scholarly journals A spotlight on lime: a review about adverse reactions and clinical manifestations due to Citrus aurantiifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Alessandrello ◽  
Luca Gammeri ◽  
Serena Sanfilippo ◽  
Raffaele Cordiano ◽  
Silvia Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The Family ◽  
Protein Contact Dermatitis ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
Citrus Aurantiifolia

AbstractLime (Citrus aurantiifolia) is a plant belonging to the family of Rutaceae and to the genus Citrus. The fruit is widely used in the United States, Mexico, Southeast Asia, Latin America, but is increasingly widespread all over the world. It is used as a fresh fruit, in the preparation of foods, sweets and drinks and its oils are used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The main adverse reactions to lime seem to be represented by contact dermatitis, allergic and phototoxic type. In the context of allergic forms, several allergens have been identified in the citrus family, the main one being limonene, but no noteworthy cross-reactivity has been identified. However, a case of fruit protein contact dermatitis has been described, showing sensitization to other fruits, such as kiwi, avocado, pineapple and apple. There are several molecules responsible for phototoxic reactions and mainly belonging to the coumarin and furocoumarins families. Reactions related to ingesting the fruit or inhaling pollen from the tree appear to be rare, as there are no known cases reported in the literature. The increasing diffusion of lime in Europe must pay attention to possible adverse reactions due to contact with this fruit, which seem destined to increase in future years. Further importance must be placed on patch tests and on the possibility of using alternative extracts to classic fragrance mixes.

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПИЩЕВЫХ АЛЛЕРГЕНОВ ЖИВОТНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Pampura ◽  
E.E. Varlamov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Mammalian Meat

Продукты животного происхождения обладают наиболее сбалансированным комплексом необходимых нутриентов, поэтому их включение в пищевой рацион оправданно в различные возрастные периоды. Клинические проявления аллергии к данным продуктам крайне разнообразны. Одним из ключевых аспектов обозначенной проблемы является диагностика и оценка вероятности развития перекрестной реактивности. К пищевым продуктам животного происхождения, наиболее часто индуцирующим симптомы, относятся коровье молоко, куриное яйцо, рыба, моллюски, ракообразные, мясо млекопитающих. В представленной статье изложены данные об основных классах пищевых аллергенов животного происхождения, индуцирующих развитие перекрестных аллергических реакций. Описаны синдромы, связанные с перекрестной реактивностью: птица-яйцо , кошка-свинина , рыба-курица и -Gal-синдром/ синдром красного мяса .Animal foods products contain the most balanced complex of essential nutrients. The clinical manifestations of allergy to these products are varied. Key aspect of this problem is diagnostics and assessment of cross-reactivity. The food animal products that more often induce symptoms include cows milk, hens egg, fish, mollusks, crustaceans, mammalian meat. Data on the main classes of food animal allergens inducing the development of cross-allergic reactions as well as syndromes associated with cross-reactivity like bird-egg , cat-pork , fish-chicken and a-Gal-syndrome/ red meat syndrome are described in this article.

Role of in vivo and in vitro Tests in the Diagnosis of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR) to Drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 3872-3880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel M. Bergmann ◽  
Jean-Christoph Caubet
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are life-threatening conditions including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Diagnosis of causative underlying drug hypersensitivity (DH) is mandatory due to the high morbidity and mortality upon re-exposure with the incriminated drug. If an underlying DH is suspected, in vivo test, including patch tests (PTs), delayed-reading intradermal tests (IDTs) and in vitro tests can be performed in selected patients for which the suspected culprit drug is mandatory, or in order to find a safe alternative treatment. Positivity of in vivo and in vitro tests in SCAR to drug varies depending on the type of reaction and the incriminated drugs. Due to the severe nature of these reactions, drug provocation test (DPT) is highly contraindicated in patients who experienced SCAR. Thus, sensitivity is based on positive test results in patients with a suggestive clinical history. Patch tests still remain the first-line diagnostic tests in the majority of patients with SCAR, followed, in case of negative results, by delayed-reading IDTs, with the exception of patients with bullous diseases where IDTs are still contra-indicated. In vitro tests have shown promising results in the diagnosis of SCAR to drug. Positivity is particularly high when the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is combined with cytokines and cytotoxic markers measurement (cyto-LTT), but this still has to be confirmed with larger studies. Due to the rarity of SCAR, large multi-center collaborative studies are needed to better study the sensitivity and specificity of in vivo and in vitro tests.

Enterovirus D-68 Molecular Virology, Epidemiology, and Treatment: an update and way forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada ◽  
Notila Fayed ◽  
Souad Alkanj ◽  
Ahmed Wadaa Allah
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Molecular Virology ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Enterovirus D68

: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, and it is one of the family Picornaviridae. Except for EV-D68, the family Picornaviridae has been illustrated in literature. EV-D68 was first discovered and isolated in California, USA, in 1962. EV-D68 has resulted in respiratory disorders’ outbreaks among children worldwide, and it has been detected in cases of various neurological diseases such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). A recent study documented a higher number of EV-D68 cases associated with AFM in Europe in 2016 compared to the 2014 outbreak. EV-D68 is mainly diagnosed by quantitative PCR, and there is an affirmative strategy for EV-D68 detection by using pan-EV PCR on the untranslated region and/or the VP1 or VP2, followed by sequencing of the PCR products. Serological tests are limited due to cross-reactivity of the antigens between the different serotypes. Many antiviral drugs for EV-D68 have been evaluated, and showed promising results. In our review, we discuss the current knowledge about EV-D68 and its role in the development of AFM.

Breaking Free

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre David
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Male Homosexuality ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
The Family

In the mid- to late 1950s, Pamela emerged as a critically acclaimed novelist, particularly after the family returned to London. In perhaps her best-known novel, The Unspeakable Skipton, she explores the life of a paranoid writer who sponges on English visitors to Bruges. The novel was hailed for its wit and sensitive depiction of the life of a writer. She also published a fine study of a London vicar martyred in marriage to a vain and selfish wife: The Humbler Creation is remarkable for its incisive and empathetic depiction of male despair. The Last Resort sealed her distinction as a brilliant novelist of domestic life in its frank depiction of male homosexuality. While continuing to publish fiction, Pamela maintained her reputation as a deft reviewer. In 1954, she and Charles travelled to the United States—the first of many trips that were to follow.

scholarly journals Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 Vaccination: In Search of the Underlying Mechanism

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Piotr Rzymski ◽  
Bartłomiej Perek ◽  
Robert Flisiak
Keyword(s):  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Adenoviral Proteins

The rollout of COVID-19 vaccines brings hope for successful pandemic mitigation and getting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 under control. The vaccines authorized in Europe displayed a good safety profile in the clinical trials. However, during their post-authorization use, unusual thrombotic events associated with thrombocytopenia have rarely been reported for vector vaccines. This led to the temporary suspension of the AZD1222 vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca) in various European countries and the Ad26.COV2 vaccine (Janssen/Johnson&Johnson) in the United States, with regulatory bodies launching investigations into potential causal associations. The thromboembolic reactions were also rarely reported after mRNA vaccines. The exact cause of these adverse effects remains to be elucidated. The present paper outlines the hypotheses on the mechanisms behind the very rare thrombotic thrombocytopenia reported after the COVID-19 vaccination, along with currently existing evidence and future research prospects. The following are discussed: (i) the role of antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4), (ii) the direct interaction between adenoviral vector and platelets, (iii) the cross-reactivity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with PF4, (iv) cross-reactivity of anti-adenovirus antibodies and PF4, (v) interaction between spike protein and platelets, (vi) the platelet expression of spike protein and subsequent immune response, and (vii) the platelet expression of other adenoviral proteins and subsequent reactions. It is also plausible that thrombotic thrombocytopenia after the COVID-19 vaccine is multifactorial. The elucidation of the causes of these adverse events is pivotal in taking precautionary measures and managing vaccine hesitancy. It needs to be stressed, however, that the reported cases are currently sporadic and that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines vastly outweigh their potential risks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document