scholarly journals The knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of midwives on the vaccination coverage rates in Perth’s Aboriginal children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Carman ◽  
Lesley Andrew ◽  
Amanda Devine
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Aboriginal Children

Abstract Background Midwives are well placed to promote vaccination awareness throughout a women’s pregnancy and strengthen childhood vaccination demand following hospital discharge. In Perth, Western Australia, Aboriginal children experience some of the lowest vaccination coverage rates across the nation. To identify factors preventing greater vaccination uptake amongst the target population, a theory-based study was conducted with midwives across two Perth maternity hospitals to explore behavioural attributes, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs surrounding vaccination provision and the vaccines administered to Aboriginal children. Methods A purpose-designed questionnaire was distributed to midwives working in two Perth public maternity hospitals. The proximal constructs of The Theory of Planned Behavior were used to frame the questionnaire to enable the barriers to greater vaccination coverage to be identified and behaviourally situated. Descriptive statistics described the demographics of the study sample. Chi-square and the Fisher’s exact test were used to identify associations between midwife characteristics and awareness of the coverage rates. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Results Of the 58 midwives who completed the study questionnaire, 77.2% were unaware of the sub-optimal vaccination coverage in Perth’s Aboriginal children. Level of education (p = 0.53) and years worked as a practising midwife (p = 0.47) were not found to be associated with an awareness of the coverage rates. Approximately, 50% of midwives reported some concern over the efficacy of childhood vaccines, 44.4% did not feel confident with their knowledge of vaccines, while 33.3% do not routinely discuss childhood vaccinations with parents prior to hospital discharge. Conclusions Key findings in the study identified that a range of educational, leadership and system-based issues are affecting midwives’ capacity to play a more substantial role in influencing vaccination coverage in Perth’s Aboriginal children.

scholarly journals Childhood vaccination coverage in Australia: an equity perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Arat ◽  
Hannah C. Moore ◽  
Sharon Goldfeld ◽  
Viveca Östberg ◽  
Vicky Sheppeard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Aboriginal Children

Abstract Background This study describes trends in social inequities in first dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR1) vaccination coverage in Western Australia (WA) and New South Wales (NSW). Using probabilistically-linked administrative data for 1.2 million children born between 2002 and 2011, we compared levels and trends in MMR1 vaccination coverage measured at age 24 months by maternal country of birth, Aboriginal status, maternal age at delivery, socio-economic status, and remoteness in two states. Results Vaccination coverage was 3–4% points lower among children of mothers who gave birth before the age of 20 years, mothers born overseas, mothers with an Aboriginal background, and parents with a low socio-economic status compared to children that did not belong to these social groups. In both states, between 2007 and 2011 there was a decline of 2.1% points in MMR1 vaccination coverage for children whose mothers were born overseas. In 2011, WA had lower coverage among the Aboriginal population (89.5%) and children of young mothers (89.3%) compared to NSW (92.2 and 92.1% respectively). Conclusion Despite overall high coverage of MMR1 vaccination, coverage inequalities increased especially for children of mothers born overseas. Strategic immunisation plans and policy interventions are important for equitable vaccination levels. Future policy should target children of mothers born overseas and Aboriginal children.

scholarly journals 87. Impact of State of Residence on Adult Vaccination Uptake: A Multilevel Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S175-S175
Author(s):  
Shannon Hunter ◽  
Diana Garbinsky ◽  
Elizabeth M La ◽  
Sara Poston ◽  
Cosmina Hogea
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
Direct Compensation ◽  
Cluster Variation ◽  
Coverage Rates

Abstract Background Previous studies on adult vaccination coverage found inter-state variability that persists after adjusting for individual demographic factors. Assessing the impact of state-level factors may help improve uptake strategies. This study aimed to: • Update previous estimates of state-level, model-adjusted coverage rates for influenza; pneumococcal; tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); and herpes zoster (HZ) vaccines (individually and in compliance with all age-appropriate recommended vaccinations) • Evaluate effects of individual and state-level factors on adult vaccination coverage using a multilevel modeling framework. Methods Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data (2015–2017) were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated state vaccination coverage and compliance using predicted marginal proportions. BRFSS data were then combined with external state-level data to estimate multilevel models evaluating effects of state-level factors on coverage. Weighted odds ratios and measures of cluster variation were estimated. Results Adult vaccination coverage and compliance varied by state, even after adjusting for individual characteristics, with coverage ranging as follows: • Influenza (2017): 35.1–48.1% • Pneumococcal (2017): 68.2–80.8% • Tdap (2016): 21.9–46.5% • HZ (2017): 30.5–50.9% Few state-level variables were retained in final multilevel models, and measures of cluster variation suggested substantial residual variation unexplained by individual and state-level variables. Key state-level variables positively associated with vaccination included health insurance coverage rates (influenza/HZ), pharmacists’ vaccination authority (HZ), presence of childhood vaccination exemptions (pneumococcal/Tdap), and adult immunization information system participation (Tdap/HZ). Conclusion Adult vaccination coverage and compliance continue to show substantial variation by state even after adjusting for individual and state-level characteristics associated with vaccination. Further research is needed to assess additional state or local factors impacting vaccination disparities. Funding GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (study identifier: HO-18-19794) Disclosures Shannon Hunter, MS, GSK (Other Financial or Material Support, Ms. Hunter is an employee of RTI Health Solutions, who received consultancy fees from GSK for conduct of the study. Ms. Hunter received no direct compensation from the Sponsor.) Diana Garbinsky, MS, GSK (Other Financial or Material Support, The study was conducted by RTI Health Solutions, which received consultancy fees from GSK. I am a salaried employee at RTI Health Solutions and received no direct compensation from GSK for the conduct of this study..) Elizabeth M. La, PhD, RTI Health Solutions (Employee) Sara Poston, PharmD, The GlaxoSmithKline group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Cosmina Hogea, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals Bordetella pertussis: Vaccine Coverage and Immune Status among Children Under Five Years Old in Sana’a City, Yemen

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Hana Hassan Mahuob Al-Wafi
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
Coverage Rates

Aims: This study was made to evaluate the immune response to pertussis among children under five years old by measuring the level of circulating Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (IgG-PT) after immunization with the primary series of DPT (DPT1-3) and then determining the coverage rates of universal childhood vaccines. Study Design: Cross-sectional laboratory study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, between June and October 2010. Methodology: A total of 345 children were randomly selected and investigated for universal childhood vaccination coverage rates; of these, 273 children who had received 3 full doses of DPT were studied for their pertussis immunological status. Blood samples were collected from the latter group and then tested for levels of IgG-PT by ELISA method. For assessment IgG-PT levels more than 24 units/ml were considered protected against pertussis. Data were analyzed according to gender and age groups. Results: The coverage rate of pertussis vaccine was 79.1%; only 71.4% of vaccinated children responded to the vaccine with mean level of 33 U/ml. A statistically significant difference was observed with respect to sero-protective IgG-PT between males and females (63.8% and 84.8% respectively, with χ2 =15, p=0.0001). Also, a statistically significant difference was observed with respect to sero-protective IgG-PT in different age groups,  with older children (>48 months) having a higher rate of antibodies than younger (13-24 months) (90% and 59.1% respectively, with χ2 =3.87, p=.04). Conclusion: We conclude that a considerable proportion of vaccinated children with a normal immune status were not serologically immune to pertussis. They remain to be reconsidered for either revaccination or booster doses due to lack of or inadequate response. Also, the rates of vaccine coverage for the main universal childhood vaccines are low.

scholarly journals Inequities in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Zhejiang, Province: Evidence from a Decomposition Analysis on Two-Round Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hu ◽  
Hui Liang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yaping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Coverage Rates

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the degree and risk factors of the inequity in the childhood coverage of full primary immunization (FPI) in Zhejiang province. Method: We used data from two rounds of vaccination coverage surveys among children aged 24–35 months conducted in 2014 and 2017, respectively. The household income per month was used as an index of socioeconomic status for the inequality analysis. The concentration index (CI) was used to quantify the degree of inequality, and the decomposition approach was applied to quantify the contributions from demographic factors to inequality in the coverage of FPI. Results: The coverage rates of FPI were 80.6%, with a CI value of 0.12028 for the 2014 survey, while the coverage rates of FPI were 85.2%, with a CI value of 0.10129 for the 2017 survey. The results of decomposition analysis suggested that 68.2% and 67.1% of the socioeconomic inequality in the coverage of FPI could be explained by the mother’s education level for the 2014 and 2017 survey, respectively. Other risk factors including birth order, ethnic group, mother’s age, maternal employment status, residence, immigration status, GDP per-capita, and the percentage of the total health spending allocated to public health could also explain this inequality. Conclusion: The socioeconomic inequity in the coverage of FPI still remained, although this gap was reduced between 2014 and 2017. Policy recommendations for health interventions on reducing the inequality in the coverage of FPI should be focused on eliminating poverty and women’s illiteracy.

Childhood Vaccination Coverage Rates Among Military Dependents in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. e1148-e1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dunn ◽  
C. L. Black ◽  
J. Arnold ◽  
S. Brodine ◽  
J. Waalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Military Dependents ◽  
Coverage Rates

scholarly journals Pneumococcal conjugate, meningococcal C and varicella vaccination in Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
F D'Ancona ◽  
V Alfonsi ◽  
M R Caporali ◽  
A Ranghiasci ◽  
M L Ciofi Degli Atti
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
National Level ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Regional Health Authorities ◽  
Coverage Rates

The 7-valent anti-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), anti-meningococcal C-conjugate vaccine (MenC) and varicella vaccine have been recently introduced in EU. In Italy, these vaccines have so far been recommended for use in specific groups. Since the health system is decentralised, the Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) can decide to recommend vaccination for other target populations. We conducted a survey to describe the recommendations on these vaccines currently in place in the 21 Italian regions. In November 2005, a standardised questionnaire was sent to RHAs, including information on the existence of regional recommendations, vaccination target population, and whether vaccines were provided free of charge, or at a reduced cost compared to pharmacies. Information reported in the questionnaires were followed up in May 2006. All 21 regions completed and returned the questionnaire and were contacted for follow-up. Recommendations about at least one of the three vaccines were present in 20 out of 21 regions. All included free of charge PCV offering to specific groups, while MenC and varicella immunisations were recommended in 17 and 19 regions, respectively. Recommendations for other individuals varied greatly by area: free of charge PCV and MenC vaccinations targeting all infants have been recommended in nine regions, and varicella vaccination targeting children in the second year of life in three regions. These different recommendations can lead to marked variation in vaccination coverage rates observed through the country, with a consequent different level of disease control. It is thus crucial to properly monitor vaccination coverage rates for PCV, MenC and varicella, as these are not routinely collected at the national level.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about vaccination in primary healthcare workers involved in the administration of systematic childhood vaccines, Barcelona, 2016/17

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Andrea Picchio ◽  
Mireia Garcia Carrasco ◽  
Maria Sagué-Vilavella ◽  
Cristina Rius
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
Primary Care Professionals

Background Healthcare professionals are a reliable and impactful source of information on vaccination for parents and children. Objectives We aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs primary care professionals involved in administration of childhood vaccines in Barcelona have about vaccines and vaccination. Methods In 2016/17, surveys were administered in person to every public primary care centre (PCC) with a paediatrics department (n = 41). Paediatricians and paediatric nurses responded to questions about disease susceptibility, severity, vaccine effectiveness, vaccine safety, confidence in organisations, key immunisation beliefs, and how they vaccinate or would vaccinate their own children. We used standard descriptive analysis to examine the distribution of key outcome and predictor variables and performed bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Completed surveys were returned by 277 (81%) of 342 eligible participants. A quarter of the respondents reported doubts about at least one vaccine in the recommended childhood vaccination calendar. Those with vaccine doubts chose the response option ‘vaccine-hesitant’ for every single key vaccine belief, knowledge and social norm. Specific vaccine knowledge was lacking in up to 40% of respondents and responses regarding the human papilloma virus vaccine were associated with the highest degree of doubt. Being a nurse a risk factor for having vaccine doubts (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1–3.7) and having children was a predictor of lower risk (ORa = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9). Conclusions Despite high reported childhood immunisation rates in Barcelona, paediatricians and paediatric nurses in PCC had vaccine doubts, especially regarding the HPV vaccine.

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