scholarly journals Risk of epilepsy in opposite-sex and same-sex twins: a twin cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Mao ◽  
Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Chunsen Wu ◽  
Jakob Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex

scholarly journals Suicide among persons who entered same-sex and opposite-sex marriage in Denmark and Sweden, 1989–2016: a binational, register-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Erlangsen ◽  
Sven Drefahl ◽  
Ann Haas ◽  
Charlotte Bjorkenstam ◽  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundPeople belonging to sexual minority groups have higher levels of suicidality than heterosexuals. However, findings regarding suicide death are sparse. Using unique national data from two countries, we investigated whether individuals entering a same-sex marriage (SSM), a proxy group of sexual minority individuals, had higher suicide rates than those entering opposite-sex marriage (OSM).MethodsA cohort study of all males and females who entered an SSM (n=28 649) or OSM (n=3 918 617) in Denmark and Sweden during 1989–2016 was conducted. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for suicide were calculated using adjusted Poisson regression models.ResultsIn total, 97 suicides occurred among individuals who had entered an SSM compared with 6074 among those who entered an OSM, corresponding to an adjusted IRR of 2.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.8). For people who entered SSM, a 46% decline was noted over time from an IRR of 2.8 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.0) during 1989–2002 to 1.5 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.9) during 2003–2016. The excess suicide mortality was present in all age groups but most pronounced among younger individuals aged 18–34 years of age (IRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.8) and females (IRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.9).ConclusionThis large register-based study found higher suicide rates among individuals who entered an SSM, compared with those who entered an OSM. A lower suicide rate was noted for individuals in SSMs in recent years. More research is needed to identify the unique suicide risk and protective factors for sexual minority people.

scholarly journals Early-life mortality risks in opposite-sex and same-sex twins: a Danish cohort study of the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen ◽  
Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen ◽  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
Jacob v.B. Hjelmborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Danish Cohort

scholarly journals Academic performance of opposite-sex and same-sex twins in adolescence: A Danish national cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Inge Petersen ◽  
Wendy Johnson ◽  
Kaare Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Opposite Sex

scholarly journals Risk of Sex-Specific Cancers in Opposite-Sex and Same-Sex Twins in Denmark and Sweden

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1622-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
Sören Möller ◽  
Kamila Czene ◽  
Hans-Olov Adami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Same Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex

Adults' Perceptions of Children's Independence and other Sex-Role Characteristics as a Function of Child's Gender Label

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Bell ◽  
Kay Hibbs ◽  
Thomas Milholland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

An Argument for the Continued Validity of Woman-to-Woman Marriages in Post-2010 Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-328
Author(s):  
Monicah Kareithi ◽  
Frans Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Right

AbstractWoman-to-woman marriage is a form of customary marriage between two women, predominantly found in Africa. These customary marriages have been and to some extent still are conducted by various communities across Africa, including in Kenya. Communities such as the Kamba, Kisii, Nandi, Kikuyu and Kuria practise woman-to-woman marriages for a variety of reasons. The legal status of woman-to-woman marriages in Kenya is uncertain due to the provisions of article 45(2) of Kenya's Constitution of 2010 and section 3(1) of the Marriage Act of 2014, which stipulate that adults only have the right to marry persons of the opposite sex. However, a holistic and purposive reading of the constitution, taking into consideration its recognition of culture and the protection of children as important values in Kenyan society, and considering the historical context within which the provisions concerning same-sex marriages were included, leads to the conclusion that these provisions were not intended to proscribe the cultural practice of woman-to-woman marriage in Kenya. The constitutional validity of woman-to-woman marriage opens the door to a more expansive and fluid understanding of “family” in Kenya.

scholarly journals Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships predict survival in wild female baboons

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1793) ◽  
pp. 20141261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Archie ◽  
Jenny Tung ◽  
Michael Clark ◽  
Jeanne Altmann ◽  
Susan C. Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Socially Isolated

Social integration and support can have profound effects on human survival. The extent of this phenomenon in non-human animals is largely unknown, but such knowledge is important to understanding the evolution of both lifespan and sociality. Here, we report evidence that levels of affiliative social behaviour (i.e. ‘social connectedness’) with both same-sex and opposite-sex conspecifics predict adult survival in wild female baboons. In the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya, adult female baboons that were socially connected to either adult males or adult females lived longer than females who were socially isolated from both sexes—females with strong connectedness to individuals of both sexes lived the longest. Female social connectedness to males was predicted by high dominance rank, indicating that males are a limited resource for females, and females compete for access to male social partners. To date, only a handful of animal studies have found that social relationships may affect survival. This study extends those findings by examining relationships to both sexes in by far the largest dataset yet examined for any animal. Our results support the idea that social effects on survival are evolutionarily conserved in social mammals.

Being Opposite: Is There Advantage for Social Competence and Friendships in Being an Opposite-Sex Twin?

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sioban Laffey-Ardley ◽  
Karen Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Competency ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Adolescent Twins ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractArecent large-scale study of Finnish adolescent twins (Pulkkinen et al., 2003) reported that individuals from opposite-sex twin pairs were more socially adaptive than individuals from same-sex pairs or singletons. This finding raised questions about the social learning effects of being an opposite-sex twin. The current article predicted on the basis of this finding, and evidence from singleton populations, that having an opposite-sex twin would yield social advantage. It sought to examine the social competencies of opposite-sex twins and compare them with same-sex twins and singletons. The study focused on the preschool years (age 3 to 6), a period in which the majority of children encounter their first large group, nonfamilial social experiences. The study obtained reports from parents and teachers of children aged 3 to 6 years: 72 children (36 pairs) who were dizygotic opposite-sex twins (DZOS), 50 children (25 pairs) who were dizygotic same-sex twins (DZSS), and 85 singletons of the same age and sex as the twins, who had at least one sibling. Reports were made using standardized measures of social competencies, behavior problems, language development and friendships. The main effects found were of differences in social competency between twins and singletons. Twins had lower social competency scores. No differences between same-sex and opposite-sex twins were found. The findings did not support the hypothesis of social advantage for opposite-sex twins in early childhood.

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