scholarly journals Individual, social and environmental determinants of smokeless tobacco and betel quid use amongst adolescents of Karachi: a school-based cross-sectional survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmina Hussain ◽  
Sidra Zaheer ◽  
Kashif Shafique
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based

scholarly journals Defining the socio-economic and environmental determinants for high tobacco consumption behaviors among interstate migrant construction workers in Chennai: an observational analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Sree T. Sucharitha ◽  
Balaji Arumugam ◽  
Suganya E. ◽  
Divyadharshini S. ◽  
Akshaya P.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
One Year

Background: Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (GATS) reveals significant improvements in the decline of tobacco consumption in the past decades, however vulnerable population groups such as migrant construction workers tobacco consumption behaviors in Chennai remain understudied, thus the study was planned to estimate the socio-economic and environmental determinants for high tobacco consumption behaviors among interstate migrant construction workers in Chennai.Methods: A cross sectional survey was undertaken using a pre-tested structured questionnaire adapted from GATS survey questionnaire assessing the socio-demographic and environmental determinants for tobacco use among study population across 13 construction sites in Chennai during May-September 2019. Data was entered in MS-Excel and analysed using SPSS.Results: Among 345 migrant construction workers, mean age of the subjects was 28.42±8.7 years, 338 (98%) were current tobacco users by smoking, chewing, snuffing, of whom 198 (58.6%) used smokeless forms of tobacco like gutkha, khaini, chewing tobacco leaves, betel quid, tobacco snuff, 98 (29%) were smokers and 42 (12.4%) were dual users i.e. both cigarettes and beedis. Khaini (57%) is the dominant form of tobacco used among migrant construction workers. Mean age of initiation of tobacco use was 21.58 years and 21.17, and 22.73 and 19.5 years for smoking, SLT and dual users respectively. The migrant construction workers with no formal literacy(p=0.000), monthly income of more than 10000 (p=0.020) Indian rupees and migrants for less than one year duration (p=0.05)were more likely using the smokeless tobacco than any other socio demographic group.Conclusions: Tobacco prevalence especially smokeless tobacco use is alarmingly high among interstate migrant construction workers to Chennai.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene and Tobacco Use Practices in Rural Villages of Jhapa District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Bishal Babu Basnet ◽  
Khem Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Rural Villages

Background: Smoking and use of smokeless tobacco affect oral as well as general health. People are reluctant to achieve good oral health in lieu of the avoidance of deleterious habits. The objective of this study was to analyze two contrasting health behaviors; the oral hygiene practices against tobacco use in a sample from eastern Terai.Methods: This is questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey carried out in Jhapa district located in eastern Nepal. In this report, practice of toothbrushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, frequency of using tobacco related products (paan, gutkha, chilim, cigarette, bidi, hukkah) was assessed. Association of health behavior to sociodemographic variables were tested with regression analysis at 95% confidence limits.Results: A total of 1178 respondents (response rate = 96.8%) completed the interview, among them 80.8% were males. Mean age was 52.21 years (SD = 15.943). Overall 72.6% used fluoridated toothpaste and toothbrush for cleaning teeth, 58.8% consumed tobacco related products. Interdental aids utilization was very less (1.2% using dental floss). Age was significantly related to both toothbrushing and tobacco-consuming. Educational status was related significantly to toothbrushing (p<0.05). Other sociodemographic variables (marital status, ethnicity, educational status) were not related to consumption of deleterious products (p>0.05).Conclusions: Our results showed that consumption of tobacco related products is moderately high in Terai village and oral health practice was found to be influenced by educational status. More such studies to identify status of oral health and impact of tobacco are recommended.Keywords: Oral health; smokeless tobacco; smoking; tobacco

Relationship between Educational and Occupational Status of Parents and their involvement in Adolescents’ Academic Achievements in Agona West Municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Akosua Serwaa-Adomako Boateng ◽  
Kwesi Nkum Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study was conducted to know whether education level and occupational status of parents in the Agona West Municipality of Ghana have any significant relationship with parental involvement in adolescent academic achievement. The cross-sectional survey and correlational research designs were employed and data were collected with the use of a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was self-administered to the 310 basics 8 pupils that were purposively sampled from the 6 randomly selected schools. Findings revealed that, in the Agona West Municipality, education level of both mothers and fathers had a significant relationship with parent’s ability to engage in school based activities of pupils as well as encouraging the pupils with respect to their academic achievement. However, occupational status of only fathers had a significant relationship with parent’s ability to involve in school based activities. Additionally, no significant relationship between a parent’s occupational status and their ability to encourage pupils with respect to their academic achievement was found. The authors provide guidance implications and recommendations based on the findings from the study.

scholarly journals Multiscale environmental determinants of Leishmania vectors in the urban-rural context

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gabriela Quintana ◽  
María Soledad Santini ◽  
Regino Cavia ◽  
Mariela Florencia Martínez ◽  
Domingo Javier Liotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Landscape Characteristics

Abstract Background In South America, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are emerging diseases, expanding in the border area of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Outbreaks of CL were reported since the 1990s, with Nyssomyia whitmani as the main vector in this region. Regarding VL, urban reports started in 2010 with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the main vector. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental determinants related to the main vectors of leishmaniasis, to contribute to the prevention and control response to the emergence of VL and CL in the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border region. Methods The cross-sectional survey includes two cities and two close rural areas in the Argentinean Northeast Region, between November 2014 and January 2015, with a total of 95 sampling sites. REDILA-BL traps were set for three consecutive nights, and a total of 68 meso- and microscale environmental and landscape characteristics were surveyed. The association between vector abundance with different variables was evaluated using a generalized linear model with zero-inflated negative binomial distribution. We analyzed females for detection of Leishmania DNA. Results The analysis for Lu. longipalpis indicates an excess of absences when the mean NDWI around the sites were higher. The abundance of Lu. longipalpis at mesoscale level was higher when more urban services were present, and when blood sources such as chickens or dogs at the microscale level were present. For Ny. whitmani, no variable was found to be associated with the absences, while its abundance increased in association with the following variables: percentage of tree cover, presence of garbage collection service, hosted people and, at microscale, the presence of poultry. Leshmania infantum DNA was detected in 2/49 (4%) Lu. longipalpis. Conclusions The abundance of both species is influenced by variables at different scales, their influence probably has a hierarchy and they are acting on different aspects of the biology of these vectors. The urban spatial segregation of Lu. longipalpis and the peri-urban and rural segregation of N. whitmani increase the risk of VL and CL. The selection of the better variables for each scale will allow the design of appropriate control strategies depending on species.

scholarly journals Nye bruksmønstre i et tobakksmarked i endring – kombinert bruk av sigaretter, snus og e-sigaretter blant ungdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Stub Lundberg ◽  
Elisabeth Kvaavik ◽  
Rikke Tokle
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
School Based ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Objectives: There is limited research on combined use of cigarettes, snus and e-cigarettes in the Nordic countries. This study will investigate whether this pattern of use occurs among adolescents in Norway. In addition, we will investigate the association between combined use of several tobacco products, e-cigarettes and socio-demographic and psychosocial factors (SPF). Method: A school-based cross-sectional survey of adolescents in the 8th to the 12th grade ( N = 875) in 2014. Information on the use of cigarettes, snus, e-cigarettes and SPF was collected using an electronic questionnaire. Results: Of the adolescents, 31% reported having tried or used one or more tobacco product and/or e-cigarette. Of these, over half reported having tried or used one product, 1/3 two products and 1/10 three products. There were more boys among poly-users (63%) than among single-users (44%). Compared to single-users, poly-users also reported weaker school performance (30% and 11%, respectively), more often reported drinking alcohol to intoxication (91% and 75%, respectively), and having tried cannabis (28% and 9%, respectively). Poly-users also scored higher on impulsivity, sensation-seeking and depression. Conclusion: The study shows that combined use of tobacco products and e-cigarettes occurs among young people in Norway. Such use was associated with psychosocial and socio-demographic risk factors. There is a need to investigate this phenomenon in more details in representative samples.

scholarly journals Difference in Gender Perception Regarding Smokeless Tobacco; A Cross Sectional Survey from Karachi Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOUSHEEN Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Dawood Amir Sheikh ◽  
Urooj Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Safia Awan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BackgroundSmokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is high in south Asia where it is a leading cause of head and neck cancer. However, limited data available on the perception of SLT consumption among males and females. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to December 2018 in five major hospitals of Karachi Pakistan. All male and female, using SLT were first identified through random convenient sampling and then interviewed, 500 participants were approached and 455 were consented to participate in the study. ResultsOut of 455, 286(61.9%) were male, the mean age was 36.8±13.4 years. Among them 97(34%) males and 3(1.8%) females were also using cigarettes. Major reason for starting SLT among women was the norm of family 56(33%) followed by emotional stress relief 53(31%), while among male 69 (24%) started for emotional stress relief followed by the curiosity of trying something new in 59 (20.6%).Both male 205(71.7%) and female 130(76.9%) think it is less harmful then smoking while 44% (127) male and 63(37%) female think its bed for health. Only 100(35%) of men and 71(42%) of women believed that SLT use could cause cancer. Conclusion Smokeless tobacco is considered as less harmful among males and females. Social acceptability was also found to be common. Awareness regarding the harmful effect of SLT is required among both males and females.

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