A comparative assessment of dry eye disease among outdoor street sweepers and indoor office cleaners

Abstract Background Occupational predisposition to dry eye disease is known. Simultaneous exposure to multiple factors may pose more risk. Street sweepers are exposed to sunlight in addition to dust which all sweepers are exposed to. Tropical climate predisposes to significant exposure to sunlight. Combined exposure to dust and sunlight may lead to a synergy of factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) amongst Street sweepers and Office cleaners in Calabar metropolis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among street sweepers and office cleaners. A systematic random sampling and multi-stage sampling method were used to select street sweepers (n = 115) and office cleaners (n = 115) respectively for the study. A pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information after which the respondents had an ophthalmic examination. An assessment of DED was done with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test, and tear break up time (TBUT). OSDI scores of 33 and above; Schirmer’s test readings of < 10 mm wetting in 5 min and a TBUT of less than 10s in either eye were considered as positive dry eye disease. Results The majority of respondents were females 215(93.5%) compared to males 15 (6.5%). The overall mean age of respondents was 40.96 ± 9.8 years. The average OSDI score, Schirmer’s test as well as TBUT among participants was 26.4 ± 16.0, 16.44 ± 9.52 mm, and 12.38 ± 4.53 s respectively. The prevalence of DED among Street sweepers was 35.7% compared to 20% among office cleaners using the OSDI questionnaire (p = 0.352). The prevalence of DED among street sweepers was 32.2% compared to 30.4% among Office cleaners using the Schirmer’s test. (p = 0.73) The TBUT reported a prevalence of 38.3% of DED among Street sweepers compared to 32.2% in office cleaners. (p = 0.48) Overall; the prevalence of dry eye disease among Street sweepers and office cleaners using OSDI score, Schirmers test, as well as TBUT were not statistically significant (> 0.05) Street Sweepers had higher odds of developing dry eye disease compared to office cleaners (OR = 2.085; C.I. =1.106–3.929; p = 0.02). Negative correlation coefficient was observed between TBUT and OSDI (rs = − 0.102; p = 0.125). This was not statistically significant. Conclusion Street sweepers had a higher prevalence of dry eye disease compared to office cleaners due to a higher risk of increased exposure to environmental factors such as dust, smoke, and sunlight. This effect is possibly due to a synergy of factors. Studies on dose-response are warranted.

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A Comparative Assessment of Dry Eye Disease Among Outdoor Street Sweepers and Indoor Office Cleaners

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20627/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chigozie Ifeoma Echieh ◽

Bassey A Etim ◽

Chidiebere Peter Echieh ◽

Jeff Ajewole

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Simultaneous Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Multi Stage

Abstract Background:Occupational predisposition to dry eye disease is known. Simultaneous exposure to multiple factors may pose more risk. Street sweepers are exposed to sunlight in addition to dust which all sweepers are exposed to. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) amongst Street sweepers and Office cleaners in Calabar metropolis.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted among street sweepers and office cleaners. A systematic random sampling and multi-stage sampling method was used to select street sweepers (n=115) and office cleaners (n=115) respectively for the study. A pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information after which the respondents had an ophthalmic examination. An assessment of DED was done with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test and tear break up time (TBUT).Results:Majority of respondents were females 215(93.5%) compared to males 15 (6.5%). The overall mean age of respondents was 40.96 ± 9.8 years. The prevalence of DED among Street sweepers was 35.7% compared to 20% among office cleaners using the OSDI questionnaire. The prevalence of DED among street sweepers was 32.2% compared to 30.4% among Office cleaners using the Schirmer’s test. The TBUT reported a prevalence of 38.3% of DED among Street sweepers compared to 32.2% in Office cleaners.Conclusion:This study concluded that street sweepers had higher odds of developing dry eye disease compared to office cleaners. This effect is possibly due to synergy of factors. Studies on dose response are warranted. Strict use of protective gears that protect from multiple risk factors are recommended.

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PROPORTION OF PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS HAVING DRY EYE DISEASE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

10.36106/ijsr/5201336 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-29

Author(s):

Monica Mahesha ◽

Tanvi Patole

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Postgraduate Students ◽

Media Usage ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Physiotherapy Students

Background: The coronavirus outbreak has significantly affected people’s lives. As lockdown was imposed, media usage increased for academic and entertainment purposes. The increased usage of VDT has become a risk factor for developing dry eye disease. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate and postgraduate students. A validated questionnaire was distributed digitally and the severity of disease was measured using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Conclusion: The occurrence of dry eye disease in Physiotherapy students with the age group 18-27 years was found to be 54.35%. Thus, awareness about Dry Eye Disease (DED) and regular screening is required at regular intervals.

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Shift Work and Dry Eye Disease in the Korean Working Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5492

Author(s):

Joonho Ahn ◽

So-Jung Ryu ◽

Jihun Song ◽

Hyoung-Ryoul Kim

Keyword(s):

Shift Work ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Chi Square Test

This study aimed to evaluate the association between shift work and dry eye disease (DED) in the general population. The 2011 Korea Health Panel (KHP) was used. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between shift work and DED. Stratification analysis was conducted by sex and age. Overall, the odds ratio (OR) of DED according to shift work did not showed significant results (adjusted OR = 1.230, 95% CI 0.758–1.901). When findings were stratified based on age older or younger than 40 years, the OR of DED increased to 2.85 (95% CI: 1.25–5.90) in shift workers under 40 years of age. Our results show an association between shift work and DED in a group of younger subjects.

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A Survey on How Ocular Surface Demodex Infestation Interactively Associates with Diabetes Mellitus and Dry Eye Disease

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1007/s11686-021-00382-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Huang ◽

Shuze Chen ◽

Sheng Fu ◽

Yingli Li ◽

Zhenhao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

General Information ◽

Potential Interaction ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Demodex Infestation

Abstract Purpose Prevention of ocular surface (OS) Demodex infestation plays an important role in OS hygiene and variety of factors may be associated with it, in which diabetes mellitus (DM) or dry eye disease (DED) has caught the attention of most scholars. However, there has been no research on whether there was a potential interaction between DM and DED in the process of OS Demodex infestation. This cross-sectional study was implemented in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Methods Ophthalmologic interviews, questionnaires, and examinations were conducted. Factors including general information, DM status, dry eye condition, etc. were collected to study the correlation of DM and DED on OS Demodex infestation. Results After statistical analysis, we found that both DM (P < 0.001) and DED (P = 0.013 < 0.05) are closely associated with OS Demodex infestation. Compared with DED, DM has higher priority association with OS Demodex infestation, and patients with both diseases have a significant higher risk of OS Demodex infestation (R = 0.197, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, age (R = 0.299, P < 0.001) and hypertension (P < 0.05) were also correlated with OS Demodex infestation. Conclusion This study provides a new evidence-based basis for clinical prevention and management of OS Demodex infestation.

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Dry eye disease among Glaucoma patients on topical hypotensive medications, in a tertiary hospital, Ethiopia

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01917-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miraf Sahlu ◽

Abeba T. Giorgis

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Corneal Staining

Abstract Background Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease; causing various ocular symptoms with potential damage to the ocular surface. Applying hypotensive eye drops are presumed to initiate or exacerbate existing dry eye disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of signs and symptoms and severity of dry eye disease among glaucoma patients on topical hypotensive medications and controls. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study, involving 320 glaucoma patients and controls. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) symptoms score and Schirmer, tear breakup time and corneal staining tests were used to assess dry eye disease. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 software; p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Among the 160 study glaucoma patients, the mean duration of topical hypotensive medication use was 5.2 ± 5.21 years (range, 4 months - 32 years). Mild to severe level of OSDI score was found in 122 (76%) glaucoma patients and in 137 (86%) controls (p = 0.033). Mild to sever abnormal clinical tests in the glaucoma patients and control, respectively, were 106 (66%) vs 80 (50%) corneal staining (p = 0.045), 79 (49%) vs 72 (45%) TBUT (p = 0.021), and 91 (57%) vs 83 (52%) Schirmer test (p = 0.242). Test results at the level of sever: 2 (1%) vs 0 (0%) corneal staining, 50 (31%) vs 39 (24%) TBUT and 65 (41%) vs 60 (38%) Schirmer test in the glaucoma patents and controls, respectively. Corneal staining and TBUT had correlation with the number of drugs (p = 0.004 and 0.031, respectively), and more relationship of the two tests with total number of drops applied per day (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Patients on pilocarpine and timolol had more corneal staining and lower TBUT [(p = 0.011 and p < 0.001) and (p = 0.04 and 0.012), respectively]. Conclusions The study has identified glaucoma patients to be more affected by dry eye disease than non-glaucoma patients, and presence of significantly lower TBUT and higher corneal staining in the glaucoma patients on multidrops and multidose per day. We recommend consideration of evaluation and management of DED for glaucoma patients on multidrops and multidose hypotensive medications.

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Dry eye, its clinical subtypes and associated factors in healthy pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258233

Author(s):

Kofi Asiedu ◽

Samuel Kyei ◽

Madison Adanusa ◽

Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim ◽

Stephen Animful ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Evaporative Dry Eye

The study determined the frequency of dry eye, its clinical subtypes and risk factors among pregnant women. This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic of the University of Cape Coast hospital. Clinical dry eye tests were performed along with the administration of a symptom questionnaire. Frequencies, chi-square analysis and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the frequency of dry eye disease, its clinical subtypes and associated factors. The prevalence of dry eye disease among the cohort of pregnant women was 82/201 (40.8% 95% confidence interval 34.3%-47.3%). Among the 82 pregnant women with dry eye disease, the frequencies of the clinical subtypes of dry eye were: evaporative dry eye [15/82(18.3%; 95% CI, 12.2%–25.2%)], aqueous deficient dry eye [10/82(12.2.%; 95% CI, 7.3%–18.3)], mixed dry eye [6/82(7.3%; 95% CI, 3.7%–11.0%)], and unclassified dry eye [51/82(62.2%; 95% CI, 52.4%–72.0%)]. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were not significantly associated with dry eye: age, BMI, lipid profile, prolactin level, testosterone level, ocular protection index and blink rate. Only gestational age was significantly associated with dry eye disease in pregnancy. In conclusion, the current study showed that dry eye disease occurs frequently in pregnant women ranging from the first to the third trimester and it is associated with increasing gestational age. The evaporative dry eye was more common compared to the aqueous deficient dry eye, but most dry eye could not be classified.

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Effect of Online Classes on Dry Eye Disease in Children: A Hospital Based Survey

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v37i4.1322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sangameshwarayya Salimath ◽

Salma Sultana ◽

Brijesh Appasaheb Patil ◽

Kalpana R Kulkarni ◽

Shishir K. Nyamagoudar

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

P Value ◽

Online Classes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: To determine the effect of online classes on dry eye disease in children. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology HSK hospital, Navanagar, Bagalkot, India, from October 2020 to November 2020. Methods: A total of 454 students attending online classes between the ages of 3 – 18 years were selected. Questionnaire was presented which included name, age, sex, residence, duration of online studies and duration in hours per day along with the various signs and symptoms according to SPEED questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS version 17. Quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, while qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentages and compared by chi square test. P-value of < 0.005 was considered as significant. Results: Of the 454 responses, 316 (69.6%) had symptoms of dry eye disease, of which 159 were girls and 157 boys. There was no significant difference between boys and girls. Children taking online classes for 2 – 3 hours and for 4 to 6 months duration were more affected by the dry eye disease. Based on severity of grading system, 246 (84.2%) had mild symptoms, 42 (9.3%) had moderate symptoms and 28 ([6.2%) had severe symptoms. One hundred and twenty children visited ophthalmologist and 28.5% had their treatment of dry eye started. Conclusion: Online classes have resulted in increase in the frequency of dry eye disease in children. Proper education about the usage of screen time and educating parents about early treatment is essential. Key Words: Dry eye disease, Symptoms, Headache, Online learning.

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