Lentinan administration alleviates diarrhea of rotavirus-infected weaned pigs via regulating intestinal immunity

Abstract Background Lentinan (LNT) may regulate many important physiological functions of human and animals. This study aimed to verify whether LNT administration could relieve diarrhea via improving gut immunity in rotavirus (RV)-challenged weaned pigs. Methods Twenty-eight weaned pigs were randomly fed 2 diets containing 0 or 84 mg/kg LNT product for 19 d (n = 14). RV infection was executed on d 15. After extracting polysaccharides from LNT product, its major monosaccharides were analyzed. Then, LNT polysaccharide was used to administrate RV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Results Dietary LNT supplementation supported normal function of piglets even when infected with RV, as reflected by reduced growth performance loss and diarrhea prevalence, and maintained gut immunity (P < 0.05). The polysaccharide was isolated from LNT product, which molecular weight was 5303 Da, and major monosaccharides included glucose, arabinose and galactose. In RV-infected IPEC-J2 cells, this polysaccharide significantly increased cell viability (P < 0.05), and significantly increased anti-virus immunity via regulating pattern recognition receptors and host defense peptides (P < 0.05). Conclusion Those results suggest that LNT administration increases the piglets’ resistance to RV-induced stress, likely by supporting intestinal immunity.

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Lentinan Administration Alleviates Diarrhea of Rotavirus-Infected Weaned Pigs via Regulating Intestinal Immunity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76696/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiangqi Fan ◽

Haiyan Hu ◽

Daiwen Chen ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Jun He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Host Defense ◽

Normal Function ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Performance Loss ◽

Induced Stress ◽

Gut Immunity ◽

Diarrhea Prevalence

Abstract BackgroundThis study aimed to verify whether lentinan (LNT) administration could relieve diarrhea via improving gut immunity in rotavirus (RV)-challenged weaned pigs. MethodsTwenty-eight weaned pigs were randomly fed 2 diets containing 0 or 84 mg/kg LNT product for 19 d (n = 14). RV infection was executed on d 15.ResultsDietary LNT supplementation supported normal function of piglets even when infected with RV, as reflected by reduced growth performance loss and diarrhea prevalence, and maintained gut immunity (P < 0.05). The polysaccharide was isolated from LNT product, whose molecular weight was 5303 Da, and major monosaccharides included glucose, arabinose and galactose. In RV-infected IPEC-J2 cells, this polysaccharide significantly increased cell viability (P < 0.05), and significantly increased anti-virus immunity via regulating pattern recognition receptors and host defense peptides (P < 0.05). ConclusionThose results suggest that LNT administration increases the piglets’ resistance to RV-induced stress, likely by supporting intestinal immunity.

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Geographically Distinct Expression Profile of Host Defense Peptides in the Skin of the Chinese Odorous Frog, Odorrana margaretae

Asian Herpetological Research ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1245.2013.00288 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 288-297

Author(s):

LING Guiying ◽

LI Li ◽

GAO Jiuxiang ◽

YU Haining ◽

WANG Yipeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Defense ◽

Expression Profile ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Defense Peptides

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Human Host Defense Peptides - Role in Maintaining Human Homeostasis and Pathological Processes

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867323666161213100443 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 654-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Malgorzata Anna Dawgul ◽

Katarzyna E. Greber ◽

Wieslaw Sawicki ◽

Wojciech Kamysz

Keyword(s):

Host Defense ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Human Host ◽

Defense Peptides

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Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91555-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Blazej Slazak ◽

Klara Kaltenböck ◽

Karin Steffen ◽

Martyna Rogala ◽

Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Defense ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Cyclic Peptides ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Biological Assays ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Common ◽

Teide Volcano

AbstractCyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides, that are characteristic for each species and variable in different environments. Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry (LC–MS, MALDI-MS), transcriptomics and biological assays to investigate the diversity, differences in cyclotide expression based on species and different environment, and antimicrobial activity of cyclotides found in violets from the Canary Islands. A wide range of different habitats can be found on these islands, from subtropical forests to dry volcano peaks at high altitudes. The islands are inhabited by the endemic Viola palmensis, V. cheiranthifolia, V. anagae and the common V. odorata. The number of cyclotides produced by a given species varied in plants from different environments. The highest diversity was noted in V. anagae which resides in subtropical forest and the lowest in V. cheiranthifolia from the Teide volcano. Transcriptome sequencing and LC–MS were used to identify 23 cyclotide sequences from V. anagae. Cyclotide extracts exhibited antifungal activities with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations noted for V. anagae (15.62 μg/ml against Fusarium culmorum). The analysis of the relative abundance of 30 selected cyclotides revealed patterns characteristic to both species and populations, which can be the result of genetic variability or environmental conditions in different habitats. The current study exemplifies how plants tailor their host defense peptides for various habitats, and the usefulness of cyclotides as markers for chemosystematics.

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Mechanistic Fingerprinting Reveals Kinetic Signatures of Resistance to Daptomycin and Host Defense Peptides in Streptococcus mitis-oralis

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Michael R. Yeaman ◽

Liana C. Chan ◽

Nagendra N. Mishra ◽

Arnold S. Bayer

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Host Defense ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Mitis ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Strain Pair ◽

Defense Peptides

Streptococcus mitis-oralis (S. mitis-oralis) infections are increasingly prevalent in specific populations, including neutropenic cancer and endocarditis patients. S. mitis-oralis strains have a propensity to evolve rapid, high-level and durable resistance to daptomycin (DAP-R) in vitro and in vivo, although the mechanism(s) involved remain incompletely defined. We examined mechanisms of DAP-R versus cross-resistance to cationic host defense peptides (HDPs), using an isogenic S. mitis-oralis strain-pair: (i) DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) parental 351-WT (DAP MIC = 0.5 µg/mL), and its (ii) DAP-R variant 351-D10 (DAP MIC > 256 µg/mL). DAP binding was quantified by flow cytometry, in-parallel with temporal (1–4 h) killing by either DAP or comparative prototypic cationic HDPs (hNP-1; LL-37). Multicolor flow cytometry was used to determine kinetic cell responses associated with resistance or susceptibility to these molecules. While overall DAP binding was similar between strains, a significant subpopulation of 351-D10 cells hyper-accumulated DAP (>2–4-fold vs. 351-WT). Further, both DAP and hNP-1 induced cell membrane (CM) hyper-polarization in 351-WT, corresponding to significantly greater temporal DAP-killing (vs. 351-D10). No strain-specific differences in CM permeabilization, lipid turnover or regulated cell death were observed post-exposure to DAP, hNP-1 or LL-37. Thus, the adaptive energetics of the CM appear coupled to the outcomes of interactions of S. mitis-oralis with DAP and selected HDPs. In contrast, altered CM permeabilization, proposed as a major mechanism of action of both DAP and HDPs, did not differentiate DAP-S vs. DAP-R phenotypes in this S. mitis-oralis strain-pair.

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