Wasting in under five children is significantly varied between rice producing and non-producing households of Libokemkem district, Amhara region, Ethiopia

Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is infection which mainly attacks immune system of an individual. Its disease progress is rapid in children and if treatment is not initiated nearly half of infected children will die by the second year of infection. In Ethiopia, nearly twenty four percent of HIV related death is happen to under-five children; however studies done in this specific age group are limited are with poor evidence of predictors. Objectives To determine time to death and identify predictors of death in HIV infected under- five children on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara regional state, Oromia ‘liyu’ zone, Northeast Ethiopia, from 2014 to 2019. Methods Institution based retrospective follow up study was conducted in 376 under-five HIV- infected children on antiretroviral therapy from January 2014 to December 2019 in health institutions in Oromia Liyu Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent predictors of mortality in HIV- infected under-five children on antiretroviral therapy. Result At the end of follow up, 304 (80.85%) of HIV-infected children were alive, 39 (10.95%) were lost to follow up, 12 (3.19%) were transferred out and 21 (5.59%) were reported dead due to HIV/AIDS. The cumulative survival probabilities of children after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, 0.89 and 0.87 respectively. The overall mean time to death was 19.7 months (95%CI = 18.74–20.67) with incidence of 5.9 deaths per 100 child-months (95%CI: 3.89–9.09). Children with severe malnutrition at baseline (AHR = 4.9; 95 CI: 1.04, 23.50), advanced WHO clinical stage at enrolment (AHR = 3.9; CI: 1.37, 10.88), poor adherence to ART (AHR = 6.56; CI: 3.33, 10.14) and with no history of Isoniazide prophylaxis were significantly associated to higher mortality events (AHR = 3.6; CI: 1.24, 10.18). Conclusion Death of HIV-infected under-five children on ART is high within the first one year after enrolment. The risk of death increased if the child was malnourished at beginning of treatment, had poor ART adherence, with advanced WHO clinical stages and lack of Isoniazide prophylaxis during their age of infancy.

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Prevalence of malnutrition and associated risk factors among under-five children in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28643/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Damitie Kebede Mengesha ◽

Yidnekachew Merkeb

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Household Head ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Under Five ◽

Childhood Malnutrition ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Childhood malnutrition is the most widely prevalent among under-five children in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. This study intended to explore the major determinants of malnutrition and its association with anemia among under-five children in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.Methods The data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey were used. A total of 977 under-five children were included in this analysis. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used at a 5% level of significance to determine the individual- and community-level factors associated with childhood malnutrition. Results The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 46.3%, 9.8%, and 28.4%, respectively. About 23.1% of children were both stunting and underweight, 7.3% were both underweight and wasting, and only 4.5% of children had all the three conditions. Among the factors considered in this study, Age of child in months, size of child at birth, mother highest education level, sex of household head, sources of drinking water, and type of toilet facility were significantly associated with malnutrition in Amhara Region. Conclusion Malnutrition among under-five children was one of the public health problems in the Amhara Region. The influence of these factors should be considered to develop strategies for reducing malnutrition in Amhara Region. Finally improving the living standards of the children is important to get better health care, to enhance the child’s nutritional status, and reduce child mortality.

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Time To Death Among HIV-Infected Under-Five Children After Initiation Of Anti-Retroviral Therapy And Its Predictors In Oromiya Liyu Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Chohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-234377/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weldemariam Sintayehu Arega ◽

Bereka Tefera Marie ◽

Bitewa Yibelu Bazezew

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Severe Malnutrition ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Time To Death ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is infection which mainly attacks immune system of an individual. Its disease progress is rapid in children and if treatment is not initiated nearly half of infected children will die by the second year of infection. In Ethiopia, nearly twenty four percent of HIV related death is happen to under-five children; however studies done in this specific age group are limited are with poor evidence of predictors. Objectives: To determine time to death and identify predictors of death in HIV infected under-five children on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara regional state, Oromia ‘liyu’ zone, Northeast Ethiopia, from 2014 to 2019. Methods: Institution based retrospective follow up study was conducted in 376 under-five HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy from January 2014 to December 2019 in health institutions in Oromia Liyu Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent predictors of Mortality in HIV-infected under-five children on antiretroviral therapy. Results: At the end of follow up, 285 (80.28%) of HIV-infected children were alive, 39 (10.99%) were lost to follow up, 11 (3.94%) were transferred out and 21 (5.59%) were reported dead due to HIV/AIDS. The cumulative survival probabilities of children after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, 0.89 and 0.87 respectively. The overall mean time to death was 19.7 months (95%CI= 18.74-20.67) with incidence of 5.9 deaths per 100 child-months (95%CI: 3.89-9.09). Children with severe malnutrition at baseline (AHR=4.9; 95 CI: 1.04, 23.50), advanced WHO clinical stage at enrolment (AHR=3.9; CI: 1.37, 10.88), poor adherence to ART (AHR=6.56; CI: 3.33, 10.14) and with no history of Isoniazide prophylaxis were significantly associated to higher mortality events (AHR=3.6; CI: 1.24, 10.18). Conclusion: Death of HIV-infected under-five children on ART is high within the first one year after enrolment. The risk of death increased if the child was malnourished at begging of treatment, had poor ART adherence, with advanced WHO clinical stages and lack of Isoniazide prophylaxis during their age of infancy.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors to Uvula Cutting on Under Five Children in Amhara Region, Debre Birhan Town, 2016/ 2017

International Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health ◽

10.12974/2311-8687.2017.05.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 40-48

Author(s):

Sisay wasinad ◽

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Debre Birhan

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Incidence of Tuberculosis and its Predictors Among Under-Five Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition in North Shoa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3671427 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yared Asmare Aynalem ◽

Lemma Getacher ◽

Yonatan Eshete Ashene ◽

Tadesse Yirga Akalu ◽

Getachew Yideg Yitbarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

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Using geographically weighted regression analysis to cluster under-nutrition and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia: Evidence from demographic and health survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0248156

Author(s):

Amare Muche ◽

Mequannent Sharew Melaku ◽

Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu ◽

Metadel Adane

Keyword(s):

Geographically Weighted Regression ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Least Square ◽

Weighted Regression ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Tigray Region ◽

Under Nutrition ◽

Afar Region

Background Malnutrition among under-five children is a common public health problem and it is one of the main cause for the mortality of under-five children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, lack of evidence about geographic heterogeneity and predictors of under-nutrition hinders for evidence-based decision-making process for the prevention and control programs of under-nutrition in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to address this gap. Methods The data were obtained from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016. A total of 9,384 under-five children nested in 645 clusters were included with a stratified two-stage cluster sampling. ArcGIS version 10.5 software was used for global, local and ordinary least square analysis and mapping. The spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I) statistic was held in order to assess the pattern of wasting, stunting, and underweight whether it was dispersed, clustered, or randomly distributed. In addition, a Bernoulli model was used to analyze the purely spatial cluster detection of under-nutrition indicators through SaTScan version 9.6 software. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) version 4.0 software was used to model spatial relationships in the GWR analysis. Finally, a statistical decision was made at p-value<0.05 with 95%CI for ordinary least square analysis and geographically weighted regression. Main findings Childhood under-nutrition showed geographical variations at zonal levels in Ethiopia. Accordingly, Somali region (Afder, Gode, Korahe, Warder Zones), Afar region (Zone 2), Tigray region (Southern Zone), and Amhara region (Waghmira Zones) for wasting, Amhara region (West Gojam, Awi, South Gondar, and Waghmira Zones) for stunting and Amhara region (South Wollo, North Wollo, Awi, South Gondar, and Waghmira zones), Afar region (Zone 2), Tigray region (Eastern Zone, North Western Zone, Central Zone, Southern Zone, and Mekele Special Zones), and Benshangul region (Metekel and Assosa Zones) for underweight were detected as hot spot (high risk) regions. In GWR analysis, had unimproved toilet facility for stunting, wasting and underweight, father had primary education for stunting and wasting, father had secondary education for stunting and underweight, mothers age 35–49 years for wasting and underweight, having female children for stunting, having children eight and above for wasting, and mother had primary education for underweight were significant predictors at (p<0.001). Conclusions Our study showed that the spatial distribution of under-nutrition was clustered and high-risk areas were identified in all forms of under-nutrition indicators. Predictors of under-nutrition were identified in all forms of under-nutrition indicators. Thus, geographic-based nutritional interventions mainly mobilizing additional resources could be held to reduce the burden of childhood under-nutrition in hot spot areas. In addition, improving sanitation and hygiene practice, improving the life style of the community, and promotion of parent education in the identified hot spot zones for under-nutrition should be more emphasized.

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