scholarly journals Predictors of spousal coercive control and its association with intimate partner violence evidence from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016) India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kanougiya ◽  
Muthusamy Sivakami ◽  
Saurabh Rai
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Family ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Background The feminist theory posits that spousal coercive control is not random but a purposeful and systematic men’s strategy to control and dominate their female partners. The frequency of coercive control is more than emotional, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV). Coercive control is usually mistaken with psychological abuse when it is not and has recently gained independent attention within the spectrum of IPV. The role of socioeconomic factors in determining coercive control and associations between coercive control and form of IPV is less researched. Objective We aimed to examine sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of spousal coercive control and its association with IPV (past 12-months). Methods We analysed data of 66,013 ever-married women aged 15-49 from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 (2015-2016). Estimates involved bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models, and marginal effects prediction. Results The prevalence of spousal coercive control is more commonly reported by 48% of women than the prevalence of IPV 25% (emotional 11%, physical 22%, and sexual 5%) in the past 12 months. Adjusted odds ratio indicate that women having three and more children (aOR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.2), women work status (1.1; 1.1-1.2), husband’s secondary (1.1; 1.1-1.2) or higher education (1.1; 1.1-1.2), and husband alcohol consumption (1.7; 1.6-1.7) increase the odds of coercive control. In the fully adjusted model coercive control independently increased the likelihood of experiencing emotional (aOR 2.8.; 95% CI: 2.6, 3.1), physical (2.2; 2.1, 2.3), and sexual (2.5; 2.3, 2.8) IPV in the past 12 months; and with an increase in each additional indicator of coercive control acts, the likelihood of physical, sexual, and emotional IPV further increases. When women reported six indicators of coercive control, the predicted proportion of women experiencing emotional 53%, physical 45%, and sexual IPV was 25% in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion Coercive control limits women’s social support and contacts contributing to low self-esteem, self-efficacy, and poor mental health. The purpose of this study is to highlight that understudied coercive control is more common than other forms of IPV and is a potential risk factor for physical, sexual, and emotional IPV independently. The inclusion of coercive control in interventions is crucial to prevent form of IPV. Survivals long-term safety and independence can be secured if the current protection law against domestic violence is extended to encompass coercive control.

scholarly journals Prevalence and regional disparity of women's autonomy and intimate partner violence in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey-IV 2015-2016, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4063
Author(s):  
Koustav Ghosh ◽  
Mithun Mog
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
National Family

Background: The study was done with the aim to assess the prevalence and regional differences of women autonomy (WA) and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in India.Methods: The study utilizes data from the fourth round of National Family and Health Survey, 2015-16, encompassing a sample of 62,716 currently married in the age group of 15-49 years. Bivariate analysis has been performed to draw inferences from the data.Results: Study portrays that 69% of the currently married women live with any autonomy, whereas, 27%, 12% and 7% of them suffer from physical, emotional and sexual violence respectively. The higher level of autonomy has found in North-eastern and Western, whereas, the IPV was found in Eastern and Central parts of India. The major finding from the study was that women from northeast region have better women empowerment and less violence except Manipur against rest region.Conclusion: Women of rural area is still more sufferer of any form of violence and less empowerment existing many major states of India. For better improvement of women empowerment and minimize IPV against women, government need to give more attention to gain progress in every development fields and enhance rural education for rural women particularly.

Is consanguineous marriage related to spousal violence in India? Evidence from the National Family Health Survey, 2015–16

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Margubur Rahaman ◽  
Shalini Sen ◽  
Md Juel Rana ◽  
Saswata Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
National Family

Abstract Violence against women is a global phenomenon, and intimate partner violence is the most common form of violence faced by women in the world. Around 30% of women in the world, on average, and 33% in India experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether consanguinity protects women from spousal violence. National Family Health Survey 2015–16 (NFHS-4) data were used. The study sample comprised 60,824 currently married women aged 15–49 years. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the likelihood of all types of spousal violence against women was higher among consanguineous unions compared with non-consanguineous unions in India. The association between consanguineous marriage and spousal violence was found to be positive and significant in the southern and eastern regions of India and among Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The association was not significant among Muslims. Differences in socio-cultural norms and practices across the regions of India, and among different socio-cultural groups, can perhaps explain these variations. Women belonging in higher age groups, from Other Backward Castes, those who were working and those with a low level of educational attainment and socioeconomic standing had a higher risk of experiencing intimate partner violence. Couples in a consanguineous marriage should be given adequate counselling to reduce intimate partner violence in India, and similarly culturally diverse countries. This would also help reach Target 5.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

Dietary Adequacy Among Young Children in India: Improvement or Stagnation? An Investigation From the National Family Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-487
Author(s):  
Nizamuddin Khan ◽  
Arupendra Mozumdar ◽  
Supreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Family

Background: This study assessed the trend of minimum acceptable dietary practices among children aged 6 to 23 months in India in the past decade. Methods: Data collected in the National Family Health Survey during 2005 to 2006 (NFHS-3) and 2015 to 2016 (NFHS-4) were used. The sample size for this study was 11 727 children for NFHS-3 and 61 158 children for NFHS-4. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify the predictors of feeding practices. We analyzed data of last-born singleton children aged 6 to 23 months who were living with their mother (ever-married women aged 15-49 years). Results: In India, a low proportion (10%) of children aged 6 to 23 months received a minimum acceptable diet, and its estimate remained the same in the past 10 years. Older mothers, educated mothers, antenatal care, high economic status, and place of residence were the most consistent predictors of minimum acceptable dietary intake. Over the past decade, however, the minimum acceptable dietary intake has declined among older children (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.70; P < .001), children with overweight mothers (OR = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.31-0·50; P <.001), and children of well-off families (OR = 0.29, 95% CI, 0.23-0.37; P < .001). The odds for minimum acceptable dietary intake were significantly higher among children of high (4+) birth order (OR = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.41-2.15; P < .001), rural areas, and children living in the central, eastern, and north-eastern region. Conclusion: Results indicate the need for further investigations of poor dietary intake among children living in well-off families and in the northern region. This study suggests policymakers and program managers to address contextual barriers against minimum acceptable dietary intake among children and to reconsider existing strategies in India.

Intimate Partner Violence in India: Abuse in India’s Empowered Action Group States

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-986
Author(s):  
Kathryn Showalter ◽  
Cecilia Mengo ◽  
Mi Sun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Action Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eag States ◽  
Women In India

Married women in India experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at alarming rates. This study explores regional differences in Indian women’s physical IPV experiences by looking at the effect of living in eight Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. It is hypothesized that women in EAG states will be more likely to have experienced physical IPV than women living outside EAG states. A sample of 65,587 women was selected from the 2005-2006 India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3). Counter to our hypothesis, logistic regression results show that living in an EAG state decreases likelihood of physical IPV in the past 12 months.

The NFHS-5 Sanitation Story: Case for Moving from Access to Adoption

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110153
Author(s):  
Payal Seth
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Family ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Official Data

This commentary analyses the recently launched National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) (2019–2020) factsheet to investigate the claim of an open defecation free (ODF) India. The official data from Swachh Bharath Mission (SBM) was used to declare India ODF on 2 October 2019. The SBM statistics reported that India has achieved 100% sanitation coverage, that is, the fraction of households with access to individual household latrines (IHHLs). However, the NFHS-5 data shows that even though India witnessed an improvement in sanitation in the past four to five years, we are far from achieving universal elimination of open defecation. In an attempt to evaluate the differing claims made regarding India’s ODF status by two Government of India’s data sources, I explain the distinction in their objectives. While the SBM captures access to IHHLs, NFHS-5 records the place which the members of the household usually use for defecation. The two datasets jointly suggest that access to toilets does not concurrently translate to its usage. Hence, determining the ODF status of Indian communities on mere access to toilets is an inadequate representation of the sanitation environment. There is substantial merit in moving the sanitation outcomes from access to the adoption of toilets.

scholarly journals Trends and correlates of intimate partner violence experienced by ever-married women of India: results from National Family Health Survey round III and IV

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Garg ◽  
Milan Das ◽  
Lajya Devi Goyal ◽  
Madhur Verma
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
National Family ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background The study aims to estimate the prevalence of Intimate partner violence (IPV) in India, and changes observed over a decade as per the nationally representative datasets from National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) Round 3 and 4. We also highlight various socio-demographic characteristics associated with different types of IPV in India. The NFHS round 3 and 4 interviewed 124,385, and 699,686 women respondents aged 15–49 years using a multi-stage sampling method across 29 states and 2 union territories in India. For IPV, we only included ever-married women (64,607, and 62,716) from the two rounds. Primary outcomes of the study was prevalence of the  ever-experience of different types of IPV: physical, emotional, and sexual violence by ever-married women aged 15 to 49 years. The secondary outcome included predictors of different forms of IPV, and changes in the prevalence of different types of IPV compared to the previous round of the NFHS survey. Results As per NFHS-4, weighted prevalence of physical, sexual, emotional, or any kind of IPV ever-experienced by women were 29.2%, 6.7%, 13.2%, and 32.8%. These subtypes of IPV depicted a relative change of − 14.9%, − 30.2%, − 11.0%, − 15.7% compared to round 3. Significant state-wise variations were observed in the prevalence. Multivariate  binary logistic regression analysis highlighted women's and partner’s education, socio-economic status, women empowerment, urban-rural residence, partner’s controlling behaviours as major significant predictors of IPV. Conclusions Our study findings suggest high prevalence of IPV with state-wise variations in the prevalence. Similar factors were responsible for different forms of IPV. Therefore, based on existing evidences, it is recommended to offer adequate screening and counselling services for the couples, especially in health-care settings so that they speak up against IPV, and are offered timely help to prevent long-term physical and mental health consequences.

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