scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and insomnia among visually impaired Japanese individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihisa Tamura ◽  
Taeko Sasai-Sakuma ◽  
Yuko Morita ◽  
Masako Okawa ◽  
Shigeru Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Sleep Wake Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Actual Prevalence

Abstract Background Although earlier studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD) are more prevalent in visually impaired individuals, the actual prevalence of CRSWD and insomnia among the visually impaired Japanese population remains unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional, telephone-based study was to estimate the prevalence of CRSWD and insomnia, and explore factors associated with CRSWD and insomnia among visually impaired Japanese individuals. Methods A nationwide telephone survey was conducted among visually-impaired individuals through local branches of the Japan Federation of the Blind. In total, 157 visually impaired individuals were eligible for this study. Demographic information and information about visual impairments, lifestyle, and sleep patterns were assessed using questionnaires and subsequent telephone interviews. CRSWD and insomnia were defined according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition criteria. Results The prevalence of CRSWD in visually impaired individuals was 33.1%. Among those with CRSWD, a non-24-h/irregular sleep-wake rhythm type was the most frequently observed (26.8%), followed by an advanced sleep-wake phase type and a delayed sleep-wake phase type (3.8 and 2.5%, respectively). Furthermore, 28.7% of the visually impaired individuals were found to have insomnia. In the visually impaired individuals, the absence of light perception, unemployment, living alone, and use of hypnotics were significantly associated with CRSWD, whereas only the use of hypnotics was extracted as a marginally associated factor of insomnia. Conclusions CRSWD and insomnia were highly prevalent in visually impaired Japanese individuals. The presence of CRSWD among the visually impaired individuals was associated with a lack of light perception and/or social zeitgebers.

Management of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1167-1178
Author(s):  
Simon D. Kyle ◽  
Alasdair L. Henry ◽  
Colin A. Espie
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sleep Wake Disorders ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Rhythm Disorder ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Behavioural Therapies

Insomnia disorder and circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders (CRSWDs) are prevalent and impairing sleep disorders and often co-present with psychiatric disorder. Insomnia is characterized by difficulty with initiation and/or maintenance of sleep, driven primarily by cognitive behavioural processes. CRSWDs manifest because of alterations to the endogenous circadian clock (intrinsic) or as a consequence of environmental circumstances (extrinsic). This chapter reviews evidence-based treatments for the management of insomnia and intrinsic CRSWDs (delayed sleep–wake phase disorder, advanced sleep–wake phase disorder, non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder, irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder). The chapter covers cognitive behavioural therapies, sleep-promoting hypnotics, phototherapy, and exogenous melatonin administration. The chapter also highlight gaps in the existing clinical science and reflects on emergent therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Setting Objective Clinical Assessment Tools for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders – A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 791-802
Author(s):  
Frangiskos Frangopoulos ◽  
Ivi Nicolaou ◽  
Savvas Zannetos ◽  
Nicholas-Tiberio Economou ◽  
Tonia Adamide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sleep Wake Disorders ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Contingency Contracting Untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Tertidur Di Kelas Pada Anak Sleep Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-38
Author(s):  
Nadia Felicia Mahardhika ◽  
Sri Redatin Retno Pudjiati
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Contingency Contracting ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder ◽  
Delayed Sleep

AbstractNormal sleep patterns are very important for academic achievement and life of each child. This study aims to know the effect of Contingency Contracting to reduce sleep behavior in class and improve sleep patterns in children with Circadian-Rhythm Sleep Disorder. The study subjects were A, a boy aged 11 years, with ADHD-PI diagnosed with Circadian-Rhythm Sleep Disorder Delayed Sleep Phase Type. The design of this study uses multiple-baseline-across-behaviors design. Contingency contracting interventions are carried out using prompt techniques, fading, and economic tokens. The recording instrument used is sleep diary and behavior frequency recording sheet. The results of the study show that behavioral modification intervention programs carried out with contingency contracting have been shown to effectively reduce sleep behavor in the classroom in the morning and improve the pattern of nighttime sleep in children with Circadian-Rhythm Sleep Disorder.Keywords: sleep-disorder; circadian-rhythm; behavior modification; contingency contracting; prompt  AbstrakPola tidur yang normal sangatlah penting bagi prestasi akademik dan kehidupan setiap anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh Contingency Contracting untuk menurunkan perilaku tertidur di kelas dan memperbaiki pola waktu tidur pada anak dengan Circadian-Rhythm Sleep Disorder. Subjek penelitian adalah A, anak laki-laki usia 11 tahun, dengan ADHD-PI didiagnosa mengalami Circadian-Rhythm Sleep Disorder Delayed Sleep Phase Type. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan multiple-baseline-across-behaviors design. Intervensi contingency contracting dilakukan menggunakan teknik prompt, fading, dan token ekonomi. Instrumen pencatatan yang digunakan adalah sleep diary dan lembar pencatatan frekuensi perilaku. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan program intervensi modifikasi perilaku yang dilakukan dengan contingency contracting terbukti efektif menurunkan perilaku tertidur di kelas pada pagi hari maupun memperbaiki pola waktu tidur malam hari pada anak dengan Circadian-Rhythm Sleep Disorder.Kata Kunci: sleep-disorder; circadian-rhythm; modifikasi perilaku; contingency contracting; prompt

STUDY OF HISTOPATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH HODGKIN AND NON - HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Mao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histopathological Classification ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Key Words Lymphoma ◽  
Malignant Grade

Background: Lymphoma is one of the most ten common cancers in the world as well as in Vietnam which has been ever increasing. It was divided into 2 main groups Hodgkin and non – Hodgkin lymphoma in which non-Hodgkin lymphoma appeared more frequency, worse prognosis and different therapy. Objectives: - To describe some common characteristics in patients with non – Hodgkin lymphoma; - To determine the proportion between Hodgkin and non- Hodgkin lymphoma, histopathological classification of classical Hodgkin by modified Rye 1966 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma by Working Formulation (WF) of US national oncology institute 1982. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 patients with Hodgkin and non- Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed definitely by histopathology at Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital. Results:. The ratio of male/female for the non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 1.14/1, the most frequent range of age was 51-60 accounting for 35%, not common under 40 years. Non - Hodgkin lymphoma appeared at lymph node was the most common (51.7%), at the extranodal site was rather high 48.3%. The non - Hodgkin lymphoma proportion was predominant 92.3% comparing to the Hodgkin lymphoma only 7.7%; The most WF type was WF7 (53.3%), following the WF6 18,3% and WF5 11,7%; The intermediate malignancy grade of non- Hodgkin lymphoma was the highest proportion accouting for 85%, then the low and the high one 8.3% and 6.7% respectively. Conclusion: The histopathological classification and the malignant grade of lymphoma for Hodgkin and non - Hodgkin lymphoma played a practical role for the prognosis and the treatment orientation, also a fundamental one for the modern classification of non - Hodgkin lymphoma nowadays. Key words: lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, classication, grade, histopathology, lymph node

scholarly journals Women’s perceptions of factors influencing their food shopping choices and how supermarkets can support them to make healthier choices

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Dhuria ◽  
Wendy Lawrence ◽  
Sarah Crozier ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Janis Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Food Shopping ◽  
Women’S Perceptions

Abstract Objectives To examine women’s perceptions of factors that influence their food shopping choices, particularly in relation to store layout, and their views on ways that supermarkets could support healthier choices. Design This qualitative cross-sectional study used semi-structured telephone interviews to ask participants the reasons for their choice of supermarket and factors in-store that prompted their food selections. The actions supermarkets, governments and customers could take to encourage healthier food choices were explored with women. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. Setting Six supermarkets across England. Participants Twenty women customers aged 18–45 years. Results Participants had a median age of 39.5 years (IQR: 35.1, 42.3), a median weekly grocery spend of £70 (IQR: 50, 88), and 44% had left school aged 16 years. Women reported that achieving value for money, feeling hungry, tired, or stressed, and meeting family members’ food preferences influenced their food shopping choices. The physical environment was important, including product quality and variety, plus ease of accessing the store or products in-store. Many participants described how they made unintended food selections as a result of prominent placement of unhealthy products in supermarkets, even if they adopted more conscious approaches to food shopping (i.e. written or mental lists). Participants described healthy eating as a personal responsibility, but some stated that governments and supermarkets could be more supportive. Conclusions This study highlighted that in-store environments can undermine intentions to purchase and consume healthy foods. Creating healthier supermarket environments could reduce the burden of personal responsibility for healthy eating, by making healthier choices easier. Future research could explore the interplay of personal, societal and commercial responsibility for food choices and health status.

scholarly journals The Emerging Circadian Phenotype of Borderline Personality Disorder: Mechanisms, Opportunities and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall M. McGowan ◽  
Kate E. A. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Sleep Wake Disorders ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Substantial Clinical Benefit ◽  
Biological Target

Abstract Purpose of Review We review the recent evidence suggesting that circadian rhythm disturbance is a common unaddressed feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD); amelioration of which may confer substantial clinical benefit. We assess chronobiological BPD studies from a mechanistic and translational perspective and highlight opportunities for the future development of this hypothesis. Recent Findings The emerging circadian phenotype of BPD is characterised by a preponderance of comorbid circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, phase delayed and misaligned rest-activity patterns and attenuated amplitudes of usually well-characterised circadian rhythms. Such disturbances may exacerbate symptom severity, and specific maladaptive personality dimensions may produce a liability towards extremes in chronotype. Pilot studies suggest intervention may be beneficial, but development is limited. Summary Endogenous and exogenous circadian rhythm disturbances appear to be common in BPD. The interface between psychiatry and chronobiology has led previously to novel efficacious strategies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We believe that better characterisation of the circadian phenotype in BPD will lead to a directed biological target for treatment in a condition where there is a regrettable paucity of accessible therapies.

scholarly journals Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Armm Mehrab Ali ◽  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Bhawna Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (6 months prior to the survey). Nearly half of the participants (45.6%) were current tobacco users, of whom 15.9% reported increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and all others had no change in their tobacco use patterns. Tobacco use was significantly increased among the participants from rural areas, who had reduced communications during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR = 2.76, 95%CI:1.51–5.03). Participants who were aged ≥70 years (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), widowed (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–1.00), had pre-existing, non-communicable, and/or chronic conditions (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), and felt themselves at the highest risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.62), had significantly lower odds of increased tobacco use. Policy makers and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness and raising initiatives to avoid tobacco use during such a crisis period.

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