scholarly journals Advancing child health and educational equity during the COVID-19 pandemic through science and advocacy

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Gur-Arie ◽  
Sara Johnson ◽  
Megan Collins
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Academic Activism ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Changing Role

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the changing role of scientists, clinicians, ethicists, and educators in advocacy as they rapidly translate their findings to inform practice and policy. Critical efforts have been directed towards understanding child well-being, especially with pandemic-related educational disruptions. While school closures were part of early widespread public health measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, they have not been without consequences for all children, and especially for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. In a recent Isr J Health Policy Res perspective, Paltiel and colleagues demonstrate the integral role of academic activism to promote child well-being during the pandemic by highlighting work of the multidisciplinary academic group on children and coronavirus (MACC). In this commentary, we explore parallels to MACC’s work in an international context by describing the efforts of a multidisciplinary team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, to aggregate data, conduct analyses, and offer training tools intended to minimize health and educational inequities for children throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As both MACC and our work collectively demonstrates, multidisciplinary partnerships and public-facing data-driven initiatives are crucial to advocating for children's equitable access to quality health and education. This will likely not be the last pandemic that children experience in their lifetime. As such, efforts should be made to apply the lessons learned during the current pandemic to strengthen multidisciplinary academic-public partnerships which will continue to play a critical role in the future.

Bridging the Gap between Ethical Climate and Nurses’ Service Behaviors: the Critical Role of Professional Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Xing Bu ◽  
Zhenxing Gong ◽  
Gilal Faheem Gul
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being

Discrepancy Regarding Self, Family, and Country and Well-Being: The Critical Role of Self and Cultural Orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2189-2209
Author(s):  
Yuri Kwon ◽  
Eunsoo Choi ◽  
Jongan Choi ◽  
Incheol Choi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Orientation

scholarly journals Dealing With the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Portugal: On the Important Role of Positivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Coping Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Ferreira ◽  
Rui Sofia ◽  
David F. Carreno ◽  
Nikolett Eisenbeck ◽  
Inês Jongenelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
And Coping

The global COVID-19 pandemic crisis has caused an unprecedented impact on most areas of people’s lives. Thus, framed within the scope of Existential Positive Psychology (PP2.0), this study aimed at assessing the psychological distress of adults living in Portugal during the first national lockdown, how they are coping with stress, as well to contribute to a deeper understanding about the role that positivity, experiential avoidance, and coping strategies have in psychological distress and well-being. For this purpose, 586 Portuguese adults (73% females) ranging between 18 and 78 years old (M = 38.96, SD = 12.20) completed an online survey during the initial phase of the pandemic crisis in Portugal. Findings suggest that experiential avoidance was the strongest predictor of a negative response (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and negative emotions), whereas positivity was a better predictor of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression. Additionally, self-blame, behavioral disengagement, and emotional venting were strong risk factors for psychological distress, whereas positive reframing, planning, and acceptance were associated with more positive outcomes. These findings highlight the critical role of experiential avoidance on individuals’ psychological distress and the essential contribution of positive life orientation in promoting flourishing. By offering a better understanding of the complex navigation through the dialectics between positive and negative life features, this study provides important and useful cues for psychological interventions directed at promoting a more positive and adaptive human functioning even through such potential adverse and painful life events.

The Key Role of Judges in the Development of Private International Law: Lessons Learned from the Work of the Hague Conference on Private International Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
Ignacio Goicoechea ◽  
Hans van Loon
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Changing Role

The article discusses the role of judges in the development of private international law (PIL). It highlights the changing role of judges in the context of contemporary globalization, and argues that as a result of the expansion of their international duties, judges, in a way that is analogous to the working cycle of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, also have a role in identifying legal issues that must be addressed by PIL, developing tools to address those issues, ensuring the implementation and operation of these tools, and assessing their effectiveness. The article also highlights the contribution of judges to the development of Hague Conventions, and describes the very important role of Latin American judges in the development of special devices to promote the implementation, operation and assessment of the 1980 Hague Child Abduction Convention in Latin America.

scholarly journals Chronic Pain and Chronic Stress: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247054701770476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadi G Abdallah ◽  
Paul Geha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being

Pain and stress share significant conceptual and physiological overlaps. Both phenomena challenge the body’s homeostasis and necessitate decision-making to help animals adapt to their environment. In addition, chronic stress and chronic pain share a common behavioral model of failure to extinguish negative memories. Yet, they also have discrepancies such that the final brain endophenotype of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and chronic pain appears to be different among the three conditions, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis remains unclear in the physiology of pain. Persistence of either stress or pain is maladaptive and could lead to compromised well-being. In this brief review, we highlight the commonalities and differences between chronic stress and chronic pain, while focusing particularly on the central role of the limbic brain. We assess the current attempts in the field to conceptualize and understand chronic pain, within the context of knowledge gained from the stress literature. The limbic brain—including hippocampus, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex—plays a critical role in learning. These brain areas integrate incoming nociceptive or stress signals with internal state, and generate learning signals necessary for decision-making. Therefore, the physiological and structural remodeling of this learning circuitry is observed in conditions such as chronic pain, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, and is also linked to the risk of onset of these conditions.

scholarly journals Urban nature as a source of resilience during social distancing amidst the coronavirus pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Samuelsson ◽  
Stephan Barthel ◽  
Johan Colding ◽  
Gloria Macassa ◽  
Matteo Giusti
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Urban Nature ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic caused countries across the world to implement measures of social distancing to curb spreading of COVID-19. The large and sudden disruptions to everyday life that result from this are likely to impact well-being, particularly among urban populations that live in dense settings with limited public space. In this paper, we argue that during these extraordinary circumstances, urban nature offers resilience for maintaining well-being in urban populations, while enabling social distancing. We discuss more generally the critical role of urban nature in times of crisis. Cities around the world need to take the step into the 21st century by accepting crises as a new reality and finding ways to function during these disturbances. Thus, maintaining or increasing space for nature in cities and keeping it accessible to the public should be part of the sustainability agenda, aiming simultaneously to strive towards SDG 3 (good health and well-being), and SDG 11 (sustainable and resilient cities).

scholarly journals Abusive supervision, occupational well-being and job performance: The critical role of attention–awareness mindfulness

2021 ◽  
pp. 031289622110377
Author(s):  
Dirk De Clercq ◽  
Sadia Jahanzeb ◽  
Tasneem Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Health Related

Drawing from the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, this study sets out to investigate two complementary mechanisms that underpin the connection between employees’ exposure to abusive supervision and diminished job performance – one that is health-related (higher emotional exhaustion) and another that is motivation-related (lower work engagement). It also examines how this harmful process might be contained by employees’ mindfulness, particularly as manifest in its attention–awareness component. Data collected across three points in time among employees and supervisors in different organizations show that the motivation-based mechanism is more prominent than its health-impairment counterpart in connecting abusive supervision with lower job performance. The results also reveal a buffering effect of employees’ mindfulness on their responses to abusive supervision. JEL Classification: M50

scholarly journals Case Reports: Multifaceted Experiences Treating Youth with Severe Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Schaller ◽  
Linda Stephenson-Somers ◽  
Adolfo Ariza ◽  
Maheen Quadri ◽  
Helen Binns
Keyword(s):  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Integral Role

The management of youth with severe obesity is strongly impacted by social determinants of health and family dynamics. We present case studies of three patients seen in our tertiary care obesity treatment clinic as examples of the challenges faced by these patients and their families, as well as by the medical team. We discuss how these cases illustrate potential barriers to care, the role of child protective services, and we reflect upon lessons learned through the care of these patients. These cases highlight the need for comprehensive care in the management of youth with severe obesity, which can include: visits to multiple medical specialists, and mental and behavioral health providers; school accommodations; linkage to community resources; and, potentially, child protective services involvement. Through the care of these youth, our medical team gained more experience with using anti-obesity medications and meal replacements. The care of these youth also heightened our appreciation for the integral role of mental health services and community-based resources in the management of youth with severe obesity.

Critical Role of Bionanotechnology in Healthcare and Society

2008 ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Shivani Choudhary ◽  
Eliezer Geisler ◽  
Nilmini Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
General Health ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Oxford Dictionary ◽  
Area Of Study

Bionanotechnology is a combination of three terms: “bios” meaning “life,” “nano” (origin in Greek) meaning “dwarf,” and “technologia” (origin in Greek—comprised of “techne” meaning “craft” and “logia” meaning “saying”), which is a broad term dealing with the use and knowledge of humanity’s tools and crafts. Bionanotechnology is a term coined for the area of study where nanotechnology has applications in the field of biology and medical sciences. Healthcare is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as the “care for the general health of a person, community, etc., especially that is provided by an organized health service.” Moreover, Healthcare can also be defined as the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions1.

At What Cost

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Freudenberg
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Financial Speculation ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Corporate Profits ◽  
Changing Role

Every day people decide what to eat, how to educate their children, where to find health care, and how to connect to others. For many, freely choosing a lifestyle defines the American dream. But in the 21st century, these choices are increasingly constructed by corporations and designed not to promote well-being, happiness, and planetary health, but to increase corporate profits and power. As a result, the decisions that corporations encourage individuals to make can lead to premature death, illness, or psychological distress as well as environmental pollution and social conflict. At What Cost: Modern Capitalism and the Future of Health maps the landscape of the changing role of capitalism in shaping health in America, documenting the human costs of the dominant political and economic system. It describes how globalization, financial speculation, monopoly concentration, and business control of science and technology have enhanced the ability of corporations and their allies to overwhelm influences of government, family, and community. It analyses how 21st-century capitalism structures the choices that affect the well-being of individuals, families, communities, and the planet. The book also explores how people, governments, civil society, and social movements are challenging corporate domination and forging alternative paths to a healthier, more sustainable world. While other books have explored pieces of this story, At What Cost offers a comprehensive analysis of the health consequences of modern capitalism. It provides citizens, parents, activists, scholars, and policy makers with the evidence they need to construct a better world for current and future generations.

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