scholarly journals Adult ADHD and emerging models of maladaptive personality: a meta-analytic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jacobsson ◽  
Christopher J. Hopwood ◽  
Bo Söderpalm ◽  
Thomas Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

Abstract Background ADHD is a highly consequential disorder that is estimated to affect 2.5% of the adult population. Emerging models of psychopathology posit that disorders like ADHD can be usefully situated within general models of individual differences in personality, such as those recently implemented in the DSM and ICD for the diagnosis of personality disorder. Previous research and systematic reviews have linked adult ADHD to the personality traits Conscientious Inhibition and Negative Emotionality. However, there have been some inconsistencies in the literature and research embedding ADHD-personality connections in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder models has been limited. The goal of this paper was to systematically review associations between adult ADHD and personality traits, organized within a maladaptive five factor framework. Method A comprehensive literature search yielded 13 papers whose effects were meta-analyzed. Results Results supported associations between ADHD and low Conscientious Inhibition and high Negative Emotionality. However, interesting patterns of variability were observed, potentially related to issues such as instrumentation and facet variation. Conclusion Results support the clinical application of personality assessment for suggesting risk for ADHD symptoms, and point to important directions for further research.

scholarly journals Adult ADHD and Emerging Models of Maladaptive Personality: A Meta-Analytic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jacobsson ◽  
Christopher J. Hopwood ◽  
Bo Söderpalm ◽  
Thomas Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

Abstract Background: ADHD is a highly consequential disorder that is estimated to affect 2.5% of the adult population. Emerging models of psychopathology posit that disorders like ADHD can be usefully situated within general models of individual differences in personality, such as those recently implemented in the DSM and ICD for the diagnosis of personality disorder. Previous research and systematic reviews have linked adult ADHD to the personality traits Conscientious Inhibition and Negative Emotionality. However, there have been some inconsistencies in the literature and research embedding ADHD-personality connections in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder models has been limited. The goal of this paper was to systematically review associations between adult ADHD and personality traits, organized within a maladaptive five factor framework. Methods: A comprehensive literature search yielded 13 papers whose effects were meta-analyzed. Results: Results supported associations between ADHD and low Conscientious Inhibition and high Negative Emotionality. However, interesting patterns of variability were observed, potentially related to issues such as instrumentation and facet variation. Conclusion: Results support the clinical application of personality assessment for suggesting risk for ADHD symptoms, and point to important directions for further research.

Relating DSM-5 section III personality traits to section II personality disorder diagnoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Morey ◽  
K. T. Benson ◽  
A. E. Skodol
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group formulated a hybrid dimensional/categorical model that represented personality disorders as combinations of core impairments in personality functioning with specific configurations of problematic personality traits. Specific clusters of traits were selected to serve as indicators for six DSM categorical diagnoses to be retained in this system – antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive–compulsive and schizotypal personality disorders. The goal of the current study was to describe the empirical relationships between the DSM-5 section III pathological traits and DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II personality disorder diagnoses.MethodData were obtained from a sample of 337 clinicians, each of whom rated one of his or her patients on all aspects of the DSM-IV and DSM-5 proposed alternative model. Regression models were constructed to examine trait–disorder relationships, and the incremental validity of core personality dysfunctions (i.e. criterion A features for each disorder) was examined in combination with the specified trait clusters.ResultsFindings suggested that the trait assignments specified by the Work Group tended to be substantially associated with corresponding DSM-IV concepts, and the criterion A features provided additional diagnostic information in all but one instance.ConclusionsAlthough the DSM-5 section III alternative model provided a substantially different taxonomic structure for personality disorders, the associations between this new approach and the traditional personality disorder concepts in DSM-5 section II make it possible to render traditional personality disorder concepts using alternative model traits in combination with core impairments in personality functioning.

The Purpose of this Research was Standardizing the Questionnaire of Personality Disorder Cluster A

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S256-S256
Author(s):  
N. Farrokhi ◽  
S. Ghahari
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAs more or less stable personality traits of the person, temperament, intellect and body is what makes an individual unique compatibility with the environment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was standardizing the questionnaire of personality disorder cluster A. On the basis of realizing criterion standard, DSM- 5.Method1303 people from universities of Tehran and Alborz provinces (753 females and 550 males) were examined by using the randomized sampling method. The questions of the questionnaire were conformed Dr. ShahramVaziri on the basis of Iran s population and culture. Then the reliability was tested and accomplished simultaneously Millon(MCMI-III) questionnaire.ResultAfter computing the correlation scales of Millon test with each of the questions, 20 questions that showed the highest correlation and diagnosis coefficient were chosen and scored again in next stage.ConclusionsInvestigating the psychometric component of three scales (Paranoid 60%, Schizoid 66%, Schizotypal 59%) shows that they are reliable and defensibly valid. It can be said that questions related to all three measures paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal of acceptable psychometric properties and reliability are desirable.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents - Personality Traits in the Adolescents and in the Parents

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
V. Ramos ◽  
I. Leal ◽  
J. Maroco
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Research Goal

The research goal is to describe and characterize the psychological dynamics of the adolescents diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and their parents, observing the dominant personality styles in adolescents with BPD and the personality traits of the parents (mother and father).Considering that recent studies underline the importance of family interactions in the pathogenesis of BPD we will analyze the relation between personality characteristics of the adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder and the parents’ personality traits.The exploratory and comparative study has a sample comprised of 21 adolescents (11 boys and 10 girls) with ages between 16 and 18 years old, observed in child mental health services and 34 parents (N = 55).Adolescents will be assessed with the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) and the parents with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III).The results showed that the parents obtained high mean scores in the Compulsive and Narcissistic Personality Traits. the adolescents showed high mean scores on the Unruly, Forceful and Egotistic personality styles scales.The studies on BPD have some limitations, namely the fact that they normally observe the adult population, with fewer research dedicated to adolescents.We consider that there is a need to search for the aetiological factors of the disorder and possible developmental patterns and if it is a personality disorder research should look to the personality traits of the adolescents and to their relational environment as a way to overcome those limitations.

DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder Dysfunctional Personality Traits as Predictors of Self-Reported Aggression in an Italian Sample of Consecutively Admitted, Personality-Disordered Psychotherapy Patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Somma ◽  
Robert F. Krueger ◽  
Kristian E. Markon ◽  
Valentina B. M. Alajmo ◽  
Emanuela Arlotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Personality Disordered

In order to assess the relationships between DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) maladaptive personality traits and self-reports of aggression, 508 Italian adult participants who met at least one DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II personality disorder (PD) diagnosis were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Analysis results showed that multiple regression results, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking trait scale scores explained a large amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression (PA) scores. Moreover, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking explained more than 20% of the variance in the AQ Physical Aggression scale scores that was left unexplained by selected continuously scored DSM-IV Axis II/ DSM-5 Section II PDs, whereas SCID-II Paranoid, Narcissistic, Borderline, and Antisocial PDs added only 4% of variance to the amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression scores that was already explained by the PID-5 trait scale scores.

The DSM–5 section III personality disorder criterion a in relation to both pathological and general personality traits.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea E. Sleep ◽  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Donald R. Lynam ◽  
Joshua D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A
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