Adults' Perceptions of Children's Independence and other Sex-Role Characteristics as a Function of Child's Gender Label

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Bell ◽  
Kay Hibbs ◽  
Thomas Milholland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

Draw-a-Person Protocols of Male and Female College Students

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Soccolich ◽  
Boleslaw A. Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

A purely male vs female differentiation of D-A-P test variables was attempted for 50 male and 50 female college students or graduates of 3 yr. or less. Analysis of sex and aggression variables revealed much emphasis and conflict in these areas in the drawings of both males and females. Sexual conflict was almost always expressed in the drawings of the opposite sex alone. A generalized psychosexual immaturity was demonstrated in the drawings of male Ss. Female Ss seemed to exhibit conflict over masculine orientation and ‘role’ inversion in their drawings. In addition, a strong tendency toward ‘evasion,’ a wish to ‘not see’ or ‘perceive vaguely,’ was heavily evidenced in the drawings of both male and, to a lesser extent, female Ss.

Use of Animal and opposite Drawings in Assessment of Gender Identity of Young Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-993
Author(s):  
Michael Fleming ◽  
Deborah Cohen ◽  
Patricia Salt
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Drawing Technique

The results of an analysis of responses to the Animal and Opposite Drawing Technique are presented for 134 male and female college students matched on age and education. The majority of both men and women drew same-sexed animals first, and just over half drew second animals which they identified as being of the opposite sex of their first drawings. Implications for the use of this technique to assess an individual's gender identity and other prominent concerns are discussed.

Man and Woman: Social Schemata of Males and Females

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Kuethe ◽  
George Stricker
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Males And Females

Male and female college students placed human figures cut from felt on a felt field. Ss were free to arrange the figures in any manner. Both male and female Ss used the same generic social schemata; human figures were kept together, male figures were placed with female figures, and figures were rarely paired with same-sex figures. Differences between the male and female Ss included the tendency of the female Ss to form male-female pairings separated away from other figures. The use of aggressive schemata was studied as were preferences for non-social orderings.

Biased Attitudes toward Females as Indicated by Ratings of Intelligence and Likeability

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1315-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina C. Lao ◽  
Wilhelmina H. Upchurch ◽  
Betty J. Corwin ◽  
William F. Grossnickle
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Role Players

This study was designed to unveil some unconscious negative stereotyped views toward females shared by male and female college students. It was hypothesized that generally males will be judged as being more intelligent and likeable than females. Furthermore, females acting in an inappropriate sex-role manner, such as being high assertive, will be evaluated as even less intelligent and likeable than males. A total of 643 undergraduates viewed video tapes in which two males and two females in turn played high, medium, and low assertive roles. Pretesting was used to assure that the role players' physical attractiveness had been equated and levels of assertiveness had been effectively manipulated. After viewing the tapes subjects rated the role players on intelligence and likeability. Results supported the hypotheses, suggesting that unfavorable attitudes toward females do exist.

Ego Identity and Perception of Parents among Female College Students

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1201-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Jay Kendis ◽  
Allen L. Tan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Female College ◽  
Identity Achievement ◽  
The Relationship

Based on Erikson's theory of ego development, this study investigated the relationship between ego identity achievement among female college students and their feelings toward and perceptions of their parents. The analysis showed that identity achievers viewed their mothers rather negatively and their fathers somewhat more positively, suggesting that contemporary female college students may find it necessary to break “same-sex identification” bonds in order to learn the appropriate female sex role.

Medical Students' Edwards Personal Preference Schedule Norms

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Thorson ◽  
F. C. Powell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

Three consecutive classes of freshman medical students completed the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule; results were compared to published norms for male and female college students. 171 male medical students scored significantly lower on the traits of Order, Exhibition, and Dominance and were higher on Affiliation, Succorance, Nurturance, and Heterosexuality. 51 female medical students scored significantly lower on the traits of Exhibition, Affiliation, and Abasement; they were higher on Achievement, Succorance, and Nurturance.

Body-Image Dissatisfaction among American Male and Female College Students: A Computer-Based Graphical Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Gustavson ◽  
Carl R. Gustavson ◽  
Monica P. Gabaldon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
State Colleges ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Graphical Approach ◽  
Female College ◽  
Computer Based

College students (56 women and 43 men) attending state colleges in the southwestern United States were tested for body-image dissatisfaction using a computer-based graphical body-image task. A reliable relationship between desired stature and desired body-image was observed for the women. Women of large stature showed a greater discrepancy between verbally reported desired stature and redrawn images of desired stature than women of average or smaller than average stature. No reliable discrepancy between desired body-image and verbally reported desired stature was shown by the men.

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