scholarly journals Implementation of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care: patterns of utilization and evidence development

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Dreger ◽  
Helene Eckhardt ◽  
Susanne Felgner ◽  
Hanna Errmann ◽  
Hendrikje Lantzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Care Patterns

Abstract Background Innovative medical technologies are commonly associated with positive expectations. At the time of their introduction into care, there is often little evidence available regarding their benefits and harms. Accordingly, some innovative medical technologies with a lack of evidence are used widely until or even though findings of adverse events emerge, while others with study results supporting their safety and effectiveness remain underused. This study aims at examining the diffusion patterns of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care between 2005 and 2017 while simultaneously considering evidence development. Methods Based on a qualitatively derived typology and a quantitative clustering of the adoption curves, a representative sample of 21 technologies was selected for further evaluation. Published scientific evidence on efficacy/effectiveness and safety of the technologies was identified and extracted in a systematic approach. Derived from a two-dimensional classification according to the degree of utilization and availability of supportive evidence, the diffusion patterns were then assigned to the categories “Success” (widespread/positive), “Hazard” (widespread/negative), “Overadoption” (widespread/limited or none), “Underadoption” (cautious/positive), “Vigilance” (cautious/negative), and “Prudence” (cautious/limited or none). Results Overall, we found limited evidence on the examined technologies regarding both the quantity and quality of published randomized controlled trials. Thus, the categories “Prudence” and “Overadoption” together account for nearly three-quarters of the years evaluated, followed by “Success” with 17%. Even when evidence is available, the transfer of knowledge into practice appears to be inhibited. Conclusions The successful implementation of safe and effective innovative medical technologies into practice requires substantial further efforts by policymakers to strengthen systematic knowledge generation and translation. Creating an environment that encourages the conduct of rigorous studies, promotes knowledge translation, and rewards innovative medical technologies according to their added value is a prerequisite for the diffusion of valuable health care.

scholarly journals Implementation of Innovative Medical Technologies In German Inpatient Care: Patterns of Utilization And Evidence Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Böcker ◽  
Helene Eckhardt ◽  
Susanne Felgner ◽  
Hanna Errmann ◽  
Hendrikje Lantzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background: Innovative medical technologies are commonly associated with positive expectations. At the time of their introduction into care, there is often little evidence available on their benefits and harms. Thus, it happens that some health innovations with a lack of evidence are used widely until or even though adverse study results emerge. Others with strong scientific support remain underused. The study aims at examining the diffusion patterns of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care between 2005 and 2017 while simultaneously considering evidence development. Methods: Based on a qualitatively derived typology and a quantitative clustering process of the adoption curves, a representative sample of 21 technologies was selected for further evaluation. Published scientific evidence on efficacy and safety of the technologies was identified and extracted in a systematic approach. Derived from a two-dimensional classification according to the degree of utilization and state of scientific evidence, the diffusion processes were then assigned to the categories "Success" (widespread/positive), "Hazard" (widespread/negative), "Overadoption" (widespread/limited or no), "Underadoption" (cautious/positive), "Vigilance" (cautious/negative) and "Prudence" (cautious/ limited or no). Results: Overall, we found limited evidence regarding both the quantity and quality of published randomized controlled trials. Thus, the categories “Prudence” and “Overadoption” together account for nearly three-quarters of the years evaluated, followed by “Success” with 17 percent. Even when evidence is available, the transfer of knowledge into practice seems inhibited.Conclusions: The successful implementation of innovations into practice requires substantial further efforts by policymakers to strengthen systematic knowledge generation and translation. Creating an environment that encourages the conduct of rigorous studies, promotes knowledge translation, and rewards innovations according to their added value are prerequisites for the diffusion of valuable innovations in the health care sector.

How Sweet and Ripe are the Fruits? Data Mining Techniques for Classifying and Predicting ‘Quick-Wins’ Direct Capital Investment in Indonesia as One Approach to Business intelligence Orientation and Knowledge Management Scenarios of Indonesian Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Ali Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

The existence of big data of Indonesian FDI (foreign direct investment)/ CDI (capital direct investment) has not been exploited somehow to give further ideas and decision making basis. Example of data exploitation by data mining techniques are for clustering/labeling using K-Mean and classification/prediction using Naïve Bayesian of such DCI categories. One of DCI form is the ‘Quick-Wins’, a.k.a. ‘Low-Hanging-Fruits’ Direct Capital Investment (DCI), or named shortly as QWDI. Despite its mentioned unfavorable factors, i.e. exploitation of natural resources, low added-value creation, low skill-low wages employment, environmental impacts, etc., QWDI , to have great contribution for quick and high job creation, export market penetration and advancement of technology potential. By using some basic data mining techniques as complements to usual statistical/query analysis, or analysis by similar studies or researches, this study has been intended to enable government planners, starting-up companies or financial institutions for further CDI development. The idea of business intelligence orientation and knowledge generation scenarios is also one of precious basis. At its turn, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)’s enablement will have strategic role for Indonesian enterprises growth and as a fundamental for ‘knowledge based economy’ in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Estimates in Arid Region: A Case Study of the Koutine Catchment, Southeastern Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6763
Author(s):  
Mongi Ben Zaied ◽  
Seifeddine Jomaa ◽  
Mohamed Ouessar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Losses

Soil erosion remains one of the principal environmental problems in arid regions. This study aims to assess and quantify the variability of soil erosion in the Koutine catchment using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The Koutine catchment is located in an arid area in southeastern Tunisia and is characterized by an annual mean precipitation of less than 200 mm. The model was used to examine the influence of topography, extreme rainstorm intensity and soil texture on soil loss. The data used for model validation were obtained from field measurements by monitoring deposited sediment in settlement basins of 25 cisterns (a traditional water harvesting and storage technique) over 4 years, from 2015 to 2018. Results showed that slope is the most controlling factor of soil loss. The average annual soil loss in monitoring sites varies between 0.01 and 12.5 t/ha/y. The storm events inducing the largest soil losses occurred in the upstream part of the Koutine catchment with a maximum value of 7.3 t/ha per event. Soil erosion is highly affected by initial and preceding soil conditions. The RUSLE model reasonably reproduced (R2 = 0.81) the spatiotemporal variability of measured soil losses in the study catchment during the observation period. This study revealed the importance of using the cisterns in the data-scarce dry areas as a substitute for the classic soil erosion monitoring fields. Besides, combining modeling of outputs and field measurements could improve our physical understanding of soil erosion processes and their controlling factors in an arid catchment. The study results are beneficial for decision-makers to evaluate the existing soil conservation and water management plans, which can be further adjusted using appropriate soil erosion mitigation options based on scientific evidence.

Capturing Effects of Maintenance Practices in Highway Asset Valuation: Replacement-Cost Approach Versus Book-Value Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 1824 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poovadol Sirirangsi ◽  
Adjo Amekudzi ◽  
Pannapa Herabat
Keyword(s):  
Pavement Management ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Replacement Cost ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
The Impact

The replacement-cost approach and the book-value method as decision support tools for selecting maintenance alternatives under budget constraints and for capturing the effects of maintenance practices on highway asset value are investigated. By using a case study based on the Thailand Pavement Management System, the replacement-cost approach and the book-value method are applied to analyze maintenance alternatives for selected highways. The versatility of these asset-valuation methods is explored for capturing trade-offs in the type and timing of maintenance and for incorporating the added value of effective maintenance practices and the impact of deferred maintenance in the overall asset value. The study demonstrated that the replacement-cost approach is a more versatile tool for considering the maintenance-related value of highways in maintenance decision making, whereas the book value may be a simpler financial accounting tool. The two approaches may be used together to clarify how maintenance expenditures are being translated into facility replacement value or how the overall value of the infrastructure is being preserved. The study results are potentially useful to agencies interested in capturing the added value of effective maintenance practices in the overall value of their asset base.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Functional Food Regulations in Japan and Globally

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farid ◽  
Kota Kodama ◽  
Teruyo Arato ◽  
Takashi Okazaki ◽  
Tetsuaki Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Food Regulations

Since its inception in Japan, functional food has continued to deliver a true added value to a wide spectrum of customers, especially in aging subpopulations. Japanese companies have strong "R&D" capabilities and strong know-how in the field of functional foods. They have the opportunity to grow overseas by promoting and marketing their products. The main challenge is to understand the foreign markets and their regulations to be able to promote Japanese products overseas. To achieve this goal, the study reports a scientific review of the relevant literature and official legislative reports published by the authorized entities in several countries to create a comparison between the rules and regulations in different countries such as China, the European Union, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. The study results provide suggestions for entry strategies to recommended foreign markets based on regulatory situations. The study also provides a comparison for the different functional food regulations in Japan (FOSHU, FNFC, FFC), along with an introduction for the new local government certification system.

scholarly journals The Grounded Theory Perspective: Human Resource’s Characteristics In Supporting Risk-Based Management Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviani Widyastuti ◽  
Mudrifah Mudrifah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Grounded Theory Research ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
The Right

This study aims to develop employee organizations' role in implementing risk management in public sector organizations. This study's character uses several indicators, including values, attitudes, interests, and religion. The research was conducted at public sector organizations in the non-profit category, Infaq Amal Zakat and Shodaqoh Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU) in Malang City. The research method used is grounded theory research with a qualitative approach, in which data research uses structured and open interview techniques. The collected data will be analyzed using grounded theory analysis techniques. The study results found several factors, as seen from their abilities, values, attitudes, interests, and religiosity, in supporting the implementation of risk management in Malang. These characteristics include working with time, the right placement of human resources, mastery of job descriptions, information, ability, and transfer of knowledge, in terms of values, including cooperation, responsibility, democracy, solidarity, humanity, honesty, order, and discipline. In terms of attitude, including being wise, with integrity, cooperative, open, and selective. In terms of interest, it is shown by being participatory, actualizing, and proactive.Meanwhile, in terms of religiosity, it includes the mandate to carry out duties, desire in preaching, and personal needs to fill charity activities with full volunteerism. 

The verification of effective leadership style for TQM

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Sik Cho ◽  
Joo Y. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to verify the universal applicability of total quality management (TQM) across national boundaries. Specifically, the authors examined the validity of the isomorphic nature of TQM leadership style by comparing survey samples from both USA-based firms (n=112) and China-based firms (n=121). Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected the primary data through a survey research method. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were adopted to test the hypothesized research model. Findings – The study results did not support the universality of TQM practices. For example, the results reveal that in the USA-based firms, transformational leadership has a more significant positive influence on TQM practices, while in the China-based firms, transactional leadership has a more significant positive impact on TQM practices. Originality/value – Most of the existing literature on TQM assumed that the most effective TQM leadership style would be universal across organizational or international boundaries. However, our findings imply that the effective leadership style for successful implementation of TQM practices could be contingent on the cultural background embedded within the firms. Therefore, the authors anticipate the findings of the study will guide future research on TQM and create a new path to find solutions not only for optimizing the successful implementation of TQM, but also for minimizing the current high level of TQM failures.

Game Mechanics as Thinking Mechanisms for Urban Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-251
Author(s):  
Teodora Constantinescu ◽  
Oswald Devisch ◽  
Georgi Kostov
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

We witness a growing interest from urban designers in technology to understand cities as complex systems. However, more than often, the use of such technologies is a one-way knowledge generation, meaning that the urban designer is the one benefiting the most. Serious games have the ability to create concepts that lead to a better understanding of the issues that arise in urban development, improving society's implication in the process. This chapter addresses the potential of serious game mechanics to produce mutual transfer of knowledge and solutions able to enhance urban development strategies. Serious games can be one possible answer to motivate citizens and create social awareness and appropriation. Discussing the City Makers game prototype, authors underline the advantages of game mechanics as thinking mechanisms in improving urban development dynamics.

scholarly journals Factors behind trade credit financing of SMEs in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Sandra Pepur ◽  
Dujam Kovač ◽  
Marijana Ćurak
Keyword(s):  
Trade Credit ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
External Financing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East European ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Credit Financing ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute to the national economy in terms of employment, added value, knowledge generation, and innovation. However, their potential and in the case of economic downturns even their survival is affected by the difficulties in their access to external financing under acceptable terms and adequate timing and amount. In the case of asymmetric information problems, which make SMEs more sensitive to financial market imperfections, trade credit can be a valuable source of financing. In the European Union, trade credit is among the most relevant external funding sources and it is among the most important alternatives to financial intermediaries’ financing. However, there are substantial differences between the countries with respect to availability and use of trade credit. Therefore, this research examines determining (company-specific and country-specific) factors behind the use of trade credit as a financing source in Croatia. The empirical analysis is based on the data for 1,225 SMEs operating in Croatia in the period from 2008 to 2017 and is done using the panel data methodology. The findings confirm that firms’ characteristics, as well as the characteristics of financial, macroeconomic and legal environment in which the firms operate, influence the use of trade credit in SMEs in Croatia. The paper contributes to relatively scarce empirical evidence on the determinants of trade credit use by SMEs in South-East European countries.

The relationship between cost leadership competitive strategy and firm performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjeet Kharub ◽  
Rahul S. Mor ◽  
Rajiv Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the cost leadership competitive strategy’s (CLCS) impact on firm performances and the mediating role of quality management (QM) practices in the context of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Design/methodology/approach A structures questionnaire data collected from 245 ISO 9000 certified MSMEs in India (65.1 per cent of response rate) have been utilised to understand the CLCS’s impact on firm performances. In the first step, the data adequacy tests were performed to check the reliability and validity of the questionnaire and survey data. After that, the partial mediating model (direct, indirect and total effect) along with structural equation modelling approach was employed to test the research hypotheses. Findings The study results revealed that no direct relationship exists between the CLCS and firm performances (0.12<β<0.13; p>0.05); however, QM practices entirely mediated their relationship (β=0.73, p<0.01). Among eight model parameters, with highest total effects on product quality improvement (β=0.6264) and process improvement (β=0.6028), the continuous improvement secured the rank 1, followed by information and analysis (β=0.2334) and supplier management (0.1839), respectively, at p<0.05. Based on the empirical results, it can be concluded that the continuous improvement via proper information and data analysis is the key to achieve CLCS’s goal in the MSMEs. Research limitations/implications The study results’ generalisation towards the large organisations is limited. The survey result findings applicability to other developing countries should also be treated with caution because the Indian Government subsidised the MSMEs selected for this study. The study results will help managers in implementing CLCS at the organisational level. The successful implementation will facilitate a competitive advantage in the local market and will motivate them to think globally. Originality/value The research observation and findings are expected to contribute to the strategic management in manufacturing industries. The study also confirms the existence of strategic management in MSMEs in a developing country. Furthermore, the major contribution is to understand the mediating role of QM practices, especially continuous improvement effect on the relationship between CLCS and firm performances in a developing country. The results indicated that the CLCS is only possible when the managers in the manufacturing sectors emphasis on the QM practices in their firms.

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