Undiagnosed Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Adult People Living in Southern Ethiopia: Discovery From Gunchire Woreda of Gurage Zone

Background: Hypertension is defined as two or more readings of systolic blood pressure measurement of 130 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure measurement of 80 mm Hg or higher. Symptoms of hypertension (HTN) are often not detectable at early stages and because of this many people with the disease are mostly left undiagnosed. Undiagnosed HTN is the one that increases the risk of complications such as renal failure, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke and premature death. There is no report concerning undiagnosed hypertension in the area. This study is aimed to assess prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among adult peoples.Method: Community based Cross-sectional study design was conducted. English version questionnaire was used to collect data from 574 households. The data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version.23. The association between dependent and independent variables was tested by using multivariate regression at P-value less than 0.05 and 95% CI.Result: Out of 590 participants, 108 (18.8%) respondents were cigarette smokers and 143 (24.9%) were khat chewers. About 106 (18.5%) of respondents have sedentary lifestyle. A total of 260 (45.3%) of respondents were identified as having undiagnosed hypertension. Respondents having sedentary life style had about 2.24 time’s higher risk of undiagnosed HTN than those who didn’t have sedentary life style. BMI, sedentary life style, cigarettes smoking, health seeking behavior, dietary habit and monthly income were significant predictors of undiagnosed HTN.Conclusion: Based on the identified high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, the finding suggests awareness creation for community members about undiagnosed hypertension, its symptoms and ways of managing it.

Exploring the Role of Awareness in the CSR-CFP Relationship

After more than seven decades and thousands of scholarly works on the topic, the question of whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) positively impacts a firm’s performance has yet to find consensus. To date, extant research has found evidence of a positive, negative, and, in some cases, no relationship between CSR and firm performance. This paper tackles one of the possible reasons why the literature has experienced incongruent results. Specifically, this paper explores the role of CSR on firm performance when the assumption of stakeholder awareness is met. The results show that firms did experience an increase in firm performance once they made their stakeholders aware of their CSR activities. The role of awareness has major implications for research as it opens a brand-new path of investigation that focuses on the signal firms use, such as CSR reports, to make stakeholders aware of their activities.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Application of Total Quality Standards on the Sustainability of the Franchise Contract

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of application of total quality standards on the sustainability of the franchise contract and to identify the difference in the conception of sample about the effectiveness of application of total quality standards. For achieving the objectives, the researcher designed a questionnaire which included the main information and upon the hypotheses, data have been collected and analyzed by using graphs, then, the study concluded the following results; the study pointed out that the application of quality standards has an effective role on the sustainability of the franchise contract, as well as, the study concluded that the application of total quality culture, if applicable, between the parties of the contract raises the percentage of sustainability of the franchise contract. Many results support that the total quality standards have a real relationship with the sustainability of the franchise contract. Many recommendations have been proposed at the end of the article.

Sources Allocation on Risk Performance of Egyptian Insurance Companies

The main objective of current paper was to investigate the relationship between sources allocations measured by (external sources to total assets- free investment and allocated investment to total assets) on risk performance measured by financial risk (standard deviation of return on equity) business risk (standard deviation of return on assets) using ARDL and GARCH model, using a sample of 19 Egyptian insurance companies over a 21 year period form 1999 – 2019, the findings indicate that There is a significant negative linear relationships between the independent variable in terms of capital structure and assets structure on dependent variable standard deviation of return on equity (Y1) at a Significant level less than (0.05). Also there is a significant positive linear relationship between the independent variable in terms of assets structure and dependent variable standard deviation of return on assets (Y2) at a significant level less than (0.001). with regard to ARCH and GARCH result shows the There is a significant positive effect of the ARCH term, measured as the lag of the squared residual from the mean equation, and the GARCH term, Last period’s forecast variance, at a significant level less than (0.05). It means that the high volatility in the conditional variance of standard deviation of return on assets y2. also The sum of the two parameters of: (α+β) in the GARCH model (1, 1) whether the random error are distributed according to normal distribution approaches the positive one, which indicates that the two conditions of non-negative variance, and the variance is not inflated are satisfied, and that Indication of the continuity of volatility shocks in the standard deviation of return on assets (Y2).

To Keep Close or to Let Loose: Recipe for Sustainable Quality Dyad

This study’s objective was to determine factors that that sustain a quality dyad. Leaders are known to consciously and sub consciously form two groups; in-group and outgroup members. Studies have revealed that in-group members work overtime and perform extra duties and in turn, get favours from the leaders including career mobility and access to information, among other favours. Literature is unclear on how these groups are formed and this paper embarked on finding out the recipe of the formation and sustainability of a quality dyad. It was hypothesised that being a male member, trust and competence are not recipes of a high-quality relationship. Descriptive survey was employed; a population of 19 leaders were responding to questions about their 169 employees who report to them directly. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires.122 pairs of leaders and their direct reports was the response rate (72.2%). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The hypothesis was tested using logistical regression technique. The results showed that competence and trust are the recipe for an inclusion into the in-group of a leader. Gender, on the other hand, was not a recipe for a sustainable quality dyadic relationship. It is recommended that employees should ensure high level trustworthiness and competence for them to be kept close by the leader. The paper suggests that more variables can be considered as recipes for the quality dyadic relationship. These findings add significant value on both theory, policy and practice.

Effects of Air Pollution on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior: A Review

Purpose/Significance: In recent years, consumer behavior studies have shown that weather and air quality have a significant impact on consumers' purchasing behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the different ways and causes of consumers' responses to weather conditions. However, the existing relevant research results are scattered in different disciplines and lack of summary and sorting of the research topic. By systematically reviewing the impact of air pollution on consumer decision-making, we can fully understand the change of consumer behavior caused by air pollution factors at the macro level and help enterprise managers to develop targeted marketing management strategies to avoid or reduce the impact of air quality on consumer decision-making behavior. Design/Method: This paper systematically reviews the impact of air pollution on consumers' decision-making behavior based on key keywords retrieved from major academic literature databases and search engine websites. In detail, with the framework of the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model in the field of environmental psychology and based on the process perspective, the paper divides the impacts of air pollution on consumer's decision-making behavior into the change of body and mind before consumer decision-making process, change of the decision behavior in the process of consumption decision-making and consumption experience and evaluation behavior after the process of consumption decision making. Conclusion/Findings: By establishing and analyzing the thematic structure of studies on the impact of air pollution, the results show that air pollution has a wide range of impacts on consumers, ranging from health risks to mood changes and from changes in daily habits to changes in consumption behaviors of individuals and groups.

Gross Margin, Gross Profit and the Price Elasticity of Demand

Low gross margin can predict failure. High gross margin increases the odds of superior profits. A company’s gross margin is the weighted average gross margin of its products. The easiest way to change a company’s gross margin is to focus on products with a low, zero or negative gross margin. The temptation might be to simply discontinue these products. A better alternative is to consider whether a product can be repriced to improve gross margin and gross profit.Raising price reduces demand based on a product’s price elasticity. Academic articles on price elasticity tend to employ calculus and statistics that are beyond the skill of the individuals who actually make pricing decisions. The contribution of this article it is to provide a clear, simple means of identifying a price point that maximizes product gross profit considering unit cost and the price elasticity of demand.

Research on the Influence of Superior Satisfaction on Subordinate Tacit Understanding

In today's increasingly competitive society, organizational members need to find some innovative ways to promote cooperation and increase organizational competitiveness. Subordinate tacit understanding occupies an important position in eastern culture and also plays an important role in the cooperation between superiors and subordinates in enterprises. However, there is a lack of research on the antecedent variables of subordinates' tacit understanding. From the perspective of employees, this paper investigates the positive impact of superior satisfaction on subordinates' tacit understanding, and further explores the influencing mechanism -- the mediating role of leader-member exchange and the moderating role of face consciousness.

Modeling Business Process Knowledge Using a Combined DEMATEL Approach and Fuzzy Network Analysis Process

One of the most valuable assets of an organization in today's competitive world is knowledge resources because they can create value. Knowledge management aims to identify and manage the organization; part of the valuable organizational knowledge is related to business processes. In this study, a framework for identifying and modeling processes is presented. Different dimensions of knowledge affect business processes and ultimately affect the value of the organization. To investigate and confirm the dimensions of knowledge, a process of fuzzy network analysis and integration of Demeter multi-criteria decision-making methods has been used to find cause-and-effect relationships and prioritize the dimensions and examples of knowledge. First, the key and valuable processes of the organization is identified during the map and then a model including the dimensions of knowledge such as knowledge input to the process, knowledge of the environment outside the process, knowledge during the process, Knowledge of the process output and Knowledge about the process has been developed. Next, dimensions, knowledge related to each dimension were presented. After analyzing the matrix, it was observed that Knowledge from the outside environment, knowledge about the process, and Knowledge during the process have the most significant impact on the organization's value, respectively.

Construction and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for Long-Term Cooperation Between Enterprises, Universities and Research Institutes

In the process of industry-university-research institute cooperation, it is of vital significance to construct a set of comprehensive evaluation index system which can objectively and effectively reflect the performance of industry-university-research institute cooperation for promoting the long-term cooperation among the three parties. This paper regards industry-university-research institute cooperation as an input-output system, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system which includes four first-level indexes of initial input, cooperative process, cooperative output and re-input. On this basis, a reasonable evaluation model is constructed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of industry-university-research cooperation from three aspects: cooperation scale, cooperation efficiency and cooperation sustainability.