scholarly journals Riverbank erosion and migration inter-linkage: with special focus on Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimpal Dekaraja ◽  
Ratul Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Industrial Worker ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Secondary Information

Abstract Background Riverbank erosion becomes a vulnerable phenomenon in the bank of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Around 17 riverine districts of Assam are affected by riverbank erosion and lost a large plot of land. Due to riverbank erosion the victims’ loss their homestead and crop land as well as their survival strategy in the eroded areas. Moreover, farmers largely affected due to riverbank erosion as they loss their sources of income. This forces the farmer to migrate to another place for their survival. The paper examines the linkage between river bank erosion and migration based on secondary information. Method To examine the linkage, information collected from government published sources ‘Census of India’ and ‘Statistical handbook of Assam’. On the basis of the information, 10 indicators constructed from 26 variables and then factor analysis method applied to examine the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Results Four variables that are agricultural worker, industrial worker, cropped area and livestock population are loaded into the first factor, for which the first factor is labeled as the socio-economic indicator. In case of second factor the two variables i.e. Migrational Growth Index (MGI) and urban population are loaded. On the basis of the loaded variables this factor labeled as demographic indicator. In case of third factor also two variables are loaded that is, Natural Growth Index (NGI) and Literacy rate. The loaded variables indicate that both NGI and Literacy rate are positively related. Two variables are loaded in this fourth factor i.e. river bank eroded area and the district population growth. This factor labeled as environmental indicator on the basis of the variables loaded in this factor. The factor correlation matrix indicates the opposite relation between first and fourth factor. Conclusion The results obtained from Factor component analysis reveals that the first and fourth factor component mainly established the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Besides this the component correlation matrix also reveals the inter-linkage between the variables. Thus we can say that there is positive relation between riverbank erosion and migration. However, it can be interpret that farmers mostly affected due to riverbank erosion and migrate more, because most of the inhabitants of the floodplain areas are the farmers.

scholarly journals Riverbank Erosion and Migration Inter-Linkage: with special focus on Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimpal Dekaraja ◽  
Ratul Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Industrial Worker ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Secondary Information

Abstract Background: Riverbank erosion becomes a vulnerable phenomenon in the bank of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Around 17 riverine districts of Assam are affected by riverbank erosion and lost a large plot of land. Due to riverbank erosion the victims’ loss their homestead and crop land as well as their survival strategy in the eroded areas. Moreover, farmers largely affected due to riverbank erosion as they loss their sources of income. This forces the farmer to migrate to another place for their survival. The paper examines the linkage between river bank erosion and migration based on secondary information. Method: To examine the linkage, information collected from government published sources ‘Census of India’ and ‘Statistical handbook of Assam’. On the basis of the information, 10 indicators constructed from 26 variables and then factor analysis method applied to examine the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Results: Four variables that are agricultural worker, industrial worker, cropped area and livestock population are loaded into the first factor, for which the first factor is labeled as the socio-economic indicator. In case of second factor the two variables i.e. Migrational Growth Index(MGI) and urban population are loaded. On the basis of the loaded variables this factor labeled as demographic indicator. In case of third factor also two variables are loaded that is, Natural Growth Index(NGI) and Literacy rate. The loaded variables indicate that both NGI and Literacy rate are positively related. Two variables are loaded in this fourth factor i.e. river bank eroded area and the district population growth. This factor labeled as environmental indicator on the basis of the variables loaded in this factor. The factor correlation matrix indicates the opposite relation between first and fourth factor. Conclusion: The results obtained from Factor component analysis reveals that the first and fourth factor component mainly established the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Besides this the component correlation matrix also reveals the inter-linkage between the variables. Thus we can say that there is positive relation between riverbank erosion and migration. However, it can be interpret that farmers mostly affected due to riverbank erosion and migrate more, because most of the inhabitants of the floodplain areas are the farmers.

scholarly journals Riverbank Erosion and Migration, Inter-Linkage: with special focus on Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimpal Dekaraja ◽  
Ratul Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Industrial Worker ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Secondary Information

Abstract Background: Riverbank erosion becomes a vulnerable phenomenon in the bank of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Around 17 riverine districts of Assam are affected by riverbank erosion and lost a large plot of land. Due to riverbank erosion the victims’ loss their homestead and crop land as well as their survival strategy in the eroded areas. Moreover, farmers largely affected due to riverbank erosion as they loss their sources of income. This forces the farmer to migrate to another place for their survival. The paper examines the linkage between river bank erosion and migration based on secondary information. Method: To examine the linkage, information collected from government published sources ‘Census of India’ and ‘Statistical handbook of Assam’. On the basis of the information, 10 indicators constructed from 26 variables and then factor analysis method applied to examine the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Results: Four variables that are agricultural worker, industrial worker, cropped area and livestock population are loaded into the first factor, for which the first factor is labeled as the socio-economic indicator. In case of second factor the two variables i.e. Migrational Growth Index(MGI) and urban population are loaded. On the basis of the loaded variables this factor labeled as demographic indicator. In case of third factor also two variables are loaded that is, Natural Growth Index(NGI) and Literacy rate. The loaded variables indicate that both NGI and Literacy rate are positively related. Two variables are loaded in this fourth factor i.e. river bank eroded area and the district population growth. This factor labeled as environmental indicator on the basis of the variables loaded in this factor. The factor correlation matrix indicates the opposite relation between first and fourth factor.Conclusion: The results obtained from Factor component analysis reveals that the first and fourth factor component mainly established the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Besides this the component correlation matrix also reveals the inter-linkage between the variables. Thus we can say that there is positive relation between riverbank erosion and migration. However, it can be interpret that farmers mostly affected due to riverbank erosion and migrate more, because most of the inhabitants of the floodplain areas are the farmers.

scholarly journals Riverbank Erosion and Migration, Inter-linkage: With Special Focus on Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimpal Dekaraja ◽  
Ratul Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Industrial Worker ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Background: River-bank erosion becomes a vulnerable phenomenon in the bank of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Around 17 riverine districts of Assam are affected by riverbank erosion and lost large plots of land. Due to riverbank erosion the victims’ loss their homestead and crop land as well as their survival strategy in the eroded areas. Moreover, farmers largely affected due to riverbank erosion as they loss their sources of income. This forces the farmer to migrate to another place for their survival. The paper examines the linkage between river bank erosion and migration based on secondary information. To examine the linkage, information collected from government published source ‘Census of India’ and ‘Statistical handbook of Assam’. On the basis of the information, 10 indicators constructed from 26 variables and then factor analysis method applied to examine the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Results: Four variables that are agricultural worker, industrial worker, cropped area and livestock population are loaded into the first factor, for which the first factor is labeled as the socio-economic indicator. In case of second factor the two variables i.e. MGI and urban population are loaded. On the basis of the loaded variables this factor labeled as demographic indicator. In case of third factor also two variables are loaded that is, NGI (Natural Growth Index) and Literacy rate. The loaded variables indicate that both NGI and Literacy rate are positively related. Two variables are loaded in this fourth factor i.e. river bank eroded area and the district population growth. This factor labeled as environmental indicator on the basis of the variables loaded in this factor. The factor correlation matrix indicate the opposite relation between first and fourth factor.Conclusion: The results obtained from Factor component analysis reveals that the first and fourth factor component mainly established the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Besides this the component correlation matrix also reveals the inter-linkage between the variables. Thus we can say that there is positive relation between riverbank erosion and migration. However, it can be interpret that farmers mostly affected due to riverbank erosion and migrate more, because farmers mostly inhabited in floodplain areas.

Wound With Diabetes: Present Scenario And Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep B. Pawar ◽  
Shivani Desai ◽  
Ramesh R. Bhonde ◽  
Ritesh P. Bhole ◽  
Atul A. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Diabetic Wound ◽  
Management Options ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder of endocrine system characterized by increase in blood glucose level. Several factors such as pancreatic damage, oxidative stress, infection, genetic factor, obesity, liver dysfunction play a vital role in pathogenesis of diabetes which further lead to serious diabetic complications. Diabetic wound is one such complication where the wound formation occurs, especially due to pressure and its healing process is disrupted due to factors such as hyperglycemia, neuropathy, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease, reduction of blood flow, atherosclerosis, impaired fibroblast. Process of wound healing is delayed due to different abnormalities like alteration in nitric oxide level, increase in aldose reductase, sorbitol and fructose. Therefore, diabetic wound requires more time to heal as compare to normal wound. Healing time is delayed in diabetic wound due to many factors such as stress, decreased oxygenation supply, infection, decreased blood flow, impaired proliferation and migration rate, impaired growth factor production, impaired keratinocytes proliferation and migration, and altered vascular endothelial mediators. The current treatment for diabetic wound includes wound patches, oxygenation therapy, hydrogel patches, gene therapy, laser therapy, and stem cell therapy. Medications with phytoconstituents is also one way to manage diabetic wound, but it is not more effective for quick healing. The objective of this review is to understand the potential of various management options which are available for diabetic wound, with a special focus on biological cells.

Designing Multiplayer Online Games Using the Real-Time Framework

2012 ◽  
pp. 290-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Gorlatch ◽  
Frank Glinka ◽  
Alexander Ploss ◽  
Dominik Meiländer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Single Server ◽  
Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Multiple Servers ◽  
Game State ◽  
And Migration

This chapter describes a novel, high-level approach to designing and executing online computer games. The approach is based on our Real-Time Framework (RTF) and suits a wide spectrum of online games including Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) and First-Person Shooters (FPS). The authors address major design issues like data structures and Area of Interest (AoI), with a special focus on the scalability of games implemented on multiple servers, including distribution of the game state, inter-server communication, object serialization and migration, etc. The chapter illustrates the approach with two case studies: the design of a new multi-player online game and bringing the single-server commercial game Quake 3 to multiple servers in order to increase the number of simultaneous players. The authors show the place of their approach in the taxonomy of game development approaches, and they report experimental results on the performance of games developed using RTF.

The Triumph of Novelty over Experience? Social Policy Responses to Demographic Crises in Hungary and Poland since EU Enlargement

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Inglot
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Domain I

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Politics and Current Demographic Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe,” guest-edited by Tsveta Petrova and Tomasz Inglot. During the past two decades, many European countries, including Germany, Italy, and Spain in the west, and Poland and Hungary in the east, encountered prolonged demographic crises. These challenges first became evident in the late 1990s as fertility rates declined rapidly, much below the level necessary to ensure a simple replacement of generations. Moreover, since the EU accession, mass labor migration from the new Member States to the more developed western European countries added yet another dimension to the growing population problems. This article attempts to explain variation in governmental policy responses to these developments between two countries, Poland and Hungary. Hungary, owing to its long-term tradition of relatively generous and extensive social programs directed to families, youth, and children, should be expected to handle its population emergency much better than Poland. Yet, the opposite has happened. In the last few years, Poland has proposed and implemented several innovative measures to address fertility and migration pressures while Hungary has remained committed to its traditional social policies in this domain. I will analyze and compare the two cases by examining a combination of historical factors related to the legacies of demographic emergencies defined in terms of national strength and survival, and by examining the politics of family policy, with a special focus on the creation of coalitions of governmental and/or nongovernmental actors that either facilitate or obstruct effective policy innovation.

scholarly journals Environmental Management Challenges of Emerging Industrial Firms: Evidence from Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Samuel Urkato ◽  
Hio-Jung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Family Health ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Secondary Information

In developing economies like Ethiopia, emerging industries are mostly subject to state protection, as a prominent rationale articulated by Hamilton (1791). However, they are less responsive to environmental health degradation caused by their effluent. In this paper, Akaki River pollution in Addis Ababa city is thought-out to understand how those industries aligning the river bank are polluting the environment and how local policy is responding to regulate it. By using secondary information, focus group discussion and key informant interview, this study describes that Ethiopian environmental policy, which addresses state and market approaches, is silent to protect the pollution. However, the societies in the catchment areas, whom lack proper property right of the river, are seriously vulnerable to family health since they use the polluted river water for smallholder farming, drinking, and other domestic activities. Moreover, the weak performance of this policy is a burden for other sectoral policies such as health and agriculture. Empirical studies for river pollution impact are further needed.  

scholarly journals Impact of River Bank Erosion on Mental Health and Coping Capacity in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jamiun Naher ◽  
Tanjir Rashid Soron
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
River Erosion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Coping

AbstractObjectivesRiverbank erosion is a regular phenomenon that displaces millions of people every year worldwide. More than 100,000 people are displaced due to river erosion every year in Bangladesh. People have to resettle in a different place leaving behind their property and familiar environment. This transformation with economic crisis acts as a major stressor for the persons and their families. However, people may adapt different strategies to adapt this difficult situation and keep themselves healthy. They might have higher coping skills due to what they had to endure. This study aimed to find out the difference in the mental health status and coping strategies among the river bank erosion affected and non-affected people in BangladeshMethodsWe interviewed 100 adult respondents, of whom 50 had been affected and 50 had never been affected by river erosion in Bangladesh. All the participants completed self-report sociodemographic questionnaires; their mental state was evaluated with the Bangla version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the coping was measured using the COPE scale.ResultThe mental health well-being score of the affected group was significantly lower than the non-affected group. However, accounting for gender, income and age, the affected group had lower mean score in coping (55.86) then the non-affected group (64.04). However, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsRiverbank erosion is a major natural disaster in Bangladesh that makes people vulnerable to mental disorder. However, it receives less attention; we hope this study will stimulate future researcher to explore mental state and coping mechanism in multiple perspectives and develop evidence-based service for them.

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW: RETHINKING SPORTS AND INTEGRATION. DEVELOPING A TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON MIGRANTS AND DESCENDANTS IN SPORTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Jacek Burski
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Women Professionals ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Transnational Relations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration

Sine Agergaard, the author of “Rethinking sports and integration. Developing a Transnational Perspective on Migrants and Descendants in Sports”, is well known for her work in researches of migration, integration and social participation, especially in and by sport. In her previous researches she had used sport-based perspective to examine how migrants had integrated within hosting society, in what ways relations between newcomers, local communities and state institutions were established, and what were the social processes of migration with special focus on professionals as an actors and objects of these phenomena (Agergaard and Tiesler 2014; Agergaard et al. 2018; Agergaard 2017; Agergaard and Botelho 2014; Agergaard and la Cour 2012). She is also the co-founder and currently head of the International Network for research in Sport and Migration Issues. (spomi-net) In the mentioned works, Agergaard used different approaches and methods to examine both particular cases (like a problem of women professionals’ integration, ethnic minority into the field of Danish football) and transnational relations. Problems researched by the author refer to broader mosaic of interests tied up by the question: “How one can establish perspective on locally occurring but internationally connected migration-related phenomena in field of sport?” Summary of work (books and articles) establish Agergaard’s position as an expert in the field of migration and sport.

Impact of Riverbank erosion on Human life

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Dr. Biplab Tripathy ◽  
Tanmoy Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
River Ecology ◽  
River Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
Social Insecurity ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Long Term Consequences

The side portion of a course of river called riverbank. The area is always important to our human civilization for all kinds of development. But it is not so secure for various problems.  Riverbank erosion is one of the critical problems in the world at least in some countries. It has a long term consequences on human life. The problems which create challenge in river basin are flood, landslide, land erosion, deforestation etc. The victims are migrated and they become hopeless. On the other hand river bank erosion also affects river ecology in different way. The peoples those lived in near to bank area of river are suffered by economically, social insecurity and health problem indirectly by riverbank erosion. All these insecurities caused by the forced of displacement of riverbank.

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