believing that a healthy-looking person can have HIV, watching television almost every day, age and place of residence.Conclusion SSA countries intending to improve HIV testing need to incorporate women decision-making capacity strategies in terms of education and counselling into the available policies. This is essential because our study indicates that as women are able to make decisions in their households, the possibility for them to test for their HIV status increases.

scholarly journals Prenatal care coverage and correlates of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Insight from demographic and health surveys of 16 countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242001
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Emmanuel Awopegba ◽  
Amarachi Kalu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Background Prenatal screening of pregnant women for HIV is central to eliminating mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV. While some countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have scaled up their prevention of MTCT programmes, ensuring a near-universal prenatal care HIV testing, and recording a significant reduction in new infection among children, several others have poor outcomes due to inadequate testing. We conducted a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys (DHS) to assess the coverage of HIV testing during pregnancy and also examine the factors associated with uptake. Methods We analysed data of 64,933 women from 16 SSA countries with recent DHS datasets (2015–2018) using Stata version 16. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of prenatal care uptake of HIV testing. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Progress in scaling up of prenatal care HIV testing was uneven across SSA, with only 6.1% of pregnant women tested in Chad compared to 98.1% in Rwanda. While inequality in access to HIV testing among pregnant women is pervasive in most SSA countries and particularly in West and Central Africa sub-regions, a few countries, including Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia have managed to eliminate wealth and rural-urban inequalities in access to prenatal care HIV testing. Conclusion Our findings highlight the between countries and sub-regional disparities in prenatal care uptake of HIV testing in SSA. Even though no country has universal coverage of prenatal care HIV testing, East and Southern African regions have made remarkable progress towards ensuring no pregnant woman is left untested. However, the West and Central Africa regions had low coverage of prenatal care testing, with the rich and well educated having better access to testing, while the poor rarely tested. Addressing the inequitable access and coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women is vital in these sub-regions.

scholarly journals Determinants of adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koku Sisay Tamirat ◽  
Malede Mequanent Sisay ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Decision ◽  
Healthcare Decision Making ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background More than 75% of neonatal deaths occurred in the first weeks of life as a result of adverse birth outcomes. Low birth weight, preterm births are associated with a variety of acute and long-term complications. In Sub-Saharan Africa, there is insufficient evidence of adverse birth outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method Data of this study were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of ten Sub-African (SSA) countries. A total of 76,853 children born five years preceding the survey were included in the final analysis. A Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were fitted and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed to declare statistically significant determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Result The pooled prevalence of adverse birth outcomes were 29.7% (95% CI: 29.4 to 30.03). Female child (AOR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.91 0.97), women attended secondary level of education (AOR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.82 0.92), middle (AOR = 0.94,95%CI: 0.90 0.98) and rich socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.90 0.99), intimate-partner physical violence (beating) (AOR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.14 1.22), big problems of long-distance travel (AOR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.04 1.11), antenatal care follow-ups (AOR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.83 0.86), multiparty (AOR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.84 0.91), twin births (AOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 2.67 3.14), and lack of women involvement in healthcare decision-making process (AOR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.06 1.13) were determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Conclusion This study showed that the magnitude of adverse birth outcomes was high, abnormal baby size and preterm births were the most common adverse birth outcomes. This finding suggests that encouraging antenatal care follow-ups and socio-economic conditions of women are essential. Moreover, special attention should be given to multiple pregnancies, improving healthcare accessibilities to rural areas, and women’s involvement in healthcare decision-making.

scholarly journals Risk factors for prelacteal feeding in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of population data from twenty-two countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1953-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselm S Berde ◽  
Hilal Ozcebe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Birth Rank ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries ◽  
Prelacteal Feeds

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the risk factors of prelacteal feeding (PLF) among mothers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).DesignWe pooled data from Demographic and Health Surveys in twenty-two SSA countries. The key outcome variable was PLF. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to explore factors associated with PLF.SettingDemographic and Health Surveys in twenty-two SSA countries.SubjectsMother–baby pairs (n 95348).ResultsPrevalence of PLF in SSA was 32·2 %. Plain water (22·1 %), milk other than breast milk (5·0 %) and sugar or glucose water (4·1 %) were the predominant prelacteal feeds. In the multivariable analysis, mothers who had caesarean section delivery had 2·25 times the odds of giving prelacteal feeds compared with mothers who had spontaneous vaginal delivery (adjusted OR=2·25; 95 % CI 2·06, 2·46). Other factors that were significantly associated with increased likelihood of PLF were mother’s lower educational status, first birth rank, fourth or above birth rank with preceding birth interval less than or equal to 24 months, lower number of antenatal care visits, home delivery, multiple birth, male infant, as well as having an average or small sized baby at birth. Mothers aged 20–34 years were less likely to give prelacteal feeds compared with mothers aged ≤19 years. Belonging to the second, middle or fourth wealth quintile was associated with lower likelihood of PLF compared with the highest quintile.ConclusionsTo achieve optimal breast-feeding, there is a need to discourage breast-feeding practices such as PLF. Breast-feeding promotion programmes should target the at-risk sub-population groups discovered in our study.

scholarly journals Women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Joseph Kojo Oduro ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Francis Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Healthcare Decision ◽  
Healthcare Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract Background Global commitment to stop Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and ensure access to HIV treatment calls for women empowerment, as these efforts play major roles in mother-to-child transmission. We explored the association between women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods We used data from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in 28 countries in SSA. At the descriptive level, we calculated the prevalence of HIV testing in each of the countries. This was followed by the distribution of HIV testing across the socio-demographic characteristics of women. Finally, we used binary logistic regression to explore the likelihood of HIV testing by women’s health care decision-making capacity and socio-demographic characteristics. The results were presented as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals signifying precision. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results We found that prevalence of HIV testing in the 28 SSA countries was 64.4%, with Congo DR having the least (20.2%) and the highest occurred in Rwanda (97.4%). Women who took healthcare decisions alone [COR=3.183, CI=2.880-3.519] or with their partners [COR=2.577, CI=2.335-2.844] were more likely to test for HIV, compared to those whose healthcare decisions were taken by others, and this persisted after controlling for significant covariates: [AOR=1.507, CI=1.321-1.720] and [AOR=1.518, CI=1.334-1.728] respectively. Conclusion SSA countries intending to improve HIV testing need to incorporate women’s healthcare decision-making capacity strategies. These strategies can include education and counselling. This is essential because our study indicates that the capacity of women to make healthcare decisions has an association with their decision to test for their HIV status.

scholarly journals Iron-rich food consumption and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253221
Author(s):  
Yonas Akalu ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
Getu Debalkie Demissie ◽  
Meseret Derbew Molla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Introduction Anemia remains a major public health problem for children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Iron-rich foods consumption has a determinant role on the anemia status. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of good consumption of iron-rich foods and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in SSA. Materials and methods The recent Demographic and Health Survey data sets of thirty-five SSA countries were used. Data were analyzed using STATA/MP version 16.0 and all statistical analyses were done after weighting the data. A generalized linear mixed model using Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to determine factors associated with good consumption of iron-rich food. Association of variables was declared at a p-value of ≤0.05 and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each variable. Results The total weighted samples of 77,001 children aged 6–23 months were included. The prevalence of consumption of iron rich foods was 42.1% (95% CI: 41.78–42.48). Children with age of 12–17 (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.89–2.04) and 18–23 months (aPR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.97–2.14), who took drugs for intestinal parasites (aPR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.26–1.34), with postnatal check within 2 months (aPR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.13), and children from women with ANC visit of 1–3 (aPR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.24–1.37) and ≥4 (aPR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34–1.48) had higher prevalence of good consumption of iron rich foods. Moreover, the prevalence of consumptions of iron rich foods was higher among children from; family with rich (aPR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.30–1.42) and middle (aPR = 1.14 95% CI: 1.09–1.19) wealth index, and mother with media exposure (aPR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.22–1.31). Conclusion The prevalence of good consumption of iron-rich foods among children aged 6–23 months in SSA countries is low. Child factors, family factors, and community-level factors were significantly associated with consumption of iron rich foods. Strategies to increase the consumption of iron-rich foods during this critical stage of growth and development should be designed in SSA.

scholarly journals Women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Joseph Kojo Oduro ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Francis Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Healthcare Decision ◽  
Healthcare Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract Background Global commitment to stop Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and ensure access to HIV treatment calls for women empowerment as these efforts play major roles in mother-to-child transmission. We explored the association between women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods We used data from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in 28 countries in SSA. At the descriptive level, we calculated the prevalence of HIV testing in each of the countries. This was followed by the distribution of HIV testing across the socio-demographic characteristics of women. Finally, we used binary logistic regression to explore the likelihood of HIV testing by women’s health care decision-making capacity and socio-demographic characteristics. The results were presented as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios(AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals signifying precision. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results We found that prevalence of HIV testing in the 28 SSA countries was 64.4%, with Congo DR having the least (20.2%) and the highest occurred in Rwanda (97.4%). Women who took healthcare-decisions alone [COR=3.183, CI=2.880-3.519] or with their partners [COR=2.577, CI=2.335-2.844] were more likely to test for HIV compared to those whose healthcare-decisions were taken by others and this persisted after controlling for significant covariates [AOR=1.507, CI=1.321-1.720] and [AOR=1.518, CI=1.334-1.728], respectively. Conclusion SSA countries intending to improve HIV testing need to incorporate women’s healthcare decision-making capacity strategies. These strategies can include education and counselling. This is essential because our study indicates that the capacity of women to make healthcare decisions has an association with their decision to test for their HIV status.

scholarly journals Trends in obesity by socioeconomic status among non-pregnant women aged 15–49 y: a cross-sectional, multi-dimensional equity analysis of demographic and health surveys in 11 sub-Saharan Africa countries, 1994–2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oghenebrume Wariri ◽  
Jacob Albin Korem Alhassan ◽  
Godwin Mark ◽  
Oyinkansola Adesiyan ◽  
Lori Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract Background Global obesity estimates show a steadily increasing pattern across socioeconomic and geographical divides, especially among women. Our analysis tracked and described obesity trends across multiple equity dimensions among women of reproductive age (15–49 y) in 11 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries during 1994–2015. Methods This study consisted of a cross-sectional series analysis using nationally representative demographic and health surveys (DHS) data. The countries included were Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The data reported are from a reanalysis conducted using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit that assesses inter- and intra-country health inequalities across socioeconomic and geographical dimensions. We generated equiplots to display intra- and inter-country equity gaps. Results There was an increasing trend in obesity among women of reproductive age across all 11 SSA countries. Obesity increased unequally across wealth categories, place of residence and educational measures of inequality. The wealthiest, most educated and urban dwellers in most countries had a higher prevalence of obesity. However, in Comoros, obesity did not increase consistently with increasing wealth or education compared with other countries. The most educated and wealthiest women in Comoros had lower obesity rates compared with their less wealthy and less well-educated counterparts. Conclusion A window of opportunity is presented to governments to act structurally and at policy level to reduce obesity generally and prevent a greater burden on disadvantaged subpopulation groups in sub-Saharan Africa.

Changing sex differences in undernutrition of African children: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michel Garenne ◽  
Susan Thurstans ◽  
André Briend ◽  
Carmel Dolan ◽  
Tanya Khara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract The study investigates sex differences in the prevalence of undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. Undernutrition was defined by Z-scores using the CDC-2000 growth charts. Some 128 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were analysed, totalling 700,114 children under-five. The results revealed a higher susceptibility of boys to undernutrition. Male-to-female ratios of prevalence averaged 1.18 for stunting (height-for-age Z-score <−2.0); 1.01 for wasting (weight-for-height Z-score <−2.0); 1.05 for underweight (weight-for-age Z-score <−2.0); and 1.29 for concurrent wasting and stunting (weight-for-height and height-for-age Z-scores <−2.0). Sex ratios of prevalence varied with age for stunting and concurrent wasting and stunting, with higher values for children age 0–23 months and lower values for children age 24–59 months. Sex ratios of prevalence tended to increase with declining level of mortality for stunting, underweight and concurrent wasting and stunting, but remained stable for wasting. Comparisons were made with other anthropometric reference sets (NCHS-1977 and WHO-2006), and the results were found to differ somewhat from those obtained with CDC-2000. Possible rationales for these patterns are discussed.

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