The effects of occupational pollutants on the reproductive health of female informal street traders in Warwick junction, Durban, South Africa – a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Informal street traders are exposed on a daily basis to traffic emissions and biomass fuel smoke containing a variety of pollutants. These exposures are likely to place the female traders at increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive outcomes among street traders exposed to pollutants from their work-related activities and traders without such exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 female traders selected from exposed and non-exposed areas within the Warwick Junction trading hub, located in Durban, South Africa. Validated reproductive questionnaires and clinical assessments were conducted on all participants. Adverse reproductive outcomes such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortions and infertility were assessed Results: The mean age of the traders was 43.6 years (SD:12.1), mostly single (63%) and worked in trading hub for an average of 14 years. There were 876 pregnancies reported in the total sample. Traders pregnant while working in in this location accounted for 120 pregnancies There was an increased risk of exposed traders having a low birth weight infant as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=3.7; CI: 1.8, 7.6). Exposed traders were also almost 3 times more likely to be infertile as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=2.6; CI: 1.6, 4.3). Conclusions: Working as a street trader may have a causal association with developing adverse reproductive outcomes in females. Recommendations to mitigate adverse exposures have been suggested which include short term safety interventions and better cooking practices and future long term policy interventions.

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The effects of occupational pollutants on the reproductive health of female informal street traders in Warwick Junction, Durban, South Africa – a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.12541/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sujatha Hariparsad ◽

Rajen Naidoo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Total Sample ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Informal street traders are exposed on a daily basis to traffic emissions and biomass fuel smoke containing a variety of pollutants. These exposures are likely to place the female traders at increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive outcomes among street traders exposed to pollutants from their work-related activities and traders without such exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 female traders selected from exposed and non-exposed areas within the Warwick Junction trading hub, located in Durban, South Africa. Validated reproductive questionnaires and clinical assessments were conducted on all participants. Adverse reproductive outcomes such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortions and infertility were assessed Results: The mean age of the traders was 43.6 years (SD:12.1), mostly single (63%) and worked in trading hub for an average of 14 years. There were 876 pregnancies reported in the total sample. Traders pregnant while working in in this location accounted for 120 pregnancies There was an increased risk of exposed traders having a low birth weight infant as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=3.7; CI: 1.8, 7.6). Exposed traders were also almost 3 times more likely to be infertile as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=2.6; CI: 1.6, 4.3). Conclusions: Working as a street trader may have a causal association with developing adverse reproductive outcomes in females. Recommendations to mitigate adverse exposures have been suggested which include short term safety interventions and better cooking practices and future long term policy interventions.

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The effects of occupational pollutants on the reproductive health of female informal street traders in Warwick Junction, Durban, South Africa – a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.12541/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sujatha Hariparsad ◽

Rajen Naidoo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Total Sample ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Informal street traders are exposed on a daily basis to traffic emissions and biomass fuel smoke containing a variety of pollutants. These exposures are likely to place the female traders at increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive outcomes among street traders exposed to pollutants from their work-related activities and traders without such exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 female traders selected from exposed and non-exposed areas within the Warwick Junction trading hub, located in Durban, South Africa. Validated reproductive questionnaires and clinical assessments were conducted on all participants. Adverse reproductive outcomes such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortions and infertility were assessed Results: The mean age of the traders was 43.6 years (SD:12.1), mostly single (63%) and worked in trading hub for an average of 14 years. There were 876 pregnancies reported in the total sample. Traders pregnant while working in in this location accounted for 120 pregnancies There was an increased risk of exposed traders having a low birth weight infant as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=3.7; CI: 1.8, 7.6). Exposed traders were also almost 3 times more likely to be infertile as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=2.6; CI: 1.6, 4.3). Conclusions: Working as a street trader may have a causal association with developing adverse reproductive outcomes in females. Recommendations to mitigate adverse exposures have been suggested which include short term safety interventions and better cooking practices and future long term policy interventions.

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The effects of occupational pollutants on the reproductive health of female informal street traders in Warwick Junction, Durban, South Africa – a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.12541/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sujatha Hariparsad ◽

Rajen Naidoo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Total Sample ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Informal street traders are exposed on a daily basis to traffic emissions and biomass fuel smoke containing a variety of pollutants. These exposures are likely to place the female traders at increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive outcomes among street traders exposed to pollutants from their work-related activities and traders without such exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 female traders selected from exposed and non-exposed areas within the Warwick Junction trading hub, located in Durban, South Africa. Validated reproductive questionnaires and clinical assessments were conducted on all participants. Adverse reproductive outcomes such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortions and infertility were assessed Results: The mean age of the traders was 43.6 years (SD:12.1), mostly single (63%) and worked in trading hub for an average of 14 years. There were 876 pregnancies reported in the total sample. Traders pregnant while working in in this location accounted for 120 pregnancies There was an increased risk of exposed traders having a low birth weight infant as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=3.7; CI: 1.8, 7.6). Exposed traders were also almost 3 times more likely to be infertile as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=2.6; CI: 1.6, 4.3). Conclusions: Working as a street trader may have a causal association with developing adverse reproductive outcomes in females. Recommendations to mitigate adverse exposures have been suggested which include short term safety interventions and better cooking practices and future long term policy interventions.

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A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY: ASSESSMENT OF MATERNAL RISK FACTORS FOUND IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES

10.36106/gjra/2605382 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

Nikulkumar Thakkar ◽

Shalini Panday ◽

Nomeeta Gupta

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Adult Life ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction Birth weight is one of the important factors for the survival, normal growth and development of a child. LBW is associated with compromised growth, disabilities, hospitalizations, brain damage, and poorer language development, increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in adult life. Maternal risk factor that may contribute to LBW include age, stature, socioeconomic status, multiple pregnancies, previous LBW infants and poor nutrition. Method: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the postnatal care wards and NICU of Janta trust hospital, Patan. All live born babies born at Janta Hopsital with birth weight of less than 2.5kg during July 2019 to June 2020 were included after written consent from parents. The information regarding the study variables was record on predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Result: Out of 65 LBW babies, 46.2% were boys. Percentage of LBW babies was similar in second para and above (52.3%) as compared to primiparous mothers (47.7%). Eighteen babies (18, 27.7%) were born pre term. About 3.1% LBW babies had very low birth weight. The proportion of LBW babies was higher in 20-24 year age group (52.3%). Majority of mothers studied up to primary (84.8%). Total 63.1% had an antenatal registration with in the first trimester. Half of mothers (52.3%) visited adequately during antenatal period. Most common maternal factors found in LBW mothers were anemia (55.4%), PIH (12.0%) followed by UTI (7.7%) fever (6.2%) and APH (6.2%). Conclusion: Maternal factors like teenage pregnancy, illiteracy of the mothers, lower socioeconomic status, short birth spacing, lack of antenatal care were observed higher among low birth weight newborn. There is the need to strengthen the maternal services at community level.

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Weight-Based Policy of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Taiwan: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0092271 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e92271 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chien-Yi Chen ◽

Huey-Ling Chen ◽

Hung-Chieh Chou ◽

Po-Nien Tsao ◽

Wu-Shiun Hsieh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Cross Sectional

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High Prevalence of Esophageal Acid Exposure in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Presenting or Not Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Neonatal Biology ◽

10.4172/2167-0897.1000127 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Aparecida Mezzacappa

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Esophageal Acid Exposure ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence

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Relationship Between Neonatal Leukemoid Reaction and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-2002-35612 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 379-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vincenzo Zanardo ◽

Valentina Savio ◽

Carlo Giacomin ◽

Andrea Rinaldi ◽

Francesco Marzari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Leukemoid Reaction ◽

Cross Sectional

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The Prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Factors Among Enteral Fed Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211019695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110196

Author(s):

Sitotaw Molla Mekonnen ◽

Daniel Mengistu Bekele ◽

Fikrtemariam Abebe Fenta ◽

Addisu Dabi Wake

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains to be the most critical and frequent gastrointestinal disorder understood in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The presented study was intended to assess the prevalence of NEC and associated factors among enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates. Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates who were admitted at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from March 25/2020 to May 10/2020. The data were collected through neonates’ medical record chart review. A total of 350 participants were enrolled in to the study with the response rate of 99.43%. One hundred eighty-four (52.6%) of them were male. The majority 123 (35.1%) of them were (32 + 1 to 34) weeks gestational age. The prevalence of NEC was (25.4%) (n = 89, [95% CI; 21.1, 30.0]). Being ≤28 weeks gestational age (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.97]), being (28 + 1 to 32 weeks) gestational age (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [2.21, 8.31]), birth weight of 1000 to 1499 g (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.22, 4.33]), APGAR score ≤3 (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.32, 4.16]), prolonged labor (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.35, 6.38]), maternal chronic disease particularly hypertension (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.70, 5.90]), chorioamnionitis (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI [3.9, 13]), failure to breath/resuscitated (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.7, 4.4]), CPAP ventilation (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.50, 12.70]), mixed milk (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI [2.16, 9.32]) were factors significantly associated with NEC. Finally, the prevalence of NEC in the study area was high. So that, initiating the programs that could minimize this problem is required to avoid the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with NEC.

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