Network dimensioning and base station on/off switching strategies for sustainable deployments in remote areas

Energy efficiency is the key concept of wireless communication to achieve green network. Green networking is the process that reduces consumption of energy as well for conserving bandwidth and also for any other process that will ultimately reduce energy use and, indirectly, the expense. With the rapid growth of technologies in wireless network and rapid increase of mobile users the problem of spectrum usage as well as energy consumption plays a vital role. As there is anexponential increase in the deployment of base station every year the power consumed by base station is the significant theme of intrigue. The increase in the number of base stations also leads to environment impact of CO2 emission which is normally due to powering up the base station which is located in remote areas as these off-grid sites are powered by diesel generators. It is been predicted that if this trend continues then the energy consumed by cellular network in future will lead to a serious problem.Thus, there has to be a tradeoff between the quantity of subscribers and the quantity of base station or otherwise it will affect the system throughput. In this paper a brief review of methods that have been used recently to improve the energy consumed by the base station is analyzed.

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Design of Radio Digital Mobile Communications in Conditions of the Polish Railway

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.817.325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 817 ◽

pp. 325-333

Author(s):

Mirosław Siergiejczyk

Keyword(s):

Mobile Communications ◽

Data Transmission ◽

Base Station ◽

System Structure ◽

Voice Transmission ◽

Operating Capacity ◽

Network Dimensioning

The article presents selected issues related to the analysis of GSM-R network and issues of planning and dimensioning of this network in terms of providing opportunities for data and voice transmission. The synthetic description of the system structure, a set of available services and the means of data transmission were presented. Then, certain conditions that should be taken into account in the connection budget were specified. Requirements for network dimensioning for determining the operating capacity of the network were specified. The volume of the telecom traffic generated within the base station transceiver affects not only the number of resources necessary to handle the traffic, but also implies the number of frequency channels necessary to be allocated.

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Groups of mobile cellular service stations for operational radio communication tasks in remote areas

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2091/1/012031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2091 (1) ◽

pp. 012031

Author(s):

O N Pishchin ◽

D S Puzankov ◽

K V Perova ◽

I O Chulkov

Keyword(s):

Mobile Communication ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Base Station ◽

Military Operations ◽

Radio Communication ◽

Coverage Area ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Mobile Cellular ◽

Mobile Stations ◽

Large Sections

Abstract The authors of the article consider solutions needed to organize mobile cellular communication systems in remote areas. Modern mobile stations do not have the capability to overcome marshy areas, steppe, heavily rugged reliefs of the desert, water barriers and forests. Moreover, the coverage area from one base station is not highly localized (radio coverage area is not significant). Furthermore, modern mobile communication facilities have poor autonomy. The article proposes measures for an operational organization of cellular communications in large remote areas with a coverage radius of a medium-sized city. Article also considers the issues posed by a temporary organization of communication service in large sections near important locations (pipelines, riverbeds, transport and railway lines). The need for such an operational usage of mobile communication systems is most associated with geological exploration and scientific research in large remote areas and large areas with a damaged communication system due to natural emergencies or military operations.

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Understanding the complexity of simple decisions: Modeling multiple behaviors and switching strategies.

Decision ◽

10.1037/dec0000105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 335-368

Author(s):

Michael D. Lee ◽

Kevin A. Gluck ◽

Matthew M. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Multiple Behaviors ◽

Switching Strategies

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Incentives for retaining and motivating health workers in very remote areas of Indonesia

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e583132013-037 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Ferry Efendi ◽

Retno Indarwati ◽

Anna Kurniati

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Remote Areas

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A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit183810 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Yugashree Bhadane ◽

Pooja Kadam

Keyword(s):

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Key Management ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Base Station ◽

Secure Routing ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Management Schemes ◽

Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

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