scholarly journals Nye bruksmønstre i et tobakksmarked i endring – kombinert bruk av sigaretter, snus og e-sigaretter blant ungdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Stub Lundberg ◽  
Elisabeth Kvaavik ◽  
Rikke Tokle
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
School Based ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Objectives: There is limited research on combined use of cigarettes, snus and e-cigarettes in the Nordic countries. This study will investigate whether this pattern of use occurs among adolescents in Norway. In addition, we will investigate the association between combined use of several tobacco products, e-cigarettes and socio-demographic and psychosocial factors (SPF). Method: A school-based cross-sectional survey of adolescents in the 8th to the 12th grade ( N = 875) in 2014. Information on the use of cigarettes, snus, e-cigarettes and SPF was collected using an electronic questionnaire. Results: Of the adolescents, 31% reported having tried or used one or more tobacco product and/or e-cigarette. Of these, over half reported having tried or used one product, 1/3 two products and 1/10 three products. There were more boys among poly-users (63%) than among single-users (44%). Compared to single-users, poly-users also reported weaker school performance (30% and 11%, respectively), more often reported drinking alcohol to intoxication (91% and 75%, respectively), and having tried cannabis (28% and 9%, respectively). Poly-users also scored higher on impulsivity, sensation-seeking and depression. Conclusion: The study shows that combined use of tobacco products and e-cigarettes occurs among young people in Norway. Such use was associated with psychosocial and socio-demographic risk factors. There is a need to investigate this phenomenon in more details in representative samples.

scholarly journals Domestic violence among female psychiatric patients: cross-sectional survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Morgan ◽  
Gabriella Zolese ◽  
Jane McNulty ◽  
Sharon Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Aims and methodTo establish prevalence of domestic violence among female psychiatric patients, including risk factors, health professional attention and acceptability of routine enquiry. Participants were 70 adult women in an inner-city community mental health team who received questionnaire and case-note review. Main outcome measures were: lifetime/point prevalence of domestic violence; attitudes to routine enquiry; past disclosure and recording in psychiatric records; clinical and demographic risk factors.ResultsLifetime prevalence was 60% for physical violence from partners, 27% during pregnancy and 40% receiving injuries. Point prevalence was not reported, as an insufficient number of participants were currently in a relationship. As many as 82% regarded routine enquiry as acceptable, but only 24% had ever been questioned. Logistic regression analysis showed prediction by presence of children, previous overdose, and experience of sexual abuse.Clinical implicationsDomestic violence in female psychiatric patients is common but undetected. Enquiry should be routine, but would require staff training.

Academics’ perceptions of bullying at work: insights from Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Ahmad ◽  
Rukhsana Kalim ◽  
Ahmad Kaleem
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Perceptions Of Bullying ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Purpose Despite an extensive history of research into workplace bullying and the psychosomatic harm associated with it in western contexts, research into the occurrence and manifestation of bullying behavior in the academic workplaces of non-western countries is sparse. In response to this gap, the purpose of this paper is to start a research conversation by reporting an empirical enquiry into the occurrence, forms and perceptions of workplace bullying among academics in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted with a representative sample of academics in a large Pakistani province through a cross-sectional survey. Findings This study reveals that workplace bullying is prevalent among academics in the Pakistani context, with up to half of them regularly exposed to practices such as excessive work monitoring, undermining of professional competence, lack of recognition of work contributions and obstruction of important work-related matters. Research limitations/implications The findings underscore the need for developing broader institutional actions, clear policies and grievance procedures to discourage bullying at work in Pakistan. Higher educational managers will find the results useful for development of anti-bullying policies and codes of conduct. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the perceptions, occurrence and demographic risk factors associated with workplace bullying among academics in the Pakistani context.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Use and Harm Perception of Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): The 2019 Cross-Sectional Survey among Medical Students from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3381
Author(s):  
Paulina Majek ◽  
Mateusz Jankowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Nowak ◽  
Maksymilian Macherski ◽  
Maciej Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Medical University

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are devices for generating a nicotine aerosol by heating the tobacco sticks. This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of HTP and tobacco cigarette usage among medical students, (2) to characterize smoking habits and (3) to assess students’ awareness and opinions about HTPs. A cross-sectional survey on the frequency and attitudes toward cigarettes, e-cigarettes and HTP use was performed between 2019–2020 at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland). The data were obtained from 1344 students aged 21.8 ± 1.9 years (response rate: 66.9%). Current traditional tobacco use was 13.2%, e-cigarettes use 3.5%, and HTP use 2.8% of students. Duration of use was shorter among HTPs users comparing to cigarette smokers (p < 0.001) although the number of tobacco sticks used daily was similar (p = 0.1). Almost 30% of respondents have ever tried HTPs. HTPs were considered safe by 5.3% of respondents (43.2% of HTP users vs. 3.9% of non-HTP users, p < 0.001). HTP users were more likely to report that heating tobacco is not addictive (odds ratio (OR) = 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–45.8) and disagreed with a public ban on HTP use (OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 2.5–9.8). Among students, HTP use was less popular than cigarette smoking, but awareness of their presence is widespread.

scholarly journals Identifying At-Risk Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Femke Geusens ◽  
Cabral A. Bigman-Galimore ◽  
Kathleen Beullens
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background & purpose. Research indicates a positive relationship between sharing alcohol references on social media and drinking behavior. The current study extends that line of research by assessing the interaction of risk-related personality traits with alcohol-related social media use, to examine if social media can be used to identify individuals at risk for heavy drinking behavior. Methods & results. The results of a cross-sectional survey among a sample of 638 emerging adults (age 18-25) find that the positive association between sharing alcohol references on social media and drinking intention was strongest for individuals with low levels of sensation seeking and sensitivity to peer pressure, and high levels of self-control, and non-significant for those on the other end of these personality traits. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the relationship between sharing alcohol references and drinking intentions is not uniform for all individuals, and that risk-related individual differences should be considered in future research and interventions.

scholarly journals Survey of compliance with the cigarettes and other tobacco products act, 2003 at schools in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mathias ◽  
Pratap Kumar Jena ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Shah ◽  
Jay Prakash Sah ◽  
Koshish Raj Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Tobacco use is a major problem of public health significance as the tobacco smoking causes a wide range of diseases and adverse health impacts that affect nearly every organ of the body. The COTPA, 2003 i.e., the Indian smoke-free legislation “Prohibition of smoking in Public places” which forbids smoking in public places, including educational institutions. The main objective of this study is to assess the compliance of Section 4 and Section 6(b) of cigarettes and other tobacco products act (COTPA), 2003 in schools, to observe compliance of smoking ban at public places, to observe compliance of display of signboards at prominent places, to observe for direct and indirect evidence of smoking and other tobacco products used in school buildings and premises, to study the availability of tobacco products within 100 yards of school premises.Methods: A cross sectional survey in 100 schools in Dakshina Kannada district using compliance guide developed by partners of Bloomberg School of Public health to reduce tobacco use.Results: In 100 schools, 55 were rural area and 45 from urban area, further division shows government/semi-government schools were 44 and Private schools were 56. Section 4 for the presence of signboard, there is an association between the Management wise schools and presence of signboards (p=0.001), for section 6(b) of COTPA, there is an association between this Section and type of management (p=0.004).Conclusions: The schools depending upon the location show varied compliance towards the law. The Section 6(b) shows better compliance than Section 4.This study will help to address the implementation issues of COTPA. 

scholarly journals A National Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Tobacco and Nicotine Product Usage Patterns and Behaviour Since the Introduction of Tobacco Heating Products in Japan: Wave 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Jones ◽  
Jason Adamson ◽  
Claudia Kanitscheider ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Oscar M. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Japanese Residents ◽  
Risk Potential ◽  
Current Tobacco

Providing data on usage patterns is key to assessing the reduced-risk potential of novel tobacco and nicotine products at a population level. We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of the general population in Japan to assess usage patterns after the introduction of tobacco heating products (THPs). Eligible participants were Japanese residents, aged 20 years or older who consented to complete the survey. Individuals living in institutions were excluded. A three-stage probability sampling method was applied that was geographically stratified by street blocks proportionate to population density. Respondents self-reported patterns of product use and reasons for THP use. Complete responses were available from 5,306 individuals, of whom 933.5 (17.6%) were current users, 984.2 (18.5%) were former users and 3388.4 (63.9%) were never users of tobacco products. Cigarettes were used by 14.6% of current tobacco product users and THPs by 5.3%. Cigarettes and THPs were used exclusively by 64.5% and 12.2%, respectively, and both were used by 12.7%. The most common reasons reported for THP use were perceived reduction in harm to self and others compared to cigarettes. While the prevalence of cigarette use in Japan is decreasing, THPs seem to be increasingly used as long-term alternatives to cigarette smoking.

Relationship between Educational and Occupational Status of Parents and their involvement in Adolescents’ Academic Achievements in Agona West Municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Akosua Serwaa-Adomako Boateng ◽  
Kwesi Nkum Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study was conducted to know whether education level and occupational status of parents in the Agona West Municipality of Ghana have any significant relationship with parental involvement in adolescent academic achievement. The cross-sectional survey and correlational research designs were employed and data were collected with the use of a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was self-administered to the 310 basics 8 pupils that were purposively sampled from the 6 randomly selected schools. Findings revealed that, in the Agona West Municipality, education level of both mothers and fathers had a significant relationship with parent’s ability to engage in school based activities of pupils as well as encouraging the pupils with respect to their academic achievement. However, occupational status of only fathers had a significant relationship with parent’s ability to involve in school based activities. Additionally, no significant relationship between a parent’s occupational status and their ability to encourage pupils with respect to their academic achievement was found. The authors provide guidance implications and recommendations based on the findings from the study.

scholarly journals Are Heated Tobacco Product Users Less Likely to Quit than Cigarette Smokers? Findings from THINK (Tobacco and Health IN Korea) Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8622
Author(s):  
Cheol Min Lee ◽  
Choon-Young Kim ◽  
Kiheon Lee ◽  
Sungroul Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
The Difference

Since the advent of heated tobacco products in June 2017 in South Korea, the sale of heated tobacco products accounted for 10.5% of total tobacco sales in 2019. However, the decreasing trend in total tobacco sales is gradually weakening and the number of visitors using stop smoking services has also dropped. This study examines the association between the use of new tobacco products and related products and cessation behaviors. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted from March 2019 to July 2019 for 2831 adult tobacco users. The difference in rates of quit attempts using the type of tobacco products and related products in the past year were noted (55.6% (any cigarette smoker), 46.7% (any e-cigarette user), and 39.6% (any heated tobacco product user)). About a 30% increase in quit attempts was observed for the triple users of either conventional cigarette or heated tobacco product than exclusive users. Exclusive heated tobacco product and e-cigarette users were approximately 40% and 20% less likely to quit the product they used than exclusive cigarette smokers, respectively. These findings can explain recent occurrences in South Korea, such as the reduction of visitors at smoking cessation clinics and the attenuation of the decline in tobacco sales.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on the awareness, susceptibility and use of heated tobacco products among adolescents in Guatemala City, Guatemala

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e039792
Author(s):  
Anna Gottschlich ◽  
Sophia Mus ◽  
Jose Carlos Monzon ◽  
James F Thrasher ◽  
Joaquin Barnoya
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Past

ObjectivesHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are increasingly marketed worldwide, yet limited research on HTPs has been conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) or among adolescents. Guatemala is one of the few LMICs where HTPs are available. This study examined prevalence and correlates of HTP awareness, susceptibility and use among adolescents in Guatemala.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional survey on HTP awareness, susceptibility and use was conducted among 2870 students between the ages of 13 and 17 in private schools in Guatemala City, Guatemala.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was susceptibility to future use of HTP among school-aged current and never smokers in Guatemala. We also explored awareness and use of HTPs. Multivariate binomial regression models were used to explore associations between these outcomes and both sociodemographic factors and established smoking correlates.ResultsOf all students (n=2870), about half were aware of HTPs (52.4%) and susceptible to future or continued use (52.4%). Whereas 8.4% of students had tried HTPs in the lifetime (but not in the last month), only 2.9% used HTPs in the past month. Independent correlates of HTP susceptibility and ever-use included: use of other tobacco products (current smoking: adjusted OR (AOR)=10.53 and 6.63, respectively; current e-cigarette use: AOR=21.87 and 10.40, respectively), moderate alcohol consumption (AOR=1.49 and 1.19, respectively), marijuana use in the past 30 days (AOR=3.49 and 2.29, respectively) and having friends who use HTPs (AOR=1.83 and 7.28, respectively).ConclusionsAmong this sample of adolescents in Guatemala City, where tobacco control is weak, the prevalence of HTP use was low but susceptibility to future use was high. Tobacco prevention and intervention strategies for cigarettes and e-cigarettes should now also include HTPs, which tend to be used by similar adolescent populations (ie, those who use other substances or are exposed to tobacco through family and friends).

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