Childhood diabetes: a myth or reality?- perception of the public from a low-income country: a cross-sectional study

Background: The burden of Diabetes in South Asia is alarming as the prevalence is higher compared to other region, living cost is low after Sub Saharan Africa and health care system are in state of expanding to be more accessible and adequate. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the direct cost of illness among diabetic patient regularly visiting at outpatient department (OPD) in BPKIHS. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in year 2018. 142 patients with at least nine visit per year were enrolled. The direct cost were calculated from the pattern of prescription of medications and laboratory investigations carried out over a year of the individual patient. The data were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among the 142 patients on 37.5% were in mono-therapy and 62.5% were in poly-therapy. The direct cost of illness was USD 103 per annum that includes drug and investigation cost expensed at OPD visit. The average indirect cost was USD 102 per annum including travel and food. Among 142 patient the cost of illness on inpatient due to DM was USD 85.47 per event. Conclusion: The financial burden of being a diabetic in Nepal is high. Comprehensive quality care by expansion of health system and service with nominal charges to patient seems to be one of the challenges in Nepal.

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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use among the Population of Boyolali, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8258

Author(s):

Hidayah Karuniawati ◽

Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali ◽

Sri Suryawati ◽

Wan Ismahanisa Ismail ◽

Taufik Taufik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Antibiotics Use ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Misuse and overuse of antibiotics are potential causes of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Having information about the knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning antibiotics use by the public might help control ABR growth. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the levels and associated factors of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of antibiotics use among the public. A questionnaire was designed and validated, which consisted of a total of 51 questions with four sections: demographics (6), knowledge (20), attitude (12), and practice (13) to measure KAP. Univariate analysis (using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis analysis) was applied to assess the differences in the mean scores of KAP. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with KAP. Finally, using Spearman analysis we have examined the correlation between responses to the KAP. The sample size of this study was 575, with a 99.96% response rate. Regarding knowledge, 73.12% of respondents stated that antibiotics could be used to treat viral infections, and 63.35% of respondents answered that antibiotics could reduce fever. Concerning attitude, 50% of respondents had considered stopping taking antibiotics as soon as symptoms had disappeared. In analyzing practice, we found 40% of respondents obtained antibiotics from a pharmacy without a prescription from a physician, a nurse, or a midwife. Statistical analysis revealed that KAP about antibiotic use was significantly associated with gender, area of residence, level of education, and monthly income (p < 0.05). Our findings concluded that men, respondents with low income, those with low-level education, and those living in rural areas are more prone to excessive use of antibiotics without knowing the adverse effects of improper use and how it can contribute to high ABR. So it is urgently necessary to strengthen policies on antibiotics use, including drug provision, distribution, and sales. In addition, people with low KAP should be a priority consideration in education outreach initiatives.

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Factors influencing depression in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury and caregivers’ perceived burden in a low-income country: a cross-sectional study

Spinal Cord ◽

10.1038/s41393-020-0451-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1112-1118

Author(s):

Shambhu P. Adhikari ◽

Geetu Gurung ◽

Barsha Khadka ◽

Chanda Rana

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Income Country ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Perceived Burden ◽

Cord Injury

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Diabetes-Related Emotional Distress among Children/Adolescents and Their Parents: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773819867252 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 105477381986725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi Qi Toh ◽

Serena Siew Lin Koh ◽

Pei Kwee Lim ◽

Joyce Soo Ting Lim ◽

Wilson Tam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotional Distress ◽

Low Income ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childhood Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Low Income Households

Childhood diabetes is a rising concern as the overall annual increase in diabetes among children/adolescents is estimated to be around 3% over the past decade. Diabetes management places children/adolescents and their parents at greater risks of psychological distress. This study aims to measure the levels of diabetes-related emotional distress in children/adolescents with diabetes and their caregiving parents and to identify associations between sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables in Singapore. A cross-sectional study was conducted using validated questionnaires. Ninety-two parent–child/adolescent dyads completed self-reported questionnaires. Elevated levels of diabetes-related distress were found in both children/adolescents with diabetes and their parents. Female children/adolescents with diabetes, low-income households, and less-educated parents of children/adolescents with diabetes were more susceptible to diabetes-related distress. It is important for healthcare professionals to educate less-educated parents in the management of their children’s/adolescents’ diabetes. Greater financial assistance should be provided to low-income households that may not have access to advanced diabetes treatments.

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