scholarly journals The impact of health vs. non-health goals on individuals’ lifestyle program choices: a discrete choice experiment approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim M. Benning ◽  
Benedict G. C. Dellaert ◽  
Theo A. Arentze
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Health Goal ◽  
Lifestyle Program ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Goals play an important role in the choices that individuals make. Yet, there is no clear approach of how to incorporate goals in discrete choice experiments. In this paper, we present such an approach and illustrate it in the context of lifestyle programs. Furthermore, we investigate how non-health vs. health goals affect individuals’ choices via non-goal attributes. Methods We used an unlabeled discrete choice experiment about lifestyle programs based on two experimental conditions in which either a non-health goal (i.e., looking better) or a health goal (i.e., increasing life expectancy) was presented to respondents as a fixed attribute level for the goal attribute. Respondents were randomly distributed over the experimental conditions. Eventually, we used data from 407 Dutch adults who reported to be overweight (n = 212 for the non-health goal, and n = 195 for the health goal). Results Random parameter logit model estimates show that the type of goal significantly (p < 0.05) moderates the effect that the attribute diet has on lifestyle program choice, but that this is not the case for the attributes exercise per week and expected weight loss. Conclusions A flexible diet is more important for individuals with a non-health goal than for individuals with a health goal. Therefore, we advise policy makers to use information on goal interactions for developing new policies and communication strategies to target population segments that have different goals. Furthermore, we recommend researchers to consider the impact of goals when designing discrete choice experiments.

Präferenzen von Patienten, pflegenden Angehörigen, Leistungserbringern, Kostenträgern und politischen Entscheidungsträgern bei der integrierten Versorgung in Deutschland: Ein Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Struckmann ◽  
Verena Vogt ◽  
Julia Köppen ◽  
Theresa Meier ◽  
Maaike Hoedemakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Pflegende Angehörige ◽  
Triple Aim ◽  
Körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit

Zusammenfassung Ziel Ziel dieser Studie ist Präferenzen zu erheben, die multimorbide Patienten, pflegende Angehörige, Leistungserbringer, Kostenträger oder politische Entscheidungsträger verschiedenen Endpunkten von integrierten Versorgungsprogrammen (IV-Programmen) in Deutschland beimessen und diese zu vergleichen. Methodik Mit Hilfe eines Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE) wurden die Präferenzen der Befragten für die Endpunkte von zwei IV-Programmen ermittelt. Jedes IV-Programm wurde anhand von Attributen, bzw.Endpunkten präsentiert, die das „Triple Aim“ abbilden. Sie waren in die Endpunkte Wohlbefinden, Erfahrung mit Versorgung und Kosten unterteilt, mit insgesamt acht Attributen und jeweils drei Ausprägungen. Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse von 676 Fragebögen zeigen, dass die Attribute „Lebensfreude“ und „Kontinuität der Versorgung“ interessengruppenübergreifend die höchsten Bewertungen erhalten. Am geringsten blieben die relativen Bewertungen für alle Interessengruppen bei dem Attribut „Kosten“. Die Präferenzen der Leistungserbringer und pflegenden Angehörigen unterschieden sich am deutlichsten von denen der Patienten. Diese Unterschiede betrafen meist die „körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit“, die von Patienten am höchsten bewertet wurde, die „Personenzentrierung“ und „Kontinuität der Versorgung“, die die höchsten Bewertungen von den Leistungserbringern erhielten. Schlussfolgerung Die identifizierten Präferenzheterogenitäten in Bezug auf die Endpunkte von IV-Programmen zwischen den Interessengruppen verdeutlichen, wie wichtig es für eine optimale Ausgestaltung von IV-Programmen ist, Vertreter der Praxis und politische Entscheidungsträger über die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven zu informieren. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen zudem die Relevanz von gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindungs- und Abstimmungsprozessen zwischen Leistungserbringern, pflegenden Angehörigen und Patienten.

A query theory account of a discrete choice experiment under oath

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1133-1172
Author(s):  
Nathan P Kemper ◽  
Jennie S Popp ◽  
Rodolfo M Nayga
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Hypothetical Bias ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Stated Preference Methods ◽  
Ex Ante

Abstract One limitation of stated-preference methods is the formation of hypothetical bias. To address this, the honesty oath has been used as an ex ante technique to reduce hypothetical bias. Our study provides a query account of the honesty oath in a discrete-choice experiment setting by using Query Theory to examine the mechanism behind the effectiveness of the honesty oath. Our results show that the honesty oath can change the content and order of queries; potentially reducing hypothetical bias in discrete choice experiments. The study suggests the potential usefulness of Query Theory in examining thought processes of respondents in valuation studies.

scholarly journals Discrete choice experiment for eliciting preference for health services for patients with ALS and their informal caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Tobin ◽  
Sinead Maguire ◽  
Bernie Corr ◽  
Charles Normand ◽  
Orla Hardiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with a mean life expectancy of 3 years from first symptom. Understanding the factors that are important to both patients and their caregivers has the potential to enhance service delivery and engagement, and improve efficiency. The Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) is a stated preferences method which asks service users to make trade-offs for various attributes of health services. This method is used to quantify preferences and shows the relative importance of the attributes in the experiment, to the service user. Methods A DCE with nine choice sets was developed to measure the preferences for health services of ALS patients and their caregivers and the relative importance of various aspects of care, such as timing of care, availability of services, and decision making. The DCE was presented to patients with ALS, and their caregivers, recruited from a national multidisciplinary clinic. A random effects probit model was applied to estimate the impact of each attribute on a participant’s choice. Results Patients demonstrated the strongest preferences about timing of receiving information about ALS. A strong preference was also placed on seeing the hospice care team later rather than early on in the illness. Patients also indicated their willingness to consider the use of communication devices. Grouping by stage of disease, patients who were in earlier stages of disease showed a strong preference for receipt of extensive information about ALS at the time of diagnosis. Caregivers showed a strong preference for engagement with healthcare professionals, an attribute that was not prioritised by patients. Conclusions The DCE method can be useful in uncovering priorities of patients and caregivers with ALS. Patients and caregivers have different priorities relating to health services and the provision of care in ALS, and patient preferences differ based on the stage and duration of their illness. Multidisciplinary teams must calibrate the delivery of care in the context of the differing expectations, needs and priorities of the patient/caregiver dyad.

scholarly journals Patient preferences for use of virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting: Results from a discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 135581962110354
Author(s):  
Anthony W Gilbert ◽  
Emmanouil Mentzakis ◽  
Carl R May ◽  
Maria Stokes ◽  
Jeremy Jones
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
The Impact

Objective Virtual Consultations may reduce the need for face-to-face outpatient appointments, thereby potentially reducing the cost and time involved in delivering health care. This study reports a discrete choice experiment (DCE) that identifies factors that influence patient preferences for virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting. Methods Previous research from the CONNECT (Care in Orthopaedics, burdeN of treatmeNt and the Effect of Communication Technology) Project and best practice guidance informed the development of our DCE. An efficient fractional factorial design with 16 choice scenarios was created that identified all main effects and partial two-way interactions. The design was divided into two blocks of eight scenarios each, to reduce the impact of cognitive fatigue. Data analysis were conducted using binary logit regression models. Results Sixty-one paired response sets (122 subjects) were available for analysis. DCE factors (whether the therapist is known to the patient, duration of appointment, time of day) and demographic factors (patient qualifications, access to equipment, difficulty with activities, multiple health issues, travel costs) were significant predictors of preference. We estimate that a patient is less than 1% likely to prefer a virtual consultation if the patient has a degree, is without access to the equipment and software to undertake a virtual consultation, does not have difficulties with day-to-day activities, is undergoing rehabilitation for one problem area, has to pay less than £5 to travel, is having a consultation with a therapist not known to them, in 1 weeks’ time, lasting 60 minutes, at 2 pm. We have developed a simple conceptual model to explain how these factors interact to inform preference, including patients’ access to resources, context for the consultation and the requirements of the consultation. Conclusions This conceptual model provides the framework to focus attention towards factors that might influence patient preference for virtual consultations. Our model can inform the development of future technologies, trials, and qualitative work to further explore the mechanisms that influence preference.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Sustainability Labels on Willingness-to-Pay for Foods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Discrete Choice Experiments

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2677
Author(s):  
Anastasios Bastounis ◽  
John Buckell ◽  
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ◽  
Brian Cook ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Impact

Food production is a major contributor to environmental damage. More environmentally sustainable foods could incur higher costs for consumers. In this review, we explore whether consumers are willing to pay (WTP) more for foods with environmental sustainability labels (‘ecolabels’). Six electronic databases were searched for experiments on consumers’ willingness to pay for ecolabelled food. Monetary values were converted to Purchasing Power Parity dollars and adjusted for country-specific inflation. Studies were meta-analysed and effect sizes with confidence intervals were calculated for the whole sample and for pre-specified subgroups defined as meat-dairy, seafood, and fruits-vegetables-nuts. Meta-regressions tested the role of label attributes and demographic characteristics on participants’ WTP. Forty-three discrete choice experiments (DCEs) with 41,777 participants were eligible for inclusion. Thirty-five DCEs (n = 35,725) had usable data for the meta-analysis. Participants were willing to pay a premium of 3.79 PPP$/kg (95%CI 2.7, 4.89, p ≤ 0.001) for ecolabelled foods. WTP was higher for organic labels compared to other labels. Women and people with lower levels of education expressed higher WTP. Ecolabels may increase consumers’ willingness to pay more for environmentally sustainable products and could be part of a strategy to encourage a transition to more sustainable diets.

scholarly journals Assessing cigarette packaging and labelling policy effects on early adolescents: results from a discrete choice experiment

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055463
Author(s):  
Inti Barrientos-Gutierrez ◽  
Farahnaz Islam ◽  
Yoo Jin Cho ◽  
Ramzi George Salloum ◽  
Jordan Louviere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Tobacco Marketing ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionCigarette packaging is a primary channel for tobacco advertising, particularly in countries where traditional channels are restricted. The current study evaluated the independent and interactive effects of cigarette packaging and health warning label (HWL) characteristics on perceived appeal of cigarette brands for early adolescents in Mexico.MethodsA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with early adolescents, aged 12–14 years (n=4251). The DCE involved a 3×25 design with six attributes: brand (Marlboro, Pall Mall, Camel), tobacco flavour (regular, menthol), flavour capsule (none, 1 or 2 capsules), presence of descriptive terms, branding (vs plain packaging), HWL size (30%, 75%) and HWL content (emphysema vs mouth cancer). Participants viewed eight sets of three cigarette packs and selected a pack in each set that: (1) is most/least attractive, (2) they are most/least interested in trying or (3) is most/least harmful, with a no difference option.ResultsParticipants perceived packs as less attractive, less interesting to try and more harmful if they had plain packaging or had larger HWLs, with the effect being most pronounced when plain packaging is combined with larger HWLs. For attractiveness, plain packaging had the biggest influence on choice (43%), followed by HWL size (19%). Interest in trying was most influenced by brand name (34%), followed by plain packaging (29%). Perceived harm was most influenced by brand name (30%), followed by HWL size (29%).ConclusionIncreasing the size of HWLs and implementing plain packaging appear to reduce the appeal of cigarettes to early adolescents. Countries should adopt these policies to minimise the impact of tobacco marketing.

scholarly journals Improving the demand for birth registration: a discrete choice experiment in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e002209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahari Yihdego ◽  
Ayanaw Amogne ◽  
Selamawit Desta ◽  
Yoonjoung Choi ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Birth Registration

IntroductionBirth registration remains limited in most low and middle-income countries. We investigated which characteristics of birth registration facilities might determine caregivers’ decisions to register children in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment in randomly selected households in Addis Ababa and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region. We interviewed caregivers of children 0–5 years old. We asked participants to make eight choices between pairs of hypothetical registration facilities. These facilities were characterised by six attributes selected through a literature review and consultations with local stakeholders. Levels of these attributes were assigned at random using a fractional design. We analysed the choice data using mixed logit models that account for heterogeneity in preferences across respondents. We calculated respondents’ willingness to pay to access registration facilities with specific attributes. We analysed all data separately by place of residence (urban vs rural).ResultsSeven hundred and five respondents made 5614 choices. They exhibited preferences for registration facilities that charged lower fees for birth certificates, that required shorter waiting time to complete procedures and that were located closer to their residence. Respondents preferred registration facilities that were open on weekends, and where they could complete procedures in a single visit. In urban areas, respondents also favoured registration facilities that remained open for extended hours on weekdays, and where the presence of only one of the parents was required for registration. There was significant heterogeneity between respondents in the utility derived from several attributes of registration facilities. Willingness to pay for access to registration facilities with particular attributes was larger in urban than rural areas.ConclusionIn these regions of Ethiopia, changes to the operating schedule of registration facilities and to application procedures might help improve registration rates. Discrete choice experiments can help orient initiatives aimed at improving birth registration.

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