Suicidal ideation and attempt among school going adolescents in Bhutan – a secondary analysis of a global school-based student health survey in Bhutan 2016

Abstract Background Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) worldwide. The economic, emotional and human cost of suicidal behaviour to individuals, families, communities and society makes it a serious public health issue. We aim to determine the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation and attempt) among school going adolescents (13–17 years). Methods This is a secondary analysis of a nationally representative data for Bhutan namely Global School Based Student Health Survey in 2016 which reports on various dimensions of adolescent health including suicidal behaviour. The survey employed a multistage sampling method to recruit participants aged 13–17 years (n = 5809) from 50 schools (25 each in rural and urban area). The survey used an anonymous self-administered pre-tested 84-item questionnaire. Weighted analysis was done. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) have been presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A total of 667 (11.6%) adolescents reported considering a suicide attempt whereas 656 (11.3%) reported attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Among those reporting suicidal ideation, 388 (58.6%) reported attempting a suicide and 274 (41.4%) had ideation alone, whereas, 247 (38.9%) reported attempting a suicide without previous ideation. Female sex, food insecurity, physical attack, sexual violence, bullying, feeling of loneliness, low parental engagement, reported worry about lack of sleep, urge to use drugs/alcohol, smokeless tobacco use, drug abuse and parental smoking were the factors associated with suicidal attempt. All these factors except smokeless tobacco use and parental smoking were associated with suicidal ideation. Having helpful/close friends was found to be protective against suicide ideation. Conclusion Suicidal behaviour among school going adolescents in Bhutan is high and alarming, especially among girls. Bullying, sexual violence, feeling of loneliness and drug abuse were some of the key risk factors identified. It is important to identify these risk factors early and effectively tackle them in order to prevent suicides. It requires a multi-faceted intervention with the support of the children, community, teachers and parents.

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Marijuana use and suicidal behaviours among school-going adolescents in Africa: assessments of prevalence and risk factors from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey

General Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/gpsych-2021-100558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. e100558

Author(s):

John Tetteh ◽

George Ekem-Ferguson ◽

Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie ◽

Swithin Mustapha Swaray ◽

Martin Amogre Ayanore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High School Students ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Student Health ◽

School Students ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Based ◽

Suicide Planning

BackgroundMarijuana use among adolescents, including high school students, has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours. Little empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in Africa.AimsTo assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours, including repeated attempted suicide, suicidal ideation and suicide planning, among high school students in Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa, North Africa, South-East Africa, South Africa and East Africa subregions. Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome variables. We employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk factors. Inverse probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess impact.ResultsThe prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1 to 4.3) and 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9 to 7.4), respectively. The most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption, which constituted approximately 40% of the impact. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation, suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12% (ATT=0.12 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.22)), 18% (ATT=0.18 (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.22)) and 31% (ATT=0.31 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.41)), respectively.ConclusionsMarijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation, planning and repeated attempted suicide) among the students. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.5 (to strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse), school-based psychosocial interventions should be streamlined to adequately assess and manage marijuana use. Targeting the most dominant risk factors in this population could translate into the reduction of suicidal behaviours in countries within Africa.

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Risk factors associated with smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking among teenagers in a sub-urban area of south west Nigeria

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s10389-012-0506-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 631-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adebola Emmanuel Orimadegun ◽

Omolayo Omolabake Ola

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Urban Area ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Factors Associated ◽

South West ◽

Smokeless Tobacco Use

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Demographic profile of patients and risk factors associated with suicidal behaviour in a South African district hospital

South African Family Practice ◽

10.4102/safp.v63i1.5330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aneeth Sadanand ◽

Selvandran Rangiah ◽

Rolan Chetty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Female Gender ◽

Female Population ◽

Demographic Profile ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

History Of

Background: Suicidal behaviour comprises self-destructive thoughts coupled with attempts at suicide, which negatively impacts the patient, family, friends, and their community. There is a paucity of data on factors influencing suicidal thoughts and behaviour in South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic profile and risk factors associated with suicidal behaviour.Methods: In this retrospective descriptive and observational study, 282 medical records of patients with suicidal behaviour were studied. The risk factors and age at occurrence were tabulated. Descriptive analyses were undertaken to understand how they were distributed across key socio-demographic groups.Results: Suicidal behaviour was particularly prominent amongst the female population. The suicidal ideation, plan and non-fatal suicide were reported by 48.6%, 29.1% and 36.5%, of patients respectively. The prevalence for suicidal ideation was significantly higher in females (54.5% vs. 31.5%; p 0.0007) but not for suicidal plan (28.7% vs. 30.1%; p 0.81) and suicidal attempt (37.3% vs. 34.2%; p = 0.63) as compared with males. Suicidal behaviour was positively associated with depression (r = 0.56, p 0.001) and negatively associated with age (r = −0.16, p = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that suicidal behaviour was influenced by female gender, poor social support, depression and a family history of non-fatal suicide.Conclusion: This research has confirmed an association between female sex and factors associated with a higher risk of suicidal behaviour.

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School-Based Physical Activity Enhancement Programmes to Reduce Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Island Settings

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3246467 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Brian P. Mangum ◽

Paul Dacanay ◽

Aleczander P. Mangum

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Based ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

Activity Enhancement

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Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 111-115

Author(s):

Daniele Di Mascio ◽

Cihat Sen ◽

Gabriele Saccone ◽

Alberto Galindo ◽

Amos Grünebaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Fetal Outcomes ◽

Factors Associated

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Carotid and femoral atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein in relation to smokeless tobacco use or smoking in 58-year-old men

Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00917.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 250 (6) ◽

pp. 492-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

K. Wallenfeldt ◽

J. Hulthe ◽

L. Bokemark ◽

J. Wikstrand ◽

B. Fagerberg

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽

Old Men

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Risk Factors Associated With Childhood Stunting in Rwanda: A Secondary Analysis of the 2014 Nutrition, Markets and Gender (NMG) Survey

Journal of Management and Strategy ◽

10.5430/jms.v10n2p34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Lauriane Nyiraneza ◽

Rex Wong ◽

Olushayo Olu ◽

Marie-Rosette Nahimana ◽

Eliud Birachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Food Groups ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Children's Nutrition ◽

And Gender ◽

Childhood Stunting

Childhood stunting can have negative health, social, and economic outcomes. In 2015, 37.9% of children under the age of five were stunted in Rwanda. This study aimed to understand the risk factors associated with stunting specific to Rwanda in order to inform effective interventions.The analysis found higher odds of stunting among the children of mothers who had no education compared to those with secondary education (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.34-3.36), who did not take sufficient quantities of food during the pregnancy (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.07-1.65) or did not consume a diverse diet during pregnancy (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.12-1.73). Children living in households with two or more children under two years of age (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.35-2.50), born with low birth weight (OR: 2.8, 95 CI: 1.67-4.27), born preterm (OR: 4.1, 95 CI: 1.96-8.70), not consuming animal proteins (OR: 1.7 CI: 1.49-2.02) and not drinking treated water (OR: 1.6, CI: 1.07-2.23) all have higher odds of developing stunting. Children living in households with low dietary diversity also had higher odds of stunting (OR: 2.2 CI: 1.23-3.88).The results of the analysis suggested that women should be educated to modify their feeding behavior. Educating women can potentially influence their decision-making related to antenatal care (ANC) service attendance and to their own as well as their children’s nutrition needs. Appropriate birth spacing should be encouraged. Providing nutritional supplements to mothers at ANC appointments, increasing access to diverse food groups, and providing nutritional care for babies with low birth weight are potential interventions to address the issue of childhood stunting in Rwanda.

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