scholarly journals SARS-COV-2 colonizes coronary thrombus and impairs heart microcirculation bed in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects with acute myocardial infarction

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Marfella ◽  
Pasquale Paolisso ◽  
Celestino Sardu ◽  
Luciana Palomba ◽  
Nunzia D’Onofrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Secondary Endpoints

Abstract Background The viral load of asymptomatic SAR-COV-2 positive (ASAP) persons has been equal to that of symptomatic patients. On the other hand, there are no reports of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) outcomes in ASAP patients. Therefore, we evaluated thrombus burden and thrombus viral load and their impact on microvascular bed perfusion in the infarct area (myocardial blush grade, MBG) in ASAP compared to SARS-COV-2 negative (SANE) STEMI patients. Methods This was an observational study of 46 ASAP, and 130 SANE patients admitted with confirmed STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombus aspiration. The primary endpoints were thrombus dimension + thrombus viral load effects on MBG after PPCI. The secondary endpoints during hospitalization were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). MACEs are defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal acute AMI, and heart failure during hospitalization. Results In the study population, ASAP vs. SANE showed a significant greater use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors and of heparin (p < 0.05), and a higher thrombus grade 5 and thrombus dimensions (p < 0.05). Interestingly, ASAP vs. SANE patients had lower MBG and left ventricular function (p < 0.001), and 39 (84.9%) of ASAP patients had thrombus specimens positive for SARS-COV-2. After PPCI, a MBG 2–3 was present in only 26.1% of ASAP vs. 97.7% of SANE STEMI patients (p < 0.001). Notably, death and nonfatal AMI were higher in ASAP vs. SANE patients (p < 0.05). Finally, in ASAP STEMI patients the thrombus viral load was a significant determinant of thrombus dimension independently of risk factors (p < 0.005). Thus, multiple logistic regression analyses evidenced that thrombus SARS-CoV-2 infection and dimension were significant predictors of poorer MBG in STEMI patients. Intriguingly, in ASAP patients the female vs. male had higher thrombus viral load (15.53 ± 4.5 vs. 30.25 ± 5.51 CT; p < 0.001), and thrombus dimension (4.62 ± 0.44 vs 4.00 ± 1.28 mm2; p < 0.001). ASAP vs. SANE patients had a significantly lower in-hospital survival for MACE following PPCI (p < 0.001). Conclusions In ASAP patients presenting with STEMI, there is strong evidence towards higher thrombus viral load, dimension, and poorer MBG. These data support the need to reconsider ASAP status as a risk factor that may worsen STEMI outcomes.

scholarly journals SARS-COV-2 Colonizes Coronary Thrombus and Impairs Heart Microcirculation Bed in Asymptomatic Positive Subjects with Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
raffaele marfella ◽  
Pasquale Paolisso ◽  
Celestino Sardu ◽  
Luciana Palomba ◽  
Nunzia D'Onofrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Secondary Endpoints

Abstract Background. The viral load of asymptomatic SAR-COV-2 positive (ASAP) persons have been equal to that of symptomatic patients, suggesting a similar risk for endothelial dysfunction and increased coagulation in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. To date, there are no reports of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) outcomes in ASAP patients. We evaluated thrombus burden and thrombus viral load and their impact on microvascular bed perfusion in the infarct area (myocardial lush grade, MBG) in ASAP compared to SARS-COV-2 negative (SANE) STEMI patients. Methods. This was an observational study of 46 ASAP, and 130 SANE patients admitted with confirmed STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombus aspiration. The primary endpoints were thrombus dimension + thrombus viral load effects on MBG after PPCI. The secondary endpoints during hospitalization were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). MACEs are defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal acute AMI, and heart failure during hospitalization.Results. Thrombus dimensions were significantly higher in ASAP patients as compared to SANE patients. Interestingly, 39 (84.9%) of ASAP patients also had thrombus specimens positive for SARS-COV-2. In ASAP STEMI patients (n=46), thrombus viral load was a significant determinant of thrombus dimension independently of risk factors (p<0.005). MBG and left ventricular function were significantly lower in ASAP STEMI patients (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses evidenced that thrombus SARS-CoV-2 infection and dimension were significant predictors of poorer MBG in STEMI patients. Conclusions. In ASAP patients presenting with STEMI, there is strong evidence towards higher thrombus viral load, dimension, and poorer MBG. These data support the need to reconsider ASAP status as a risk factor that may worsen STEMI outcomes.

scholarly journals Optimized Treatment of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Niccoli ◽  
Rocco A. Montone ◽  
Borja Ibanez ◽  
Holger Thiele ◽  
Filippo Crea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is nowadays the preferred reperfusion strategy for patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, aiming at restoring epicardial infarct-related artery patency and achieving microvascular reperfusion as early as possible, thus limiting the extent of irreversibly injured myocardium. Yet, in a sizeable proportion of patients, primary percutaneous coronary intervention does not achieve effective myocardial reperfusion due to the occurrence of coronary microvascular obstruction (MVO). The amount of infarcted myocardium, the so-called infarct size, has long been known to be an independent predictor for major adverse cardiovascular events and adverse left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Previous cardioprotection studies were mainly aimed at protecting cardiomyocytes and reducing infarct size. However, several clinical and preclinical studies have reported that the presence and extent of MVO represent another important independent predictor of adverse left ventricular remodeling, and recent evidences support the notion that MVO may be more predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events than infarct size itself. Although timely and complete reperfusion is the most effective way of limiting myocardial injury and subsequent ventricular remodeling, the translation of effective therapeutic strategies into improved clinical outcomes has been largely disappointing. Of importance, despite the presence of a large number of studies focused on infarct size, only few cardioprotection studies addressed MVO as a therapeutic target. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of MVO including underlying causes, diagnostic techniques, and current therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the hypothesis that simultaneously addressing infarct size and MVO may help to translate cardioprotective strategies into improved clinical outcome following ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Sirolimus-Eluting Balloon for the Treatment of Coronary Lesions in Complex ACS Patients: The SELFIE Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gianluca Caiazzo ◽  
Mario De Michele ◽  
Luca Golino ◽  
Vincenzo Manganiello ◽  
Luciano Fattore
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Lesions

Background. Sirolimus-coated balloons (SCBs) represent a novel therapeutic option for both in-stent restenosis (ISR) and de novo coronary lesions treatment, especially in small vessels. Our registry sought to evaluate the procedural and clinical outcomes of such devices in a complex acute coronary syndrome (ACS) clinical setting. Methods and Results. We treated 74 consecutive patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with at least 1 SCB used for ISR and/or de novo coronary lesion in small vessels at our institution. Sixty-two patients presented with ACS, and their data were included in our analysis. The mean age was 67 ± 10 years, and patients presenting with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) were 14 (23%). De novo lesions were 52%, whereas ISR was 48%. Procedural success occurred in 100% of the cases. At the 11 ± 7 months follow-up, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were 3 (4.8%). Cardiovascular death (CD) occurred in 1 (1.6%) patient and myocardial infarction (MI) in 2 patients (3.2%) as well as ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). One probable subacute thrombosis occurred (1.6%) with no major bleedings. In a subgroup analysis, the incidence of MACE did not show significant differences between patients treated for de novo lesions and ISR (HR: 0.239; CI 95%: 0.003–16.761, p = 0.509 ). Conclusions. In the SELFIE prospective registry, SCB showed a good safety and efficacy profile for the treatment of coronary lesions, both ISR and/or de novo in small vessels, in a complex ACS population of patients at the 11 ± 7 months follow-up.

scholarly journals Transition Towards Transradial Approach Improves Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction PCI

PRILOZI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Oliver Kalpak ◽  
Donco Donev ◽  
Hristo Pejkov ◽  
Slobodan Antov ◽  
Gjorgji Kalpak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
One Year

Abstract Introduction and aim: Transradial (TRA) instead of transfemoral (TFA) approach strategy has been presented in research literature as superior access strategy especially for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is a paucity of registry-based data of outcomes from default TRA strategy compared to TFA. Materials and methods: All-comers STEMI PCI institutional Registry identified 1808 consecutive patients in time-frame of 40 months from 2007 to 2010, without making any exclusions. Moreover, we applied Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to replace randomization, address the potential confounding and selection bias. PSM derived 565 congruent pairs of patients from the groups. Results: After 30 days the primary composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was in favor of TRA 6.5% vs. 12.4% in TFA group, simultaneously secondary endpoints of death in TRA with rate of 4.8% and with rate of 10.1% in TFA. Moreover, the rate of major access related bleeding was 1.1% in TRA vs. 8.5% in TFA, in contrast the major non-access related bleeding was 1.8% and 2.4% respectively showed no significant difference. One year Kaplan Meier survival plots were in favor of TRA. Conclusions: Default transradial access strategy is associated with improved STEMI PCI outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Left Ventricular Function in Asian Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Wang ◽  
Ching-Wen Chien ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Tao-Hsin Tung
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

(1) Background: The effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are important but poorly understood. (2) Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an exercise-based CR program (exercise training alone or combined with psychosocial or educational interventions) compared with usual care on left ventricular function in patients with AMI receiving PCI. (3) Data sources, study selection and data extraction: We searched PubMed, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, EBSCO, PsycINFO, LILACS and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases (CENTRAL) up to 12th June 2021. Article selected were randomized controlled trials and published as a full-text article. Meta-analysis was conducted with the use of the software Review manager 5.4. (4) Data synthesis: Eight trials were included in the meta-analysis, of which three trials were rated as high risk of bias. A significant improvement was seen in the exercise-based CR group compared with the control group regarding left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (std. mean difference = 1.33; 95% CI:0.43 to 2.23; p = 0.004), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (std. mean difference = −3.05; 95% CI: −6.00 to −0.09; p = 0.04) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) (std. mean difference = −0.40; 95% CI: −0.80 to −0.01; p = 0.04). Although exercise-based CR had no statistical effect in decreasing left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), it showed a favorable trend in relation to both. (5) Conclusions: Exercise-based CR has beneficial effects on LV function and remodeling in AMI patients treated by PCI.

scholarly journals Contrast Volume/Raw eGFR Ratio for Predicting Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Myocardial Infarction

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Suk Park ◽  
Chan Joon Kim ◽  
Jeong-Eun Yi ◽  
Byung-Hee Hwang ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Contrast Volume ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

Background: Considering that contrast medium is excreted through the whole kidney in a similar manner to drug excretion, the use of raw estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) rather than body surface area (BSA)-normalized eGFR is thought to be more appropriate for evaluating the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Methods: This study included 2,189 myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors. We used receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare the ratios of contrast volume (CV) to eGFR with and without BSA normalization in predicting CI-AKI. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve for the model including all the significant variables such as diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction, preprocedural glucose, and the CV/raw modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) eGFR ratio was 0.768 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.720-0.816; p < 0.001]. When the CV/raw MDRD eGFR ratio was used as a single risk value, the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.650 (95% CI, 0.590-0.711; p < 0.001). When the CV/MDRD eGFR ratio with BSA normalization ratio was used, the AUC of the ROC curve further decreased to 0.635 (95% CI, 0.574-0.696; p < 0.001). The difference between the two AUCs was significant (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Raw eGFR is a better predictor for CI-AKI than BSA-normalized eGFR.

Abstract 2838: Sequential Changes of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Synchronicity in Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction after Primary Coronary Intervention

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Mi Park ◽  
Yong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Soon-Jun Hong ◽  
Do-Sun Lim ◽  
Wan-Joo Shim
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Wall Motion ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Regional Wall Motion ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Regional Wall ◽  
St Elevation

The aims of this study were to assess the sequential changes of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic synchronicity in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to assess their relation with LV recovery and remodeling. Forty-patients with acute ST-elevation MI were examined within 2days, 6weeks and 6months after primary coronary intervention. Fifteen-age matched subjects were enrolled for normal control. The time from the onset of QRS complex to peak systolic velocity (Ts) and to peak early diastolic velocity (Te) were measured on color-coded tissue Doppler imaging. To assess LV synchronicity, SDs of Ts (Ts-SD) and Te (Te-SD) of all 12 segments were calculated (within 2days, at 6weeks and 6months; SD1, SD2 and SD3, respectively). LV recovery was defined as the improvement of wall motion at least more than two segments at 6 weeks. In all AMI patients, the wall motion score index was 1.72±0.27 and LV ejection fraction was 45.9±9.9%. The Ts-SD1 was higher in AMI patients than in controls (45.4±13.5 vs 29.4±13.3ms, p<0.05), but Te-SD1 was not different (18.7±6.9 vs 16.2±10.0). Twenty-two patients (group1) showed a recovery and 18 patients (group2) showed no recovery. The Ts-SD1 was smaller in group1 than in group2 (43.4±12.6 vs 47.9±11.7 ms, p<0.05). In group1, Ts-SD were much decreased as follow up (Ts-SD2, 3; 36.6±14.0 and 31.1±9.5, respectively, p<0.05). In contrast, in group2, Ts-SD was not significantly changed (Ts-SD2,3; 46.7±13.2 and 43.7±8.8, respectively) but Te-SD was increased as follow up (Te-SD1,2,3; 17.8±5.5, 20.4±4.3 and 25.0±3.8, respectively, p<0.05). The LV end-diastolic and systolic volume were increased and the deceleration time of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity was shortened in group2 (p<0.05). This clinical study shows: 1) in acute phase, the regional wall motion abnormalities of AMI had an impact on LV systolic synchronicity; 2) the AMI patients with LV recovery showed better LV systolic synchronicity; 3) the LV systolic synchronicity became better as regional wall motion was improved; and 4) in chronic phase, the LV diastolic synchronicity became worse in AMI patients with no recovery, which might be related to LV remodeling and worsening of LV diastolic function.

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