scholarly journals A method for estimating neighborhood characterization in studies of the association with availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Peng ◽  
Daniel A. Rodriguez ◽  
Jana A. Hirsch ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
High Income ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
The Many ◽  
Neighborhood Type ◽  
Varied Distribution

Abstract Background Although neighborhood-level access to food differs by sociodemographic factors, a majority of research on neighborhoods and food access has used a single construct of neighborhood context, such as income or race. Therefore, the many interrelated built environment and sociodemographic characteristics of neighborhoods obscure relationships between neighborhood factors and food access. Methods The objective of this study was to account for the many interrelated characteristics of food-related neighborhood environments and examine the association between neighborhood type and relative availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets. Using cluster analyses with multiple measures of neighborhood characteristics (e.g., population density, mix of land use, and sociodemographic factors) we identified six neighborhood types in 1993 in the Twin Cities Region, Minnesota. We then used mixed effects regression models to estimate differences in the relative availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets in 1993, 2001, and 2011 across the six neighborhood types. Results We defined six types of neighborhoods that existed in 1993, namely, urban core, inner city, urban, aging suburb, high-income suburb, and suburban edge. Between 1993 and 2011, inner city neighborhoods experienced a greater increase in the percent of sit-down restaurants compared with urban core, urban, and aging suburbs. Differences in the percent of sit-down restaurants between inner city and aging suburbs, high-income suburbs and suburban edge neighborhoods increased between 1993 and 2011. Similarly, aging suburb neighborhoods had a greater percent of supermarkets compared with urban and high-income suburb neighborhoods in 2001 and 2011, but not in 1993, suggesting a more varied distribution of food stores across neighborhoods over time. Thus, the classification of neighborhood type based on sociodemographic and built environment characteristics resulted in a complex and increasingly varied distribution of restaurants and food stores. Conclusions The temporal increase in the relative availability of sit-down restaurants in inner cities after accounting for all restaurants might be partly related to a higher proportion of residents who eat-away-from-home, which is associated with higher calorie and fat intake.

scholarly journals A method for estimating neighborhood characterization in the association with availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Peng ◽  
Daniel A. Rodriguez ◽  
Jana A. Hirsch ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Single Construct ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Access To Food

Abstract Background : Although neighborhood-level access to food differs by sociodemographic factors, almost all research on neighborhoods and food access has used a single construct of neighborhood context, such as income or race. Neighborhoods possess many interrelated built environment and sociodemographic characteristics, a condition that obscures relationships between neighborhood factors and food access. Methods : The objective of this study is to examine the association between neighborhood characterization and neighborhood food availability while accounting for the effects of many interrelated aspects of neighborhoods associated with food access. We used cluster analyses method that used multiple measures (e.g., population density, mix of land use, and sociodemographic factors) that are easy to obtain to define six neighborhood types in 1993 in the Twin Cities Region, Minnesota. We then used mixed effects regression models to estimate the differences in the relative availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets in 1993, 2001, and 2011 across the six neighborhood types. Results : Between 1993 and 2011, inner city neighborhoods experienced a greater increase in the percent of sit-down restaurants compared with urban core, urban, and aging suburb. The differences in the percent of sit-down restaurants between inner city and aging suburb, high-income suburb and suburban edge neighborhoods increased between 1993 and 2011. Using classification of neighborhood type based on sociodemographic and built environment characteristics, we found a complex and increasingly varied distribution of restaurants and food stores. Conclusions : The temporal increase in the relative availability of sit-down restaurants in inner cities after accounting for all restaurants might be associated with a higher proportion of residents who eat-away-from-home, which is associated with higher calorie and fat intake. Keywords: built environment, sociodemographic, food stores, urbanization

scholarly journals A method for estimating the associations of neighborhood type with availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Peng ◽  
Daniel A. Rodriguez ◽  
Jana A. Hirsch ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Access ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Single Construct ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Neighborhood Type

Abstract Background: Although neighborhood-level access to food differs by sociodemographic factors, almost all research on neighborhoods and food access has used a single construct of neighborhood context, such as income or race. Neighborhoods possess many interrelated built environment and sociodemographic characteristics, a condition that obscures relationships between neighborhood factors and food access.Methods: To account for the effects of many interrelated aspects of neighborhoods in food access, we developed a generally applicable method that used multiple measures (e.g., population density, mix of land use, and sociodemographic factors) that are easy to obtain to define six neighborhood types in 1993 in the Twin Cities Region, Minnesota. We then used mixed effects regression models to estimate differences in the relative availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets in 1993, 2001, and 2011 across the six neighborhood types.Results: We observed a higher relative availability of sit-down restaurants in inner city neighborhoods than in urban, aging suburbs, high-income suburbs, or suburban edge neighborhoods for 2011; we did not observe these same patterns for 1993 or 2001. Using nuanced classification of neighborhood type, we found a complex and increasingly varied distribution of restaurants and food stores.Conclusions: The temporal increase in sit-down restaurants in inner cities may be associated with a higher proportion of residents who eat-away-from-home, which is associated with higher calorie and fat intake.

scholarly journals A method for estimating neighborhood characterization in the association with availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Peng ◽  
Daniel A. Rodriguez ◽  
Jana A. Hirsch ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Single Construct ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Access To Food

Abstract ABSTRACT Background : Although neighborhood-level access to food differs by sociodemographic factors, almost all research on neighborhoods and food access has used a single construct of neighborhood context, such as income or race. Neighborhoods possess many interrelated built environment and sociodemographic characteristics, a condition that obscures relationships between neighborhood factors and food access. Methods : The objective of this study is to examine the association between neighborhood characterization and neighborhood food availability while accounting for the effects of many interrelated aspects of neighborhoods associated with food access. We used cluster analyses method that used multiple measures (e.g., population density, mix of land use, and sociodemographic factors) that are easy to obtain to define six neighborhood types in 1993 in the Twin Cities Region, Minnesota. We then used mixed effects regression models to estimate the differences in the relative availability of sit-down restaurants and supermarkets in 1993, 2001, and 2011 across the six neighborhood types. Results : We observed a higher relative availability of sit-down restaurants in inner city neighborhoods than in urban, aging suburbs, high-income suburbs, or suburban edge neighborhoods for 2011; we did not observe these same patterns for 1993 or 2001. Using classification of neighborhood type based on sociodemographic and built environment characteristics, we found a complex and increasingly varied distribution of restaurants and food stores. Conclusions : The temporal increase in the relative availability of sit-down restaurants in inner cities after accounting for all restaurants might be associated with a higher proportion of residents who eat-away-from-home, which is associated with higher calorie and fat intake. Keywords: built environment, sociodemographic, food stores, urbanization

scholarly journals Spatial Explicit Assessment of Urban Vitality Using Multi-Source Data: A Case of Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenze Yue ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Pudong New Area

Identifying urban vitality in large cities is critical for optimizing the urban fabric. While great attention has been paid to urban vitality in developed countries, related studies have been rarely conducted in developing countries. In this study, we defined urban vitality as the capacity of an urban built environment to boost lively social activities and developed a framework for measuring urban vitality using the dimensions of built environment, human activities, and human–environment interaction. Taking Shanghai, China as a case, we conducted a measurement of urban vitality using multi-source data. The results show that Shanghai follows a monocentric vital pattern within the outer ring road, with urban vitality declining from the central urban core to the city periphery. While the old urban cores tend to show high urban vitality, Pudong New Area is mostly dominated by low vitality. Three clusters with high urban vitality were identified: the old urban area, the Lujiazui CBD, and residential agglomeration areas. We conducted validation of the measuring results using phone usage density. Urban vitality showed a positive correlation with phone usage density, indicating a high accuracy of assessment. We also discovered that European-style block planning, zoning plan, mixed-functional development, urban renewal regulation, and migrant concentration were playing leading role in urban vitality of Shanghai.

Using participatory and mixed-methods approaches in GIS to develop a Place-Based Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubur R Meenar
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Participatory Gis ◽  
Analytical Process

This paper discusses the development of a Place-Based Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Index (PFIVI), which incorporates six indicators and 30 variables. It also presents an application of this Index within the context of Philadelphia, a postindustrial U.S. city. The paper argues that in order to thoroughly measure a multidimensional socioeconomic problem that is tied to the built environment (e.g., food insecurity and vulnerability), the use of participatory and mixed-methods approaches in GIS (e.g., participatory GIS or PGIS) may produce more comprehensive results compared to other commonly used methods. This paper makes an intervention in the food environment literature, which tends to analyze food access in a narrow way, by applying a methodology conceptually grounded in community food security and operationalized through a PGIS project. It also contributes to still-evolving PGIS methodologies by directly engaging stakeholders in a complicated GIS-based analytical process.

The Consumer Economics of Unit Pricing

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans R. Isakson ◽  
Alex R. Maurizi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Consumer Economics ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Unit Pricing ◽  
Labeling System

The introduction of unit pricing in food stores makes it easier for shoppers to choose cheaper items. Low-income shoppers, however, do not appear to make significant use of unit pricing in contrast to the middle-income and high-income shoppers who do. The explanation could lie in their lower ability to understand the unit price labeling system making it difficult to capture the benefits of its use.

The Battle of Jena

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Heckart
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
German Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Urban Core

Jena, as a medium-sized city within the German Democratic Republic, confronted the socialist regime’s determination to build a massive skyscraper within the intimate urban core in 1968-1969. Functionally planned as a research facility for the VEB Zeiss, the central government in Berlin also intended the “tower” to symbolize architecturally the victory of socialism in Germany. Townsfolk, who identified collectively, professionally, and individually with the historic town, mobilized as best they could to save as much of their familiar inner city as possible. They could not prevent the construction of the skyscraper, but they did succeed in limiting some of the regime’s other urbanist plans. In the process, they experimented with a variety of oppositional forms that protestors later used in other cities. This article suggests that the existing urban environment symbolically presented an alternative to the socialist revolution and became a rallying point for opponents of the regime.

Impact of Older Adults’ Neighborhood Perceptions on Walking Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana L. Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Street Connectivity ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Type ◽  
Age And Sex

Built environment features can have varying impacts on user behavior depending on the perceptions of the opportunities and obstacles that the environments create. This study systematically evaluated the relationship between neighborhood perceptions and the specific types of self-reported walking behavior for 121 older adults who resided in urban, suburban, or rural neighborhoods. Perceptions of street connectivity, crime and traffic safety, and overall satisfaction were associated with specific types of walking behaviors, and the strength of the relationships differed by neighborhood type. Sociodemographic variables such as age and sex were associated with certain types and amounts of older adults’ walking behaviors both across and within each neighborhood type. The results of this study support the importance of perceived street connectivity regardless of neighborhood type and perceived crime safety in rural neighborhoods to impact the walking behavior among older adults.

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