scholarly journals Conservational tree growing by smallholder farm households: evidence from Gamo highlands of Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malebo Mancha Massa ◽  
Abdulaziz Mosa
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Entry Points

AbstractDeforestation and environmental degradation were identified among the leading factors worsening risk exposure in developing countries. Conservational tree growing was found a permissible option and an awake up policy direction to curve down the problem in Ethiopia. However, the uptake of this practice is far from complete and the art has not been made to a level that could make households self-reliant at least in tree resources, particularly in the highlands. The objective of this study was to identify the decisive factors that influence conservational tree growing behavior of smallholder farm households in Gamo highlands of Southern Ethiopia. The study was based on survey data collected from 11 villages in 2011/2012. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 335 farm households. Structured interview questionnaires and observations were used to collect primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics and logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The key findings showed that a host of factors significantly influenced smallholders’ decision to practice conservational tree growing. The study found that tree growing experience, farm size, and availability of suitable land area for tree growing and cash income from sales of trees were the significant factors explaining the variation in conservational tree growing behavior of households. We also observed old-aged trees in traditionally protected areas. Among others, funeral and mystical sites host large number of long-lived indigenous tree species than private farms in Gamo highlands of southern Ethiopia. Based on the findings, the study concluded that intra-farmer experience sharing, and support to efficient indigenous institutions and rural tree markets as potential entry points for mitigating deforestation and developing environmentally sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Conservational Tree Growing by Smallholder Farm Households: Evidence from Gamo Highlands of Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malebo Mancha Massa ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdulsemed Mosa
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Entry Points

Abstract Background: Deforestation and environmental degradation were identified among the leading factors worsening risk exposure in developing countries. Conservational tree growing was found a permissible option and an awake up policy direction to curve down the problem in Ethiopia. However, the uptake of this practice is far from complete and the art has not been made to a level that could make households self-reliant at least in tree resources, particularly in the highlands. This study was aimed at identifying the main decisive factors that potentially influence conservational tree growing behavior of smallholder farm households in Gamo highlands of Southern Ethiopia.Methods: The study was based on survey data collected from 11 villages in 2011/2012. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 335 farm households. A structured interview schedule and observation were used to collect primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the data.Results: The key findings showed that a host of factors significantly influenced smallholders’ decision to practice conservational tree growing. The study found that tree growing experience, age of the household head, farm size, and availability of suitable land area for tree growing and cash income from sales of trees were the significant factors explaining the variation in conservational tree growing behavior of households. The study also observed that indigenous social and cultural organizations and religious and old-aged funeral sites were the homes for old-aged but live indigenous tree species than private farms.Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study concluded that intra-farmer experience sharing, and support to efficient indigenous institutions and rural tree markets as potential entry points for mitigating deforestation, improving forestry, and developing environmentally sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Understanding Livelihood Diversification Patterns among Smallholder Farm Households in Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagesse A. Melketo ◽  
Endrias Geta ◽  
Stefan Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Smallholder Farm

Smallholder farm households face an increasing need of looking for alternative income sources to supplement their small scale on-farm incomes. However, livelihood diversification is a complex phenomenon and it involves different forms. This study, therefore, delves to realize the patterns of livelihood diversification strategies adopted by the smallholder farmers at Kembata-Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was based on cross-sectional survey data from 384 farm households that were selected through a combination of three-stages: cluster, simple random, and proportional to the size of population sampling techniques. A mix of instruments including interview- schedule, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations were used to acquire primary data. Descriptive statistics in combination with multidimensional approaches involving cluster analysis were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using word descriptions and verbatim discussions. It was found that the diversification patterns of the smallholder farm households in the study area took different forms involving alteration of land use patterns, intensification of crops and livestock productions, and non/off-farm activities. Superiority order of livelihood strategies in terms of the average annual cash income obtained by the households was set. Accordingly, commercial crop stands first followed by livestock rearing and subsistence crop production as second and third, respectively. It was suggested that livelihood diversification can only be a viable strategy to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods if the farmers are capacitated so that they can choose the right remunerative livelihood strategy among the existing options.

scholarly journals Determinants of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulagris L.) Marketed Surplus Among Smallholder Farmers in Humbo and Damot Gale Woredas, Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Besufekad Belayneh ◽  
Tewodros Tefera ◽  
Thomas Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Multi Stage

This research was aimed to study the common bean (Phaseolus vulagris L.) marketed surplus among smallholder farmers in the Humbo and Damot Gale Woredas. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in order to determine the sample respondents. By using simple random sampling technique four sample Kebeles were selected. Cross sectional data were collected from 182 farm households who produced common bean in 2016 production season. Primary data were collected from sample households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to analyze the data. To identify determinants of marketed surplus of common bean, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model was employed. The study suggest interventions such as intensification strategies which increase yields through proper management and use of inputs, rural infrastructure improvement increases the likelihood of market orientation and marketed surplus of common bean.

scholarly journals THE DEPENDENCE OF TRIBAL LIVELIHOODS ON FOREST FRUITS IN RURAL JHARKHAND, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-585
Author(s):  
M.A. Islam ◽  
◽  
Angrej Ali ◽  
A.M. Ansari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Key Informant Interview

This paper explores the diversity, extraction, consumption and livelihood contribution of forest fruits among tribes in Bundu block of Ranchi district, Jharkhand. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to draw a sample of 164 households from 9 selected villages for field surveys. Data were collected through a structured interview, non-participant observation, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and market assessment. Simple descriptive statistics viz., frequency (f), percentage (%), mean (x), and range were applied to analyze the data. Results of the study revealed that 31 forest fruits harvested from 26 trees and 5 shrubs belonging to 28 genera and 21 families and consumed as ripe fruit (24) followed by pickle (9), vegetable (4), oilseed (3), roasted/boiled seed (3), drink (2), dehydrated unripe slices (1), fruit aril (1), fruit leather (1), kernel (1), sauce (1), soar product (1) and vinegar (1). Total extraction of forest fruits was 19312.60 kg/year, of which 70.37% was sold for cash income and the rest 29.63% were consumed for subsistence. Sale of forest fruits accrued an annual income of ₹ 246685.00 which contributed 3.90% of the total household annual income. Forest fruits constitute a key source of food, nutrition, subsistence, cash income and safety nets. Overharvesting of forest fruits to mitigate livelihood stress is likely to deplete their availability which would greatly affect the tribal welfare and food security. To promote forest fruit’s conservation, forest management should be harmonized with tribal development, poverty alleviation, food security, and livelihood sustainability strategies and thus, some additional policies will be required.

scholarly journals Determinant of agroforestry practices among small holder farmers in Oyo State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2107-2111
Author(s):  
O.O. Obadimu ◽  
O.S. Oke ◽  
O.A. Asunlegan ◽  
M.A. Alaje ◽  
D. Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Excellent Result ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

The multiplicity of agroforestry practices demand the choice of appropriate methods that will give the rural farmers an excellent result. Thus, this study analysed the factors determining the choice of agroforestry practices among small holder farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data was obtained using multi-stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was administered to 250 selected small holder farmers to elicit relevant information and 211 was retrieved and used for this study. The findings revealed that most 55% of the farmers chose agrisilvicutural system while 33.2% and 11.8% of the farmers chose agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral systems respectively. Most of the farmers were males 89.1%, with average age of 47years indicating they were relatively young with basic formal education. The average farm size of 3.34ha indicated that the study covered small holder farmers. The multinomial logit result showed that factors such as educational level, meeting attendance, type of labour used, household assets significantly determined the choice of agroforestry practices adopted by the farmers. The study therefore recommends the implementation of policies that promote more enlightenment on the benefits of agroforestry to both the educated and non-educated farmers to facilitate quick adoption, provision of incentives to farmers that attend meetings regularly and making available improved agroforestry methods and practices to enhance wider suitability of agroforestry practices.

scholarly journals Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Production Among Smallholder Farmers in Damot Gale and Humbo Woredas of Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besufekad Bassa
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Multi Stage

This research was aimed to study the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production among smallholder farmers in Damot Gale and Humbo Woredas. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in order to determine the sample respondents. By using simple random sampling techniques four sample Kebeles were selected. Cross sectional data were collected from 182 farmer households who were chickpea producers in 2016 production season. Primary data were collected from sample households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were employed to analyze the data. To identify the production function of chickpea crops Cobbe-Douglas production function was employed. The study suggest interventions such as intensification strategies which increase yields through proper management and use of inputs, rural infrastructure improvement increases the likelihood of production of chickpea.

scholarly journals Awareness and Constraints of Aquaculture Biosecurity Among Fish Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Siyanbola A. Omitoyin ◽  
Kemisola D. Osakuade
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Scale Of Operation

The study investigated the level of awareness and constraints the farmers were facing in adopting effective biosecurity measures in Ekiti State. Primary data were collected using multi-stage sampling technique to randomly select 150 fish growers, out of which 144 questionnaires were recovered. Analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, four-point Likert scale and multiple regression. The result showed that 76.4% of the fish farmers with mean age of 40.48±10.28years were married, 61.1% owned the land on which they farm their fish, 73.6% operated as small scale fish farmers with farm size of <1 hectare. About 91.0% knew about fish diseases, the main source of pollution on the farm was flooding while some (61.1%) experienced outbreak of fish diseases at juvenile stage. High cost of facilities, lack of financial assistance, poor knowledge on biosecurity, expensive laboratory charges and inadequate monitoring by extension agents was perceived as the major constraints. The farmers need financial help to get adequate facilities and to enlarge their scale of operation. Adequate extension services to enlighten them on the effective biosecurity measures should be adopted.

Role of Finance in Resource use Efficiency and Constraints in Banana Cultivation in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 437-441
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Regular Source ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Information

The study was conducted using purposive cum random sampling technique and two hundred respondents comprised of 100 each borrowers and non-borrowers were selected from two block of district including marginal, small and medium categories of farm size. Primary data were collected through personal interview technique and required secondary information was taken from the record available at district and block level. Simple tabular and functional analysis and Garrett ranking were done to draw inferences. As per the result obtained from the study, no much difference was seen between the resource use efficiency of borrower and non-borrower farms and constraints faced by borrower. Since banana is a cash crop and it needs initial costs for its establishment, and after harvesting the crop regular source of income was generated by selling of suckers (seed) plant and its fruits. It’s by-product, leaves, etc. also used for various purposes. Minute inspection of the analysis showed that finance played important role for initiating the cultivation of banana crops showed the resource use efficiency that there is no considerable difference found on sample farms of borrower and non-borrower categories. Constraints faced by majority of the farmers were mainly delay in disbursement of loan and lack of the repayment period insufficient and improper management for withdraws on KCC.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management practices and sustainable food production among farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame ◽  
Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda ◽  
Olayinka Jelili Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Abstract A survey was conducted in the Kwara State of Nigeria to study the integrated weed management (IWM) practices by farmers. This was in view of the poor weed management practices adopted by farmers, which is a major factor responsible for low yields of many arable crops in Kwara State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 480 respondents, and a structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from them. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factor analysis was also carried out to examine the perception of farmers’ benefits of IWM. Results showed that the majority of farmers (29.4%) were youths, married (89.1%), and involved in medium-scale farming (47.2%). Furthermore, 50.8% of the farmers had primary or secondary education. Although farmers use different weed control methods, more than half of them (54.7%) use herbicides. Most farmers (92.6%) are engaged in the use of IWM, However, 73.5% of them use a combination of herbicides and hoe weeding. Although not properly practiced, farmers perceived IWM as having socio-environmental (29.229%) and techno-efficacious (23.495%) benefits over either hoe weeding or herbicides used alone. The findings suggest a need to train farmers on all aspects of IWM to achieve self-sufficiency in food production in Kwara State.

scholarly journals What Explains Gender Gaps in Household Food Security? Evidence from Maize Farm Households in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girma Gezimu Gebre ◽  
Hiroshi Isoda ◽  
Yuichiro Amekawa ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Hisako Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Household Food

AbstractUsing primary data collected from 560 farm households in Dawuro zone, southern Ethiopia, this study analyzes the gender gaps in food security among male, female, and joint decision-making farm households. It examines the factors inducing gender gaps among the households of those three categories. The results show that female decision-making households have a lower probability of ensuring food-security and a higher probability of being transitionally and chronically food-insecure. Joint decision-making households showed a higher probability of falling into the chronically food-insecure category. The decomposition results show significant gender gaps between male and female decision-making households in terms of food-secure, transitory food-insecure, and chronically food-insecure categories. Overall, both the endowment and return effects account for the gaps; however, the magnitude of the effect from the return is higher than from the endowment on significant gaps in the food-secure, transitory, and chronically food-insecure categories. Hence, there is a need for policies that not only ensure equal levels of productive resources but also help households build their capacity in order to improve both transitory and chronically food insecure situations.

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