scholarly journals Reduced-representation sequencing identifies small effective population sizes of Anopheles gambiae in the north-western Lake Victoria basin, Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Wiltshire ◽  
Christina M. Bergey ◽  
Jonathan K. Kayondo ◽  
Josephine Birungi ◽  
Louis G. Mukwaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
North Western ◽  
Reduced Representation Sequencing

scholarly journals Reduced representation sequencing to understand the evolutionary history of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana Parry) with implications for rare species conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel N Di Santo ◽  
Sean Hoban ◽  
Thomas L Parchman ◽  
Jessica W Wright ◽  
Jill A Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Pinus Torreyana ◽  
Reduced Representation Sequencing

Understanding the contribution of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes to population differences is often necessary for better informed management and conservation of rare species. In this study, we focused on Pinus torreyana Parry (Torrey pine), one of the world's rarest pines, endemic to one island and one mainland population in California. Small population size, low genetic diversity, and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses suggest Torrey pine may benefit from inter-population genetic rescue to preserve the species' evolutionary potential. We leveraged reduced representation sequencing to tease apart the respective contributions of stochastic and deterministic evolutionary processes to population differentiation. We applied these data to model spatial and temporal demographic changes in effective population sizes and genetic connectivity, to assess loci possibly under selection, and evaluate genetic rescue as a potential conservation strategy. Overall, we observed exceedingly low standing variation reflecting consistently low effective population sizes across time and limited genetic differentiation suggesting maintenance of gene flow following divergence. However, genome scans identified more than 2000 SNPs candidates for divergent selection. Combined with previous observations indicating population phenotypic differentiation, this indicates that natural selection has likely contributed to population genetic differences. Thus, while reduced genetic diversity, small effective population size, and genetic connectivity between populations suggest genetic rescue could mitigate the adverse effect of rarity, divergent selection between populations indicates that genetic mixing could disrupt adaptation. Further work evaluating the fitness consequences of inter-population admixture is necessary to empirically evaluate the trade-offs associated with genetic rescue in Torrey pine.

Tropical inshore dolphins of north-western Australia: Unknown populations in a rapidly changing region.

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J Allen ◽  
Daniele D Cagnazzi ◽  
Amanda J Hodgson ◽  
Neil R Loneragan ◽  
Lars Bejder
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
The North ◽  
Dolphin Population ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Commonwealth Government ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
North Western

Australian Snubfin Orcaella heinsohni, Indo-Pacific Humpback Sousa chinensis and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops aduncus inhabit Australia’s tropical north-western coastline, a region undergoing extensive port development associated with the massive expansion of the oil, gas and mining industries. The current lack of data on dolphin population sizes or trends precludes impact assessments of developments on these protected species. Furthermore, the Western Australian and Commonwealth Government conservation listings of tropical inshore dolphins do not reflect their international listings. From April to July, 2010, we conducted ad hoc boat-based surveys (n=55) of inshore delphinids at seven sites across north-western Australia from Coral Bay in the south (23.1°S: 113.8°E) to Cable Beach in the north (17.9°S: 122.2°E). We documented the locations of these three species from which we obtained photoidentification and biopsy data, as well as reports of Australian Snubfin Dolphin sightings from researchers and community groups. The data from this limited field effort confirm that Indo-Pacific Humpback and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins occur in the waters adjacent to each north-western Australian urban centre and show that the range of the Australian Snubfin Dolphin extends considerably further south-west than previously reported. Given the scale of coastal developments and the vulnerability of isolated cetacean populations to fragmentation or extirpation, assessments of the viability of dolphin populations are required. Our data suggest that the Australian Snubfin, Indo-Pacific Humpback and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins need to be considered as likely to be impacted by coastal developments across north-western Australia.

The distribution, habitat requirements and conservation status of the plains rat, Pseudomys australis (Rodentia : Muridae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brandle ◽  
K. E. Moseby ◽  
M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Discrete Population ◽  
Territory Border ◽  
North Western

Species in the Pseudomys australis complex were historically widely distributed in a variety of habitats over southern Australia. By 1990 the group had apparently declined to a single species in the centre of its former range in the north-western Lake Eyre Basin, in gibber plain areas. In the past, the species has been collected only after exceptional annual rainfall. This study sought to define the current distribution of P. australis and to determine its preferred habitats during the usual prolonged dry periods. Allozyme electrophoresis on blood and tissue samples were used to investigate the genetic distinctiveness of geographically separated populations. The known distribution has been extended along a belt of gibber habitats running from north-west of Lake Eyre on the Northern Territory border to south of Lake Eyre South, and a discrete population inhabiting gibber tableland west of Lake Torrens. Pseudomys australis was extant in low-lying patches of deep cracking clay associated with minor drainage features and small depressions of cracking clay ‘gilgai’ common on some gibber plains. The former type sustained significantly denser populations, which we suggest represent ‘source’ habitats or ‘refugia’ during droughts. Many of the 16 localities at which the species was recorded are geographically separated; however, electrophoretic analyses showed high levels of allozyme heterozygosity and no evidence of speciation.

scholarly journals Response of an Afro-Palearctic bird migrant to glaciation cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (52) ◽  
pp. e2023836118
Author(s):  
Kasper Thorup ◽  
Lykke Pedersen ◽  
Rute R. da Fonseca ◽  
Babak Naimi ◽  
David Nogués-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Glacial Periods

Migration allows animals to exploit spatially separated and seasonally available resources at a continental to global scale. However, responding to global climatic changes might prove challenging, especially for long-distance intercontinental migrants. During glacial periods, when conditions became too harsh for breeding in the north, avian migrants have been hypothesized to retract their distribution to reside within small refugial areas. Here, we present data showing that an Afro-Palearctic migrant continued seasonal migration, largely within Africa, during previous glacial–interglacial cycles with no obvious impact on population size. Using individual migratory track data to hindcast monthly bioclimatic habitat availability maps through the last 120,000 y, we show altered seasonal use of suitable areas through time. Independently derived effective population sizes indicate a growing population through the last 40,000 y. We conclude that the migratory lifestyle enabled adaptation to shifting climate conditions. This indicates that populations of resource-tracking, long-distance migratory species could expand successfully during warming periods in the past, which could also be the case under future climate scenarios.

scholarly journals UGANDA: A Country Profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Masum
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

Uganda lies in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is situated in East Africa and occupies an area of 241,038 sq km (roughly twice the size of the state of Pennsylvania) and its population is about 35,873,253 (CIA World Factbook, 2012). Uganda is bordered by Tanzania and Rwanda to the south, Democratic Republic of Congo to the west, South Sudan to the north, and Kenya to the east. Uganda is a landlocked country and occupies most of the Lake Victoria Basin, which was formed by the geological shifts that created the Rift Valley during the Pleistocene era. Uganda was a British colony and became an independent- sovereign nation in 1962 without a bloody struggle. Several ethnic groups reside in the country i.e. Baganda, Banyankole, Bahima, Bakiga, Bunyoro, Batoro, Basoga, Bagisu, Langi, Acholi, Lugbara, Karamojong and others. English is the official language by virtue of Article 6(1) of the 1995 Constitution and Swahili is also widely spoken especially in the urban areas. Uganda has no State religion. As a country, Uganda has witnessed some positive development in the area of security. The government managed to plant the seeds of peace in the north by defeating the Lord Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony.    

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