Efforts to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: potential entry points for neglected tropical diseases

Abstract Background The damage inflicted by the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upon humanity is and will continue to be considerable. Unprecedented progress made in global health over the past 20 years has reverted and economic growth has already evaporated, giving rise to a global recession, the likes of which we may not have experienced since the Second World War. Our aim is to draw the attention of the neglected tropical disease (NTD) community towards some of the major emerging economic opportunities which are quickly appearing on the horizon as a result of COVID-19. Main text This scoping review relied on a literature search comprised of a sample of articles, statements, and press releases on initiatives aimed at mitigating the impact of COVID-19, while supporting economic recovery. Of note, the donor scenario and economic development agendas are highly dynamic and expected to change rapidly as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, as are donor and lender priorities. Conclusions The NTD community, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), will need to work quickly, diligently, and in close collaboration with decision-makers and key stakeholders, across sectors at national and international level to secure its position. Doing so might enhance the odds of grasping potential opportunities to access some of the massive resources that are now available in the form of contributions from corporate foundations, trust funds, loans, debt relieve schemes, and other financial mechanisms, as part of the ongoing and future economic development agendas and public health priorities driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper should serve as a starting point for the NTD community to seek much needed financial support in order to sustain and revitalize control and elimination efforts pertaining to NTDs in LMICs.

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ANALISIS POTENSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS PAJAK HOTEL DAN RESTORAN SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PAD DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAN KEUANGAN DAERAH ◽

10.35794/jpekd.19775.19.6.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jessy V. Tiwang ◽

Debby Ch. Rotinsulu ◽

Daisy S.M. Engka

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Development ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Tax Collection ◽

Local Revenue ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

ABSTRAK Pembangunan ekonomi daerah khususnya Pemerintah Kota merupakan titik awal pelaksanaan pembangunan, sehingga daerah diharapkan bisa lebih mengetahui potensi dan apa yang menjadi kebutuhan daerahnya salah satunya peningkatan Pendapatan dan Pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui proses pemugutan pajak Hotel dan Restoran guna dampak sesuai yang diharapkan. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dan efektivitas Pajak Hotel dan Restoranserta dampaknya terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Minahasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pajak Hotel dan Restoran masih kurang berpotensi, sementara untuk tingkat efektivitas, Pajak Hotel dan Restoran menunjukkan angka yang efektif yakni rata-rata diatas 100%, dan secara bersama variabel Pajak Hotel dan Restoran memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah, begitu pula secara bersamaan variabel Pajak Hotel dan restoran serta Pendapatan Asli Daerah memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang ada di Kabuaten Minahasa. Kata Kunci : Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pajak Hotel dan Restoran ABSTRACT Economic development areas especially the city is the starting point of construction , so that the regions is expected to be more aware of their potential and what has been one of the needs of the regions increase in income and economic growth through a tax collection hotel and restaurant to the impact as expected. In this study aims to to analyze the all the potential and the effectiveness of tax hotel tax and restoranserta what effect it had on the regional genuine income and economic growth in kabupaten Minahasa . Based on the research shows that hotel and restaurant tax potential is weak , while the effectiveness , hotel and restaurant tax shows a figure that is effective and above 100% , and together the hotel and restaurant tax positive impact on local revenue , this is also at the same time the hotel and restaurant tax and local revenue positive impact on the economic growth is in kabupaten Minahasa . Keyword : Local revenue, economic growth, hotel and restaurant taxes

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Economic Development Path of Poland: Innovation and Competitiveness in Light of the Situation of Southern European Countries

International Journal of Management and Economics ◽

10.2478/ijme-2014-0031 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 119-140

Author(s):

Konrad Kubacki ◽

Agnieszka Słuszniak

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Development ◽

Innovation System ◽

Business Environment ◽

European Countries ◽

Middle Income ◽

Development Path ◽

Future Economic Development ◽

European Economies ◽

Southern European Countries

Abstract The financial crisis of 2007 revealed structural weaknesses in many European countries, particularly in Southern Europe. The goal of this article is to identify the existing economic situation in the four main Southern European countries: Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain (GIPS), and in Poland, conduct a comparative analysis of the development paths and competitiveness levels of these countries using statistical data as well as existing scientific literature, and finally to formulate suggestions for a new development path of Poland. The results of the analysis suggest that Poland's development is currently on a turning point, portraying many similarities to Southern European economies after their EU accession, as well as before the crisis. The authors come to a conclusion that unless Poland undertakes crucial reforms, particularly in the field of its innovation system, business environment, implementation of EU funds, and overall strategic long-term planning, it is inevitable that its economic growth will slow down, possibly falling into a middle-income trap. Poland might not avoid the same mistakes of GIPS, that failed to implement adequate reforms in times of economic growth, what today results in suffering from serious consequences. T is paper presents a unique view on the future economic development of Poland in relation to the paths already undertaken by Southern European economies.

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The major innovations of Chinese economic development theories in the new era

China Political Economy ◽

10.1108/cpe-09-2018-006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 13-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yinxing Hong

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Economic Development ◽

Low Income ◽

World Economy ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Development Theory ◽

Middle Income ◽

Content Type ◽

Development Stages ◽

Starting Point

Purpose At present, the Chinese economy has entered the “new normal” phase with the transformation of development stages from the low-income to the middle-income ones. Accordingly, there appear a series of innovations in development theories. Innovations involve creative destructions. Therefore, innovative development theories at the present stage either deny the prevailing principles of development economics, or deny the theories that once effectively guided development at the low-income stage, or even sublate some of the development polices which were propelled and proved effective at the beginning of the reform and opening-up. The fundamental reason is that, as the development stages evolve, there occur new development tasks, new periodical characteristics and new laws of development. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Any development theory from abroad will find it difficult to correctly guide and clarify development problems in a socialist country, such as the huge population and the extreme imbalance between the urban and the rural and among regional developments. Findings In conclusion, China, as a large world economy, has made innovations in its economic development theory, which indicates that it intends to perfect itself rather than seek hegemony. As the world’s second largest economy, China should adapt to the transformation and further free people’s minds instead of adhering to the old patterns of thinking. It should think over the path of development for a great world economy from the historical starting point of a large world economy and find development strategies to transform itself from a large economy to a great economy, so as to realize the dream of the Chinese nation to build a powerful country. Originality/value Only political economy studies both the relations of production and the productive forces, and only a theory combining both can correctly guide China’s economic development, which especially needs to be promoted by taking advantage of socialist economic system. Therefore, the first and foremost principle for a socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics is to insist on liberating and developing productive forces.

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How to reduce local government decision-making competition in China’s new urbanization process

Kybernetes ◽

10.1108/k-06-2014-0119 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 671-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dong Wang ◽

Hengzhou Xu ◽

Xiaoyan Li

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Economic Development ◽

Local Government ◽

Central Government ◽

Market Competition ◽

Content Type ◽

Government Decision ◽

Future Economic Development ◽

The Impact ◽

New Urbanization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of local government decision-making competition new urbanization, further to seek measures to weaken the negative effect of local government decision-making competition. Design/methodology/approach – This paper first puts forward the three paths which make local government decision-making competition: construction of new-style urbanization, economic development and construction of people’s livelihood and take China’s new-style urbanization as an example, the authors analyzed the internal mechanism of decision making of local government competition which caused by above three paths. Second, using the prospect theory, risk aversion theory and Cournot duopoly model, the authors analyzed how to avoid the local government decision-making competition and how to reduce the harm caused by local government decision-making competition. Findings – The central government can curb the appearance of local government competition strategy through regulating and controlling the effectiveness of local government protective-investment policy, improving the degree of market competition and punishment coefficient of government decision-making failure and further, the authors can reduce the detriment of decision-making competition between local governments through adjusting the revenue function of local government in the process of new-style urbanization. Originality/value – New-style urbanization is the main driving force of China’s future economic development, however, in the process of new-style urbanization, because of the “principle-agent” relationship between central government and local government, officials achievements appraisal mechanism and promotion game, they all cause competition between local government decision making, and this will weaken the positive effect of urbanization. Although, there are many researches on horizontal and intergovernmental competition, most researches devoted to how to avoid it from the angle of institutional economics, and the suggestions put forward by these researches are hardly applied. Anyone interested in how to avoid local government decision-making competition and reduce the negative influences of it from the angle of unitary government state’s reality will find this paper valuable.

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Rethinking anti-corruption efforts in international development

Journal of Financial Crime ◽

10.1108/jfc-08-2021-0176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Stijn Kuipers

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

International Development ◽

Policy Design ◽

Alternative Form ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Content Type ◽

Black And White ◽

Institutional Settings ◽

Starting Point ◽

Development Agendas

Purpose Corruption is commonly seen as a primary impediment to economic development, and its eradication has therefore featured high on development agendas. Most anti-corruption efforts in international development however fail. This paper aims to review recent attempts to unpack the “black box” of corruption to better understand its functioning in developing countries and find ways to combat corruption effectively. Design/methodology/approach The study has been undertaken through a comparative literature and case analysis of some of the primary findings within the field of anti-corruption in international development of the past decade. Findings The research finds that the black-and-white conceptualisation of corruption as an impediment to economic development, which is dominant in development circles, commonly fails to understand corruption as an alternative form of problem-solving in specific institutional settings. This has both hindered anti-corruption efforts and given unwarranted primacy to anti-corruption efforts in international development, to the loss of other priorities. Practical implications Policy-makers need to accept that there are no “magic bullets” against corruption and work in a much more contextual manner, while accepting the fact that corruption might not be the primary impediment to economic growth in their country. Originality/value The paper strengthens recent calls for a more contextualized approach to combat corruption, which have been given insufficient attention in policy design and most of the literature on corruption, providing a novel starting point for “functional”, politically-aware anti-corruption and development efforts.

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Public health priorities in countries undergoing economic transition

10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-62

Author(s):

Stephen Tollman ◽

Jessica Price

Keyword(s):

Economic Transition ◽

Health Priorities ◽

Intersectoral Collaboration ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Middle Income ◽

Demographic Transitions ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Impact Of Urbanization ◽

The Life Course ◽

The Impact

This chapter starts by reviewing the relationship between the economy and health, looking at changes in health outcome as income increases, demographic transitions related to economic growth, and the impact of urbanization on health outcomes. It then reviews major health challenges facing middle-income countries (MICs), including the triple burden of disease, multimorbidity, mental health across the life course, and the impacts of migration, climate change, and antimicrobial resistance. Finally, it discusses health system challenges and the importance of building resilient and ‘learning’ health systems with the agility to adapt to meet MICs’ evolving health needs. We discuss strategies to achieve universal health coverage in MICs and the importance of intersectoral collaboration in promoting health.

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ON APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CHANGES IN THE CONTENT AND NATURE OF WORK IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

10.32782/2224-6282/170-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lyudmila Ulyanova ◽

◽

Yuliia Chaika ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Industrial Society ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Technological Basis ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Sustainable Economic Development ◽

Starting Point ◽

Industrial Labor ◽

The Impact

The article is devoted to the definition of approaches to the analysis of changes in the content and nature of work, which occur in the current stage of post-industrial society and are determined by the implementation of areas within the concept of sustainable economic development. The starting point of the study was the use of the method of scientific abstraction in the analysis of labor, on the basis of which it is shown the expediency at the theoretical level to consider human economic activity in the perspective of two aspects. This approach made it possible to clearly distinguish between the concepts of "content" and "nature" of work. Show that the set of labor functions and operations, which are derived from the technical basis of production, technical-technological and organizational-economic relations, form the inner essence of the content of labor. And socio-economic relations between people by their participation in production processes, which are primarily determined by property relations, act as an economic category and determine the external form of labor, ie its nature. It is established that between these characteristics of labor there is always, under each specific conditions of development of social production, a close connection and interaction, which necessitates the simultaneous, comprehensive study of their essence. The paper presents a historical view of the analysis of the content and nature of work by scientists of the Soviet period, which was carried out within the formational approach and aimed at substantiating the advantages of the socialist nature of work over capitalist. To achieve this task, the results of the assessment of the content of labor were set aside, detached from the nature of labor, because the technical and technological basis of production in the countries of the socialist camp lagged far behind that formed in developed capitalist countries. Based on the realities of today, considerable attention in the article is paid to the impact of innovation and information and communication technologies on the content and nature of industrial labor. Particular attention is paid to the study of the processes of intensifying the use of intellectual resources of employees, strengthening the creative nature of work, increasing the focus of man on the need for constant replenishment of knowledge, finding them an applied nature.

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Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Growth in Turkey

10.36880/c01.00149 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Melike Bildirici ◽

Elçin Aykaç Alp ◽

Fazıl Kayıkçı

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Market Size ◽

Threshold Cointegration ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Impact

This study aims at analyzing the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in Turkey by using Threshold Cointegration. As the studies about the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on growth are surveyed, it is seen that all of them uses liner methods except two. Starting point of these studies that use liner methods are the positive relationship between Growth and Foreign Direct Investment. As such, Yılmaz and Barbaros (2006) find positive relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and market size in Turkey between 1980 and 2001. Erdal and Tatoğlu (2002) reach the same conclusion for the period of 1980-1998 by using real Gross Domestic Product as a proxy for market size. Deichmann, Karidis and Sayek (2003) find positive linkage between Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product in Turkey by using Conditional Logit Model. Bildirici and Bozoklu (2008) find positive relationship between growth and Foreign Direct Investment by using Markov Switching Vector Auto Regression method. Katırcıoğlu (2009) analyses the connection between Foreign Direct Investment and economic development by using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag and indicates that economic development causes net Foreign Direct Investment. Darrat and Sarkar (2009) state the affirmative effects of the Foreign Direct Investment on growth as expected theoretically. Bildirici, Bozoklu (2008) find positive relationship between growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey. Bildirici, Alp and Kayıkçı (2010) state the existence of threshold effect for these variables. This study intends to research this effect in historical perspective, using Threshold Cointegration Analysis.

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Four reflections on the new global mental health priorities

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796019000726 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Human Rights ◽

Global Mental Health ◽

Treatment Quality ◽

Health Priorities ◽

Effective Response ◽

Middle Income ◽

Human Rights Protection ◽

Vision For Action ◽

The Impact

Abstract The discussion of the achievements and limitations of the strategies prioritised in global mental health that has taken place in recent years contributed to a unified vision for action that addresses the gaps still existing on prevention, treatment, quality of care and human rights protection. This editorial presents four reflections on the impact of this vision on the definition of future priorities, particularly in the areas of policy implementation, services reconfiguration and organisation, human rights and research. It concludes that further debate is needed to redefine the balance between priorities and strategies that can better promote an effective response to the needs of low and middle income countries, and to ensure an efficient coordination of efforts in the future.

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Do nutrition and cash-based interventions and policies aimed at reducing stunting have an impact on economic development of low-and-middle-income countries? A systematic review

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7677-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nathaly Aguilera Vasquez ◽

Jana Daher

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Case Studies ◽

Nutritional Supplementation ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Economic Indicators ◽

Middle Income ◽

Chronic Malnutrition ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Childhood stunting is the most common manifestation of chronic malnutrition. A growing body of literature indicates that stunting can have negative repercussions on physical and cognitive development. There are increasing concerns that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly susceptible to adverse consequences of stunting on economic development. The aim of this review is to synthesize current evidence on interventions and policies that have had success in reducing stunting and explore the impact of successes on economic indicators. Methods This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were searched through MEDLINE via PubMed and Ovid, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ProQuest. Only articles that addressed the effects of nutrition and cash-based interventions and/or policies on stunting and reported effects on childhood mortality and/or human capital indicators were included. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed quality. Results Seventeen studies from Africa (47%), South America (41%), and South Asia (12%) met the eligibility criteria: 8 cohort studies, 4 case studies, 4 Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) and 1 quasi-trial. Three types of interventions/policies were evaluated: multisectoral policies, nutritional supplementations and cash-based interventions (CCT). Overall, 76% of the included studies were successful in reducing stunting and 65% of interventions/policies reported successes on stunting reductions and economic successes. Five of the 11 successful studies reported on nutritional supplementation, 4 reported on multisectoral policies, and 2 reported on CCT interventions. Average Annual Rate of Reduction (AARR) was calculated to assess the impact of multisectoral policies on childhood mortality. AARR for under 5 mortality ranged from 5.2 to 6.2% and all countries aligned with the global target of 4.4% AARR. Quality assessment yielded positive results, with the biggest concerns being attrition bias for cohort studies, blinding for trials and generalizability of results for case studies. Conclusions Evidence suggests that investment in fighting chronic malnutrition through multisectoral policies, multi-year nutritional supplementation (protein or multiple micronutrient supplementation) and possibly CCTs can have a long-term impact on economic development of LMICs. More evidence is needed to inform practices in non-represented regions while prioritizing standardization of economic indicators in the literature.

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