Difficulties accessing health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: examining the intersectionality between immigrant status and visible minority status

Abstract Background Difficulties accessing health care services can result in delaying in seeking and obtaining treatment. Although these difficulties are disproportionately experienced among vulnerable groups, we know very little about how the intersectionality of realities experienced by immigrants and visible minorities can impact their access to health care services since the pandemic. Methods Using Statistics Canada’s Crowdsourcing Data: Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians—Experiences of Discrimination, we combine two variables (i.e., immigrant status and visible minority status) to create a new variable called visible minority immigrant status. This multiplicative approach is commonly used in intersectionality research, which allows us to explore disadvantages experienced by minorities with multiplicative identities. Results Main results show that, compared to white native-born, visible minority immigrants are less likely to report difficulties accessing non-emergency surgical care (OR = 0.55, p < 0.001), non-emergency diagnostic test (OR = 0.74, p < 0.01), dental care (OR = 0.71, p < 0.001), mental health care (OR = 0.77, p < 0.05), and making an appointment for rehabilitative care (OR = 0.56, p < 0.001) but more likely to report difficulties accessing emergency services/urgent care (OR = 1.46, p < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that there is a dynamic interplay of factors operating at multiple levels to shape the impact of COVID-19 related needs to be addressed through changes in social policies, which can tackle unique struggles faced by visible minority immigrants.

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Health Literacy: The Impact It Has on Access to Health Care Services. Should This Be a Part of All PA Programsʼ Coursework?

The Journal of Physician Assistant Education ◽

10.1097/01367895-200213020-00020 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

R Byous

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Care Services ◽

Access To Health ◽

The Impact

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The Effects of Recent Welfare and Immigration Reforms on Immigrants’ Access to Health Care

International Migration Review ◽

10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00144.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 444-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Jacqueline Hagan ◽

Nestor Rodriguez ◽

Randy Capps ◽

Nika Kabiri

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Personal Responsibility ◽

Immigration Reform ◽

Public Agency ◽

Care Services ◽

Immigration Reforms ◽

Legal Permanent Residents ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, both passed in 1996, on the use of health-care services in immigrant communities in five Texas counties. The study presents findings of interviews with public agency officials, directors of community-based organizations, and members of 500 households during two research phases, 1997–1998 and 1998–1999. In the household sample, 20 percent of U.S. citizens and 30 percent of legal permanent residents who reported having received Medicaid during the five years before they were interviewed also reported losing the coverage during the past year. Some lost coverage because of welfare reform restrictions on noncitizen eligibility or because of changes in income or household size, but many eligible immigrants also withdrew from Medicaid “voluntarily.”

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Does Decentralization Improve Provision of Health Services? Evidence from Kisumu and Makueni Counties in Kenya

10.31237/osf.io/xef7a ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Racheal Omukhulu Makokha

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Services ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Public Services ◽

Published Data ◽

County Governments ◽

Care Services ◽

Access To Health ◽

The Impact

The last five decades have seen uncountable debates on the impact of decentralization on provision of public services. While it has evidently improved public service delivery in some countries, it has worsened it in others. Kenya implemented devolution in 2013 in the hope of bringing public services nearer to the people. Health was one of the services identified. Yet, the local media has reported negative impact of devolution on provision of health services since 2013. This study sought to look at the actual effect of devolution on access to health care services by analysing secondary quantitative data from the government published data, official statistics, international development agencies’ surveys and reports. Two county governments; Kisumu and Makueni were chosen to represent the urban and rural populations respectively. Contrary to the wider literature on health decentralization, this study found out that devolution did not worsen access to health care services in Kenya. The study attributed this to the nature of devolution adopted in the country where the county governments have considerable authority, decision-making power and responsibility over their counties.

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Access to Health Care Services by Individuals Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (Dhh) in Botswana: Francistown and Tati

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29186/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gorgeous Sarah Chinkonono ◽

Vivian Namuli ◽

Catherine Atuhaire ◽

Hamida Massaquoi ◽

Sourav Mukhopadhyay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Hard Of Hearing ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Care Services ◽

Main Challenge ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Individuals who are Deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) face a lot of challenges when accessing health care services. The main barrier that they face is communication. Despite this, not much research had been carried out in Africa to understand how individuals who are DHH access healthcare services. This study sought to explore experiences of individuals who are DHH in Botswana when accessing healthcare services to propose recommendations towards improving their situation.Methods: This is a qualitative research study using phenomenological approach. Participants were observed at one point in time. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 DHH individuals living in Francistown and Tati, using a semi-structured interview guide and an interpreter. Participants age range was between 18years to 40years. Purposive sampling and snowballing sampling techniques were used to select the participants.Results: The main challenge that individuals who are DHH in Botswana face is communication barrier which has culminated in their reception of poor healthcare services as the healthcare professionals fail to effectively attain to their health needs. This is evident through wrong prescriptions and treatment; poor counselling services, lack of confidentiality; poor maternal health services especially during child delivery; and limited health information. However, individuals who are DHH in Botswana continues to utilise healthcare services.Conclusion: Poor communication between healthcare professionals and individuals who are DHH act as an impediment to acquiring proper healthcare services by individuals who are DHH. This can lead to poor health outcomes for the DHH population as they are not well informed about health issues that they are at risk of and at times do not know where to seek specific healthcare services pertaining to the health problems they are experiencing. Therefore, there is a need to provide sign language interpreters in the healthcare centres to reduce the impact of this problem.

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Right to health and access to health-care services for refugees in Turkey

Journal of Services Marketing ◽

10.1108/jsm-06-2020-0256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

N. Ela Gokalp Aras ◽

Sertan Kabadayi ◽

Emir Ozeren ◽

Erhan Aydin

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Institutional Theory ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Content Type ◽

Care Services ◽

Access To Health ◽

The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of factors that contribute to refugees’ exclusion from health-care services. More specifically, using institutional theory, this paper identifies regulative pillar-, normative pillar- and cultural/cognitive pillar-related challenges that result in refugees having limited or no access to health-care services. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on both secondary research and empirical insights from two qualitative fieldwork studies totaling 37 semi-structured meso-level interviews, observations and focus groups in three Turkish cities (Izmir, Ankara and Edirne), as well as a total of 42 micro-level, semi-structured interviews with refugees and migrants in one large city (Izmir) in Turkey. Findings This study reveals that systematically stratified legal statuses result in different levels of access to public health-care services for migrants, asylum seekers or refugees based on their fragmented protection statuses. The findings suggest access to health-care is differentiated not only between local citizens and refugees but also among the refugees and migrants based on their legal status as shaped by their country of origin. Originality/value While the role of macro challenges such as laws and government regulations in shaping policies about refugees have been examined in other fields, the impact of such factors on refugee services and well-being has been largely ignored in service literature in general, as well as transformative service research literature in particular. This study is one of the first attempts by explicitly including macro-level factors to contribute to the discussion on the refugees’ access to public health-care services in a host country by relying on the institutional theory by providing a holistic understanding of cognitive, normative and regulative factors in understanding service exclusion problem.

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Challenges in accessing health care services : Canadian children living in mixed-status families

10.32920/ryerson.14652033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Ayla Caplan

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Immigration Status ◽

Uninsured Patients ◽

Care Services ◽

Access To Health ◽

The Impact ◽

Mixed Status Families ◽

Mixed Status

Few studies have explored the prevalence of Canadian children with family members that have precarious legal status and the impact of parental immigration status on a child's access to health care in Canada. This quantitative research study uses a rights-based approach to discuss secondary data collected retrospectively between 2005-2009 at a medical clinic for uninsured patients in eastern Toronto, Ontario (n=128). Demographic, immigration, and health-related factors are presented, and parental immigration status and health-seeking behaviours are explored. Findings indicate that: many Canadian children (Canadian-born and naturalized Canadians) are uninsured; Canadian children who attend the clinic are sick, as opposed to accessing well-child check-ups; and, a group of Canadian children living in mixed-status families are accessing health care facilities for medically uninsured patients. This study highlights mixed-status families, and the potential impact on children's access to health care. This study helps fill the research gap regarding uninsured Canadian children. It is intended to increase community and professional awareness about impingements made in fulfilling Canadian children's right to access the "universal" health care services they have been promised. In turn, this research could inform future policy, practice, and research within health care, educational, and governmental domains.

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Challenges in accessing health care services : Canadian children living in mixed-status families

10.32920/ryerson.14652033.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Ayla Caplan

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Immigration Status ◽

Uninsured Patients ◽

Care Services ◽

Access To Health ◽

The Impact ◽

Mixed Status Families ◽

Mixed Status

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The Impact of War on Population Health

MacEwan University Student eJournal ◽

10.31542/j.muse.173 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Turkan Ahmet

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Status ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Past ◽

Care Services ◽

Physical Environments ◽

The Social ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

The Impact

The past few decades of ongoing war in Iraq has had a dramatic impact on the health of Iraq’s population. Wars are known to have negative effects on the social and physical environments of individuals, as well as limit their access to the available health care services. This paper explores the personal experiences of my family members, who were exposed to war, as well as includes information that has been reviewed form many academic sources. The data aided in providing recommendations and developing strategies, on both local and international levels, to improve the health status of the populations exposed to war.

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